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Archeologia jako służba dziedzictwu archeologicznemu

100%
Kobyliński Z.
Ochrona Zabytków
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1998
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issue 2
96-99
EN
The author — Deputy Conservator General of Historical Monuments — writes about the protection of the archaeological heritage, described in a pertinent European convention as a “source of collective memory”. The archaeological heritage possesses a special rank among other categories of the cultural heritage. It is usually concealed from society and remains particularly sensitive to all human activity, even such routine forms as land cultivation or the construction of residential estates, while its violation and damage are irreversible. The prime task of archaeologists does not merely entail, as it is universally believed, an examination of the past by means of studying the archeological heritage, but its protection. If we become aware of the fact that the basic form of archaeological research, i. e. sites, actually incurs damage to archaeological legacy, then we face the dilemma whether to investigate or to protect (also against detrimental excavations). Each of these moral choices appears to be well justified. The International Charter for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage, prepared by ICAHM-ICOMOS, formulated the principle of restricting excavations to an indispensable minimum in cases of endangered sites and, only in exceptional circumstances, nonthreatened sites (i.a. when excavations are necessary for essential research purposes).
2
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OCHRONA DZIEDZICTWA ARCHEOLOGICZNEGO KRAJOWY OŚRODEK BADAŃ I DOKUMENTACJI ZABYTKÓW SZKOLI POLICJĘ

88%
Skaldawski B.
Ochrona Zabytków
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2007
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issue 3
11-13
EN
The National Heritage Board of Poland together with the National Team for Fight with Crime against National Heritage at the Polish General Police Headquarters have prepared and carried out a series of training intended for police officers from all over Poland; the theme of the course was the protection of archaeological heritage. The training, which involved four meetings, took place in Cracow, Warsaw, Gdańsk and Poznań in 2007 and 2008. The topics included basic archaeology, conservation doctrine, the execution of law, and the role played by the police force in combating crimes committed against archaeological monuments. The participants discussed the cooperation of Regional Centres for the Study and Documentation of Historical Monuments and Voivodeship Offices for the Protection of Historical Monuments with police units. The most important accomplishment of the course was practical acquaintance with archaeological monuments and their recognition and conservation. This objective was attained thanks to the kindness of the directors of archaeological museums in the host towns. The whole cycle was completed by more than 130 police officers. A survey performed during the course showed a high assessment of the training, and confirmed the need to hold further such courses, also those dealing with the protection of other groups of historical monuments. Apparently, such an educational campaign organised by the National Heritage Board of Poland fulfils its function, improves the professionalism and effectiveness of undertakings performed by services established for the protection of the national heritage, and popularises the protection of the cultural heritage.
3
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„THE EUROPEAN HERITAGE NETWORK” Spotkanie robocze w Chaumont- sur-Loire, Francja, 24-27 września 2008 r.

75%
Furmanik B.
Ochrona Zabytków
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2008
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issue 1
6-8
EN
Asuccessive working meeting of a group involved in the HEREIN – The European Heritage Network – project took place on 24-27 September 2008 at the Chaumont residence in France. The prime topic of the meeting was the heretofore activity of HEREIN.54 The participants discussed the place and defensive strategies for the protection of cultural heritage within the policies pursued in Europe and those of particular member states of the European Union. Moreover, they presented new projects realised and planned as part of HEREIN and a scheme for the further evelopment of a HEREIN data base. Particular attention was paid to the role played by HEREIN as an instrument for monitoring and supporting conventions concerning cultural heritage, proclaimed by the Council of Europe. The meeting also involved a discussion on the historical parks, gardens and cultural landscape of Europe. The Polish delegation presented its country’s conservation policy relating to the protection of historical parks and gardens as well as tasks and projects concerning assorted monuments in Lithuania and Ukraine. The conference participants toured castles in Chaumont and Blois as well as the recently designed gardens in Chaumont, created as part of the “Des jardins en partage” Festival International des Jardins 2008.
4

Dział archeologii Muzeum Okręgowego w Toruniu – wybrane zagadnienia z zakresu upowszechniania dziedzictwa archeologicznego regionu

63%
Bielińska-Majewska B.
Pomorania Antiqua
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2020
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vol. Tom XXIX
s. 357-379
EN
The beginnings of the collection and promotion of archaeological collections date back to the second half of the 19th century and are associated with the scientific societies operating in Toruń at that time, the German Coppernicus-Verein für Wissenschaft und Kunst (Copernicus Society for Science and Arts) and the Städtisches Museum (City Museum) and the Polish Scientific Society in Toruń and its Museum. In the interwar period, after connection the two museum collections, in the City Museum, a separate Department of Prehistory was established, and in 1948, within the structures of the then Museum, the Department of Archaeology was formed. The publication is an attempt to draw attention to the significant role of promoting archaeological heritage in museums. The article outlines selected facts related to scientific-research, popular-scientific and exhibition activities that took place in 1948-2018, on the example of the activity of one of the oldest departments in the structures of the District Museum in Toruń – Department of Archaeology.
5
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Nomadyczne dziedzictwo. O migracjach rzeczy w przyszłość

63%
Stobiecka M.
Stan Rzeczy
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2018
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issue 1 (14) Przyszłość w naukach społecznych
135-154
PL
W dyskusjach o archeologii w epoce antropocenu przewiduje się, że w niedalekiej przyszłości postępujące zmiany klimatyczne zintensyfikują migracje ludzi, zwierząt, a także rzeczy – w tym zabytków. Wobec zachodzących zjawisk społecznych, politycznych (m.in. terroryzm) i naturalnych (kataklizmy) przyszłością dziedzictwa ma być jego digitalizacja, która kształtuje współczesny obraz archeologii, wypracowującej narzędzia ratownicze w dobie różnorakich zagrożeń. Reprezentacje obiektów archeologicznych zostaną w przyszłości dowartościowane, będą bowiem stanowić remedium na ruinację i zniszczenie dotykające zarówno kulturę, jak i naturę. Owe cyfrowe zabytki już teraz mają wymiar nomadyczny – są mobilne, przeobrażające się, niestałe. Wprowadzona w artykule kategoria „nomadycznego dziedzictwa” określa dziedzictwo przyszłości powstające na bazie antropogenicznych przeobrażeń i uzasadnionego zastosowania narzędzi digitalizacji.
EN
The presence of Anthropocene in archaeological debates leads to anticipation of heritage’s future. Theoretical archaeologists emphasize that in the near future advanced climate changes will force people to migrate with their cultural belongings. The future of heritage will be thus digitization, that shapes the current image of archaeology as a scientific practice of restoring and reviving, nowadays motivated by damages caused by political as well as natural turmoils. Digital representations will be appraised in future, because they will stand as remedies for the progressing ruination and degradation of culture and nature. Those digital monuments are of nomadic character – they are mobile, transferable, non-fixed. This article introduces a category of „nomadic heritage” as a form of future heritage, generated by anthropogenic changes and critical approach towards digitization of heritage.
6
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Konserwacja zapobiegawcza dziedzictwa archeologicznego : wprowadzenie do problematyki

45%
Kobyliński Z.
Ochrona Zabytków
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2009
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issue 3
77-104
EN
ICOMOS Charter for the Protection and Management o f the Archaeological Heritage issued in 1990 can be regarded as the final moment of the long-term process of formation of the belief in the archaeological branch that it is necessary to assign priority to preventive conservation in all actions undertaken towards the authentic substance of archaeological sites and relics. \\ ith regard to archaeological heritage, the strategy of preventive conservation must cover at least (lie implementation of the following rules: 1. Creation of optimum conditions of duration and exposure for the monument (elaboration of the monument protection plan). 2. Non-disturbance of the monument substance (restriction of excavation work to a necessary minimum). 3. Monitoring of the condition of the monument (conservator’s inspections and ensuring that the monument will be cared about by social caretakers of monuments). *+. Intervention in the case of any danger (carrying- -out of minimum required repair activities and legal and administrative interventions). The elaboration of the plan of long-term protection and management of the monument must be a key element of the strateg)7. Such a plan must be based on multidisciplinary scientific research aimed at understanding the fragment of the heritage that is to be covered by the conservation. This understanding covers not only an in-depth knowledge of the monument itself, but also of the historical and contemporary context in which the monument is situated, including th<‘ conditions of natural environment and social attitudes. Only with such a knowledge at our disposal can we elaborate an action plan that will allow us to retain the monument substance of the site, at the same time giving the possibility of I lie widest and most diverse use of monument values that are carried by that site. The article deals with practical problems related to the implementation of such proactive approach to the in situ conservation of architectural relics, such as th<‘ conservation of archaeological sites by refilling them with soil, ensuring of proper humidity and other soil conditions for the given site, impact of plants on the maintenance of archaeological sites, problems arising during the construction of roofs for archaeological sites, or special problems connected with the provision of access to archaeological sites for tourists. The problems discussed in the article lead to the conclusion that preventive conservation consists mainly of planning based on scientific research and anticipation of long-term results of undertaken actions.
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