Search results

1

Ślady osadnictwa mezolitycznego i neolitycznego we wsi Kokotów, gm. Wieliczka, woj. małopolskie, stanowisko 20

100%

Czerniak L., Wąs M., Józwiak B., Szydłowski M.

Raport

|

2015

|

vol. 10

7-42

EN

The article presents the results of rescue excavations undertaken in connection with the construction of A4 motorway. The site is situated in the south-eastern outskirts of Cracow, in the area of the vast, sandy valley of the Vistula river. That area is distinguished from the predominant area of loess highlands in terms of the environmental conditions, particularly good for gathering and hunting, grazing cattle and obtaining various resources. The survey of that and several other, similarly located sites show that the zone became attractive, apart from the period of dominance of gathering and hunting communities, as late as in the Eneolithic and the early Bronze Age. The 161 pits, as well as the pottery and flint artefacts, recorded in Kokotów in the area of 0.56 ha, present the following chronological profile: a Mesolithic temporary campsite followed by a multiphase, but, in all cases, rather temporary presence of the Funnel Beaker culture community, the Corded Ware culture, the Mierzanowice and Trzciniec cultures. An important element of the nature of the profile of exploitation of that zone in the Eneolithic period and the early Bronze Age on the site in Kokotów are quite numerous relics connected with making and using flint axes, which may suggest obtaining wood.

2

Siekierka z wczesnej epoki brązu z Topolna, powiat świecki

72%

Siwiak W.

Pomorania Antiqua

|

2023

|

vol. Tom XXXII

55–64

EN

The axe from Topolno was discovered during archaeological research of the left bank Fordon Valley conducted by the Bydgoszcz Association of History Enthusiasts ‘Łuczniczka’. Research using a metal detector is carried out as part of a social project entitled ‘Recognition of the archaeological prehistoric and historical heritage of the left bank Vistula valley between the mouths of the Brda and Wda rivers’. The artefact was discovered in an arable field, on the edge of disappearing boggy peat oxbow lake of the Vistula River. The axe is one of the oldest objects made of bronze alloy discovered in the left bank Fordon Valley. At the beginning of the Bronze Age, the territory of the Świecie Plateau, which is part of the south-eastern Gdańsk Pomerania, was exploited by the population of the Iwno culture. In the area in question, the sites related to its settlement are located mainly on the plateau. In the Fordon Valley, the community of this early Bronze Age culture definitely less frequently penetrated the bottom terraces of the left bank valley of the Vistula River. All the more interesting is the discovery of an axe in the Vistula valley as well as two specimens of characteristic pottery vessels of the Iwno culture found in Topolno at the end of the 19th century. The axe from Topolno should be classified as Wrocław-Szczytniki type flanged axe, characteristic of the phase from IEB (BA1/2) to I/II EB (BA2-BB). A crack/damage to the butt, the shape of which determines the determination of variants, does not allow for unambiguously assigning the artefact to any of the distinguished varieties A, B, C and D of Wrocław-Szczytniki type axes. Wrocław-Szczytniki type axes, varieties A, B, C are dated in the BA1B range [1950-1700 BC], while the D variety to the end of BA1B-BA2 [1700-1550 BC]. The discovery in Topolno may prove the intensity of the early Bronze Age settlement represented by the Iwno culture population, concentrated on the bottom terrace in the left bank Lower Vistula Valley.

3

Grociki krzemienne z młodszego neolitu i początków epoki brązu z terenu Dolnego Nadodrza

72%

Tomaszewski R.

Materiały Zachodniopomorskie

|

2012

|

vol. 9

7-50

EN

The paper presents a multifaceted analysis of flint arrowheads. It was based on an assemblage of 121 artefacts from 57 sites located in the lower Odra River area. The chronological scope of the study includes the period from the younger Neolithic to the early Bronze Age. During the study, the flint raw material of which the arrowheads were made, the morphology of this type of artefact and the production technology of flint arrowheads were analysed amongst others. The article is also accompanied by a catalogue with plates showing the majority of the collected arrowheads. In the assemblage in question, the most numerous flint arrowheads were stray finds. In addition, material originating from settlements and cemeteries only tested or not excavated at all limited the possibilities of wider analyses comparing the discussed type of sources with cultural units. In the case of raw material, based on these general observations, it can be concluded that for the production of flint arrowheads more fissile raw material, probably of local origins was used. Based on the undertaken analyses, it can be stated that heart-shaped forms dominated as in other regions of Central Europe, where they were the most popular form in assemblages of late Neolithic and early Bronze Age cultures. In terms of the production technology of the flint artefacts in question, a notable domination of arrowheads made of flakes was identified. In addition, the majority of them bear parallel and transversal retouch as well as invasive retouch, whose execution is linked with the high skills of flint production. In the case of additional techniques used in production, however, an occurrence of jagged edges can be observed.

4

„Swój” czy „obcy”? Wybrane konteksty grocików krzemiennych w zespołach grobowych

72%

Borkowski W. J., Kowalewski M.

Wiadomości Archeologiczne

|

2021

|

vol. LXXII

|

issue 72

107-116

EN

The end of the Neolithic and the beginning of the Early Bronze Age was a time of processes governed by profound cultural transformations. These fundamental changes involved the emergence of new social and economic structures related to pastoralism and the resulting increased mobility of human groups. This must have brought about various inter-group conflicts, arising, for example, from competing over the best pastures. At the same time, it should not be ruled out that, in the then customs, aggressive behaviour had been integrated into the canons of existence, thus leaving a deep mark on the generally accepted ethical norms. The basic set of instruments found in graves, notably military in character and consisting of an axe, a knife or a dagger and archery equipment, provides some evidence in this respect. This was a period when the need for a strong emphasis on self-awareness and group self-identification was an important factor, and so was the desire to distinguish oneself from the surrounding cultural environments. In archaeological sources, the above-mentioned trends in cultural behaviour are manifested especially in artefacts of military character, flint arrowheads in particular. A significant part of the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age finds of flint arrowheads comes from graves (Fig. 1, 7, 8). These artefacts are most often interpreted, probably rightly in most cases, as part of equipment accompanying the deceased. However, a detailed observation of the contexts in which arrowheads are found in graves has repeatedly revealed that their interpretation is not always unambiguous (Fig. 2–5). Sometimes, the context clearly indicates that the finds can be seen as a kind of corpus delicti – the cause of death of the buried persons (Fig. 6). The aim of this article is to present selected sources from the area of Poland that exemplify the research problem indicated in the title of this paper.

PL

Schyłek neolitu i początki wczesnej epoki brązu są okresem, podczas którego zachodziły procesy będące skutkami głębokich przemian kulturowych. Te fundamentalne zmiany polegały na powstaniu nowych struktur społecznych i gospodarczych, związanych z uprawianiem pasterstwa i wynikającej z niego wzmożonej mobilności grup ludzkich. Musiały wiązać się z tym rozmaite konflikty międzygrupowe, wynikające chociażby z konkurowania o najlepsze pastwiska. Nie należy zarazem wykluczać, że w ówczesnej obyczajowości zachowania agresywne włączono do kanonów egzystencji, przez co odcisnęły głębokie piętno na ogólnie akceptowanych normach etycznych. Pewną przesłanką źródłową w tym względzie jest podstawowy, wybitnie militarny, zestaw instrumentarium znajdowanego w grobach, złożony z topora, siekiery, noża lub sztyletu oraz rynsztunku łuczniczego. Był to okres, kiedy istotny czynnik stanowiła potrzeba silnego akcentowania samoświadomości i autoidentyfikacji grupowej oraz dążenie do zaznaczania odrębności wobec otaczających środowisk kulturowych. W źródłach archeologicznych wspomniane tendencje w zachowaniach kulturowych manifestują się zwłaszcza w wytworach o funkcjach militarnych, a szczególnie w krzemiennych grocikach strzał do łuku (ryc. 1). Znaczna część późnoneolitycznych i wczesnobrązowych znalezisk grocików krzemiennych pochodzi z zespołów grobowych. Odkrywane w nich ostrza najczęściej są interpretowane, zapewne w większości przypadków słusznie, jako element wyposażenia towarzyszącego zmarłemu. Szczegółowa obserwacja kontekstów występowania grocików w grobach ujawniła wielokrotnie, że ich interpretacja nie zawsze jest jednoznaczna. Niekiedy zastany kontekst dobitnie wskazuje na charakter znaleziska jako swoistego corpusdelicti, stanowiącego przyczynę śmierci pochowanych osób (ryc. 2-6). Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych źródeł z obszaru Polski, które egzemplifikują problem badawczy zasygnalizowany w tytule tego opracowania.

Refine search results

1 Materiały Zachodniopomorskie

1 Pomorania Antiqua

1 Raport

1 Wiadomości Archeologiczne

1 2023

1 2021

1 2015

1 2013

1 Borkowski W. J.

1 Czerniak L.

1 Józwiak B.

1 Kowalewski M.

1 Siwiak W.

1 Szydłowski M.

1 Tomaszewski R.

1 Wąs M.

Ślady osadnictwa mezolitycznego i neolitycznego we wsi Kokotów, gm. Wieliczka, woj. małopolskie, stanowisko 20

Siekierka z wczesnej epoki brązu z Topolna, powiat świecki

Grociki krzemienne z młodszego neolitu i początków epoki brązu z terenu Dolnego Nadodrza

„Swój” czy „obcy”? Wybrane konteksty grocików krzemiennych w zespołach grobowych