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EN
The purpose of the article is to analyze the socio-religious role of the Lutherans parishes in the history of urban agglomeration in Lodz. To illustrate this activity it's also important to present the relicts of the material heritage of this denomination, which can be observed in the urban space of these cities. Considerations in this article, are related to deliberately selected two cities: Pabianice and Zgierz, where the Lutheran church (in the form of the parish), for many years has shaped the socio-religious face of these urban centers. The considerations contained in this paper were based on the source material contained in the literature, as well as other papers open for general use like parish brochures and online resources.
PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza społeczno-religijnej roli, jaką odegrały parafie ewangelicko-augsburskie w dziejach miast aglomeracji łódzkiej. Dla lepszego zilustrowania wspomnianej aktywności zasadne pozostaje także wskazanie reliktów dziedzictwa materialnego tej denominacji, jakie można zaobserwować w przestrzeni tych miast.W niniejszym artykule rozważania podjęto nad dwoma wybranymi ośrodkami miejskimi: Pabianicami oraz Zgierzem, w których kościół luterański w postaci parafii od wielu lat kształtuje oblicze społeczno-religijne tych ośrodków miejskich. Rozważania zawarte w treści artykułu oparte zostały w pewnej części na materiale źródłowym zawartym w literaturze, jak również innych ogólnodostępnych opracowaniach: broszurach parafialnych czy zasobach internetowych.
EN
The following paper addresses the history of the Protestant minority residing in the city of Pabianice. One of the most significant religious minorities in the region, Protestants settled in Pabianice as early as in 19th century, with the settlement being strongly influenced by the development of the textile industry. From the very beginning, their presence was marked by an active participation in the community life, participation which included both financial support and voluntary work for the common good. The Protestant parish in Pabianice boasts a fine collection of priceless relics, including, to mention but a few, the parish church, cemetery and the Kindlers' burial chapel. Supervised by the regional art conservator, these sights form a major contribution to the city's rich history. The Protestant community itself may be credited with setting up a number of cultural and educational projects, including art exhibitions and concerts. Despite the small size of the congregation, the parish remains active in terms of both religious and social life, providing ample opportunity for social interaction as well as religious instruction for the youngest of its members. The peaceful coexistence of Protestants and Catholics, as well as many other minorities residing in Pabianice, resulted in numerous initiatives which brought benefit to all parties concerned. Some of these, however, ended abruptly during World War II. The postwar era was marked by suspicion and mistrust which chased many of the Protestants away. Out of several thousand believers before World War II, there are now only a few hundred left. Hindered by stereotypes, the cooperation between Protestants and Catholics is often restricted to ecumenical worship. With the Protestant community declining, there needs to be closer cooperation between the parishes and the city council in order to preserve the common heritage
PL
W artykule, odwołującym się do zagadnień z zakresu geografii politycznej i historycznej, przedstawiono specyfikę aktywności społecznej (w tym oświatowej i kulturalnej) wiernych Kościoła Ewangelicko-Augsburskiego w Pabianicach oraz scharakteryzowano należące do niego relikty dziedzictwa materialnego.
EN
The following paper addresses the history of the Protestant minority residing in the city of Pabianice. One of the most significant religious minorities in the region, Protestants settled in Pabianice as early as in 19th century, with the settlement being strongly influenced by the development of the textile industry. From the very beginning, their presence was marked by an active participation in the community life, participation which included both financial support and voluntary work for the common good. The Protestant parish in Pabianice boasts a fine collection of priceless relics, including, to mention but a few, the parish church, cemetery and the Kindlers' burial chapel. Supervised by the regional art conservator, these sights form a major contribution to the city's rich history. The Protestant community itself may be credited with setting up a number of cultural and educational projects, including art exhibitions and concerts. Despite the small size of the congregation, the parish remains active in terms of both religious and social life, providing ample opportunity for social interaction as well as religious instruction for the youngest of its members. The peaceful coexistence of Protestants and Catholics, as well as many other minorities residing in Pabianice, resulted in numerous initiatives which brought benefit to all parties concerned. Some of these, however, ended abruptly during World War II. The postwar era was marked by suspicion and mistrust which chased many of the Protestants away. Out of several thousand believers before World War II, there are now only a few hundred left. Hindered by stereotypes, the cooperation between Protestants and Catholics is often restricted to ecumenical worship. With the Protestant community declining, there needs to be closer cooperation between the parishes and the city council in order to preserve the common heritage.
PL
W artykule, odwołującym się do zagadnień z zakresu geografii politycznej i historycznej, przedstawiono specyfikę aktywności społecznej (w tym oświatowej i kulturalnej) wiernych Kościoła Ewangelicko-Augsburskiego w Pabianicach oraz scharakteryzowano należące do niego relikty dziedzictwa materialnego.
PL
W artykule przybliżamy przypadek przestrzeni postindustrialnej Nowej Tkalni przy ul. Kilińskiego w Łodzi, będącej częścią dawnego imperium Karola Scheiblera, który posłuży nam do zaprezentowania napięć pomiędzy aktorami życia miejskiego i związanego z tym prawa do miasta, w tym także dziedzictwa. Jednocześnie wskażemy na istotności włączania różnorodnych aktorów w proces kształtowania narracji (również tych wpływających na rozszerzanie pola badawczego) o nim. W swoich rozważaniach wykorzystałyśmy przede wszystkim perspektywę spojrzenia na tę przestrzeń jako na przestrzeń codzienności – pracy, która została naznaczona wydarzeniem niecodziennym – wizytą Jana Pawła II w 1987 r. Zastanawiamy się więc nad praktykami i strategiami upamiętniającymi/zapominającymi w kontekście praktyk miejskich związanych z konstruowaniem dziedzictwa oraz prawa do niego.
EN
The paper presents the case of post-industrial space of the New Weaving Mill in Kilińskiego Street in Łódź, which was a part of Karol Scheibler’s empire. We use it to illustrate the tensions between actors of the city life and the related right to the city including the right to heritage. At the same time, we indicate the significance of involving different actors in the process of creating narratives (also those contributing to the extension of the research field) of it. In our discussion, we mostly perceive this space as everyday space – space of work that was marked with an unusual event: the visit of John Paul II in 1987. Thus, we consider the practices and strategies for commemorating/forgetting in the context of urban practices connected with the construction of heritage and the right to it.
EN
The article refers to two UNESCO conventions adopted by Poland in recent years: The Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of 2003 and the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions of 2005. On one hand, comparing the content of these documents allows better understanding of the keynote of the concept of safeguarding intangible national heritage applied by UNESCO, and, on the other hand, this guiding principle shows the long distance covered while shaping the vision of cultural heritage over forty years from the establishment of the Convention on Safeguarding the Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1972. To complete the picture, UNESCO’s “Memory of the World” Programme of 1992, concerning safeguarding the documentary heritage, including the digital heritage, must be mentioned. These documents capture the diverse landscape of human cultural heritage, being complementary to each other. They are permeated by the principles of the protection and promotion of the heritage to varying degrees: equality, diversity, equivalency, share in the sustainable development, importance of an individual creator, and also an important role of the local community in this process. They indicate the evolution of the development conditions based on the cultural awareness, sense of identity, formed in the process of gradual identification of one’s own tangible and intangible heritage. They emphasize the possibility of a significant participation of culture in development. The Preamble to the Convention from 2005 contains provisions which formulate principles in a clear way, and also shed light on understanding other UNESCO conventions and programmes, especially on the particularly important Convention from 2003. The principle of non-evaluation, which applies to making new entries on the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, so difficult to understand in the light of the experience related to the application of the criteria for making new entries on the World Heritage List, in accordance with the Convention on Protection of the Cultural and Natural Heritage from 1972, gains importance in the perspective of “cultural diversity forming a common heritage of humanity” and being “a mainspring for sustainable development for communities, peoples and nations”. The Convention emphasizes the importance of culture for social cohesion; developmental role of exchanges and interactions between cultures based on freedom of thought, expression and information, as well as diversity of media; the importance of linguistic diversity; the importance of vitality of cultures, including for persons who belong to minorities and indigenous people, as “manifested in their freedom to create, disseminate and distribute their traditional, cultural expressions and to have access thereto, so as to benefit them for their own development”. These statements give special meaning to the main thoughts of the Convention of 2003, which indicates the fundamental importance of the local community and individual carriers in ensuring vitality of the intangible heritage as a basic condition for its protection. Hence the differences in determination of goods added to the lists established on the basis of the Convention of 1972 and of 2003. In the first case, the dominating principle is the principle of selection of the most outstanding works in a given field, based on the methodology determined by specialists using the criteria of European historical and aesthetic tradition. In the case of the Convention of 2003, there was a clear evolution towards the recognition of the values of cultural phenomena rooted in the local context, proving, first of all, the diversity and authenticity of these phenomena, with their significance in creating the culture for the local community and as a manifestation of their identity, and, with the use of tools for the protection of these phenomena/ elements, may participate in the dialogue of cultures on the national and global scale. The process of the implementation of the Convention gives a huge chance to prepare a methodology consistent with the assumptions of the Convention of 2003, by means of activities that aim at creating the national register of the intangible heritage, and thus recognize, disseminate and maintain the richness of intangible culture in Poland which, as a result of a well conducted cultural policy consistent with the principles of the Convention of 2005, should be present in the developmental processes of our country in a creative manner.
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