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EN
Risk has become one of the most important categories in the global economy. This term belongs to the most popular phenomena in the economy. Decision making is always connected with risk. It is an inseparable part of human history and there are no man’s actions which cannot be associated with it. The notion of risk is universal: it concerns political, economic and social activities. It takes on specific meaning in the space of economic activity: taking risk entails certain financial consequences. Due to this fact, the essence of risk, methods of its evaluation, as well as its management are the topics of a growing number of publications in various scientific fields. The key problem for an entrepreneur is to first determine sources of risk, to assess its size and the influence it may have on the business, and then–to take action in order to minimize this influence. The article analyses dangers in a municipal waste incineration plant. In incineration plants there are various risks but environmental threats, broadly analysed in this article, belong to the most serious ones. Two independent risk analysis methods have been used for this purpose to determine the most serious threats related to environmental risk and options of counteracting them.
PL
Ryzyko spowodowania szkód w środowisku naturalnym to nowe i coraz bardziej istotne wyzwanie dla przedsiębiorstw z uwagi na prawne zmiany warunków prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej w kierunku zwiększenia zakresu odpowiedzialności za szkody i zaostrzenia sankcji za zanieczyszczanie i degradację środowiska. Tymczasem decyzje dotyczące zakupu ubezpieczeń chroniących przed skutkami szkód środowiskowych są rzadko podejmowane przez polskie przedsiębiorstwa, zwłaszcza te małe i średnie.W artykule poruszono problematykę rozwoju ubezpieczeń szkód środowiskowych w sensie ilościowym, mierzonym liczbą oferowanych na rynku produktów ubezpieczeniowych, oraz jakościowym – mającym odzwierciedlenie w zakresie ubezpieczenia oraz palecie stosowanych wyłączeń. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zakresy ochrony ubezpieczeń szkód środowiskowych oferowanych w ramach pakietów ubezpieczeniowych dedykowanych MSP oraz podobne produkty ubezpieczeniowe w wybranych krajach. We wnioskach stwierdzono, że mimo poszerzającej się oferty ubezpieczeniowej dla sektora MSP, nie gwarantuje ona przedsiębiorcom wystarczającego zakresu ochrony w zakresie szkód środowiskowych.
EN
The risk of causing damage to the environment is quite a new challenge for entrepreneurs due to legal changes which cause the wider scope of responsibility and stricter penalties for pollution and environmental degradation. However, decisions to buy insurance to protect the company are often overlooked by Polish enterprises, particularly small and medium-sized. This paper discusses the problem of the development of environmental damage insurance in terms of its quantity, measured by the number of available insurance products and quality – which is reflected in the insurance coverage. The article contains the presentation of environmental damage insurance products which are available in Poland and other selected countries and which are dedicated to small and medium-sized entrepreneurs. The main conclusion is that despite of the ever-wider offer in Poland, the sufficient protection in case of causing the environmental damage is still not guaranteed.
EN
The article addresses the issue of monitoring of a technology. The author provides analysis of the inherent limitation of the very idea of controlling and points out the inevitable limits of philosophical, theoretical and practical nature. In that context, selected critical arguments concerning technology, Technology Assessment and Science and Technology Studies are presented. It is argued that the project of geoengineering exemplifies the dangerous views of scientism, so-called technological imperative and instrumentalism, the tendency to underestimate the future risks, and finally, the dilemma of control.
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