Search results

1

Rola państwa w kształtowaniu lokalnego bezpieczeństwa energetycznego

100%

Niedziółka M.

Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne

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2019

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vol. 27

213-222

EN

The state, in addition to its classical economic functions, must also take care of the safety of its citizens. At the same time, the nature of this security has changed in recent years. Greater economic security is now more important than military or defense security. Energy is one of its main elements. The state performs its tasks in this area at various levels of the territorial organization of the country. The aim of the article is to analyze local conditions for ensuring energy security.

2

Administrative Liability as Means of Ensuring Economic Security

100%

Makareyko N.

Internal Security

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2014

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vol. 6(1)

105-116

EN

For a democratic legal state the security of citizens, society and the country is a way of ensuring rights and freedomsof its citizens. Therefore, the state and its bodies are responsible for ensuring such a regime of social relations, answeringthe threats identified in advance, in which there is an effective legal and institutional mechanism that would prevent, suppressor restore the violated legal status. The following article is devoted to an ongoing problem of law enforcement — ensuringeconomic security. The author examines the function and role that administrative liability plays in the mechanism of ensuringeconomic security. A lot of attention is paid to the characteristics of administrative offences committed in the economicsector. These include the following administrative sectors: protection of property, protection of the environment and naturalresources, industry, construction and power industry, agriculture, veterinary, land reclamation, transportation, communicationand information, entrepreneurship, finance, taxation, insurance, securities market, customs (customs rights infringement)as well as in the field of administrative penalties. The author points out that the Administrative Offence Code of the RussianFederation gives ten types of administrative penalties out of which administrative fines are most often used, issuinga warning is rather limited, and the confiscation of the instrument of criminal or administrative offence is most often usedin the field of customs. The ideas presented in the article are intended to give a detailed insight into the administrative liabilityin the sphere of economic security, the increase of effectiveness of law‑makingand law enforcement activities in the areadiscussed.

3

Non-military determinants of the Russian Federation policy

100%

Grenda B.

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2019

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vol. 23

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issue 1

23-47

EN

This study analyses various non-military factors in shaping the security policy of the Russian Federation. This work undertakes to establish their substance, content and scope, and to draw the conditions and trends in the political, economic and social security of modern Russia in the context of its international ambitions, role and state security. In the work theoretical method analysis, synthesis, abstracting and generalization were used. Based on the results of the research, it was determined that the specificity of its location definitely exerts an adverse effect on Russian state security. The reconstruction of imperial Russia is among the key goals set forth by Vladimir Putin in Russia’s foreign and military policy. In fact, the entire economic, political and military activity of Russia is subordinated to this goal. With regard to the economic and social state, the dependence of the Russian Federation on the extraction and export of crude oil and natural gas is an obvious indication of the constraints of its economy. Moscow’s particular interests are formulated in official state documents, such as the Military Doctrine and the National Security Strategy. These documents identify not only external and internal threats to state security but above all indicate the means and methods of possible deterrence.

4

Tworzenie zabezpieczenia materialnego w świetle badań polskich gospodarstw domowych

100%

Rószkiewicz M.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2006

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vol. 207

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issue 4

69-85

EN

The article analyzes the implications of consumerism and rampant spending in the context of the pension system reform designed to stimulate saving among households. The author used the results of an empirical study carried out by direct interview on a random sample of 1,305 households at the end of 2004 (with the “no-data” indicator under 13 percent). The results obtained in the survey confirm the Keynesian view that the saving preferences of households and their economic security policies depend on income. Households with relatively higher incomes more often declare possession of spare funds and the possibility of saving. However, the survey also confirmed the accuracy of a view in economic psychology involving unrestrained spending among some groups of society. The study shows that households with incomes sufficient to permit saving generally fall into two categories with different consumption preferences. Households prone to saving and with a higher socioeconomic status-mostly newly established families and those at an advanced stage of family life-usually display a preference for deferred gratification and extended consumption, with a saving rate proportional to income. Such households tend to behave in accordance with the Life-Cycle Hypothesis, with the income factor as the main determinant of the level of saving. The remaining households display a preference for immediate consumption and their saving rate is out of proportion with income. These households generally show no restraint in the management of their financial resources and their behaviors are out of step with the economic theory of saving. They act according to the Behavioral Life-Cycle Hypothesis under which one’s spending and saving preferences are dominated by emotional factors.

5

Economic Risk Management of Civil Aviation in the Context of Ensuring Sustainable Development of the National Economy

100%

Bugayko D., Hryhorak M., Kharazishvili Y., Zamiar Z.

Logistics and Transport

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2020

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vol. 45-46

71-82

EN

Aviation security is an important component of the concept of general national security, the system of personal security, public safety and transport safety from external and internal threats. Maintaining an acceptable level of national aviation safety is a priority for the industry. Economic security is very important in the context of globalization. The main tool for ensuring these tasks is proactive risk management. The development of economic risk management tools is relevant for sustainable development of both the industry of civil aviation in particular, and in the state economy as a whole.

6

Economic security of an industrial enterprise in competitive conditions

100%

Revko A., Tulchynska S., Tkachenko T.

Research Papers in Economics and Finance

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2021

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vol. 5

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issue 1

76-84

EN

The research is devoted to the issues of ensuring economic security of in- dustrial enterprises in competitive conditions. The methodological basis of this study is a systematic approach that provides a holistic and functional vision of economic security of industrial enterprises in a competitive environment. It was found that the economic security of an industrial enterprise is a multifaceted, multi-vector concept, according to which the main emphasis is on the efficiency of all types of resources in the process of ensuring competitiveness of the industrial enterprise. The requirements for the functioning of economic security of an industrial enterprise are highlighted. The authors prove the necessity of observance of requirements on the maintenance of economic safety at the industrial enterprise in the conditions of competition, includ- ing: formation of system strategic measures concerning components of economic safety of the enterprise, development of industrial enterprise policies to create competitive advantages, use of information tools and digital technologies to monitor the risks and threats of an enterprise, etc.

7

Level of economic security of NATO Eastern flank countries

100%

Sałek-Imińska A.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2018

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vol. 32(32)

202-221

EN

In the modern world an undoubted increase in the economic factor of maintaining the security of states is observed. Economic security is an important element of the functioning of national economies, including the states of the eastern flank of NATO. Perceiving economic security as a balance of development needs of these states we can identify several areas of activity of its quantifiers, which can include development, infrastructure and balance opportunities and needs. To determine the levels of these quantifiers, we must use a carefully selected set of meters. One of them is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which clearly describes the measurable features present in the analyzed national economies. The objective of this article is to attempt to indicate the level of the economic security of NATO’s eastern flank states in terms of the level of economic growth measured by GDP. From an autonomous perspective, this meter does not give grounds for expressing value judgments in the context of the widely understood level of economic security, but it constitutes their necessary component and basis for further analyzes and evaluations. For the needs of the elaboration, an assumption was made, being a simplification of the economic reality, indicating that changes in annual GDP will show the level of the economic security of NATO’s eastern flank states. Hence, an increase in GDP growth lower than 1.9% in a period, which the analysis refers to, is a sign of a decrease in the level of economic security of a given state and vice versa. In all the states of NATO’s eastern flank, an improvement in its level was observed, where in 2017 in all the states of NATO’s eastern flank the rate of GDP growth was higher than the assumed critical threshold level of 1.9%. Years 2014–2016 also constitute a period of improvement in the level of the economic security of the analyzed states, except for Bulgaria in 2014, Estonia and Lithuania in 2015 and Estonia in 2016. While the period from 2008 to 2013 is a period when the level of the economic security of the states of NATO’s eastern flank is diverse and there are no indications that it improved. In the context of the analyzed problem, the best years were 2008 and 2011, for which GDP growth was the highest. In 2008 Estonia, Latvia and Hungary were those that did not reach the critical threshold (decline in economic security). The other six states were characterized by an increase in the level of economic security. The following year is a period when all the states (except for Poland) did not register any improvement. This resulted from a general economic recession, which was observed in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. Considering the number of years for which the assumed critical threshold level of 1.9% was not reached, we can claim that the economy of Poland (2 periods: 2012–2013), and then Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia and Slovakia (3 periods), Romania (4 years) and Bulgaria, Estonia and Hungary (5 years) were characterized by the highest level of economic security in the analyzed period.

8

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ЗАХОДИ ДЕТІНІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

88%

О.С. Р.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

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2014

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vol. 19

EN

In the article are analysed scientific approaches in relation to determination of essence of shadow economic activity. Investigational forms of display and factors which influence on a volume shadow the sector of economy. A modern situation is analysed in relation to a fight against acorruption in Ukraine. The levers of organizational-economic mechanism of legalization ofeconomy of Ukraine are definite.

9

The role of the contemporary higher education in the implementation of the euro in Poland

88%

Sitek P.

Journal of Modern Science

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2015

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issue 2(25)

337-349

EN

It must be accepted that Poland has used 25 years of political and economic freedom to generate the development of country in many areas. Th e passage of years has confi rmed the stability of Polish and our credibility for investors, which is one of the most important determinants of development. Currently, aft er the election campaign for the European Parliament, it can be observed, that in Poland, despite the noticeable economic growth, rising the living standards and a numbers of similar circumstances, Polish society falls into irrational contestation, negation and they change the current achievements into the populist and dangerous socio-economic fi gures. Poland in its stability is a young country and it needs to maintain the exchange course toward stabilization. It is essential, urgent and economically safe for Poland to access to the euro zone. Th e political factor supporting this idea is exhausted and sometimes in crises. Th erefore, it is necessary to give the support to activities that promote the entry into the euro zone. Th at kind of support should be given by the institution of higher education – colleges and universities with of economic, fi nancial or political profi les, A good example of such activities in that fi eld are action undertaken by the Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy in Józefów. Keywords:

10

Polityka energetyczna Unii Europejskiej w kontekście problematyki bezpieczeństwa gospodarczego

88%

Tomaszewski K.

Przegląd Politologiczny

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2018

|

issue 1

133-146

PL

The article is an analysis of energy policy in the context of the economic security of the European Union. One of the key challenges facing the EU is to ensure the economic security both of its members, as well as of the entire organization. The energy sector and energy policy are an integral part of the European Union’s development strategy. They may contribute to improved effectiveness of the integration process or to the failure of the European project. The aim of this article is to examine the challenges and problems that are associated with the formation of European energy policy. For the integration project to succeed, it is imperative for this policy to be properly planned and managed. Failing to implement appropriate mechanisms and actions to ensure energy security (taken at Community level), poses threats of strengthened national particularities in the EU, economic slowdown and, consequently, a slow erosion of the European political system.

11

Chinese investment policy in Europe between 2011 and 2017. Challenges and threats to the security of European Union countries

88%

Paszak P.

Polish Journal of Political Science

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2017

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vol. 3

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issue 4

7-29

EN

This paper aims to assess the impact of Chinese investments between 2011 and 2017 on the level of economic and political security of EU member countries. The size, structure and geographical concentration of the investments were subjected to an examination. In order to explain its underlying motivations and objectives, the author investigates the Chinese government’s strategies, links between the private sector and authorities as well as selected transactions. The results of the study indicate that Chinese investments, despite possible short-term benefits, in the long-term perspective lead to the weakening of the EU’s economic power and pose a challenge to political security. Technology transfer and the lack of reciprocity in the treatment of investors undermine the competitiveness of European economies and limit their development opportunities. Investments give Chinese companies access to strategic infrastructure and technologies that can be used by authorities to pursue their agenda. The expanding economic influences can also serve as an instrument of pressure on individual states to shape decision-making processes within the EU.

12

Efficiency evaluation method of using the material and technical resources in higher education institutes

88%

Vlasyuk T.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2015

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issue 3(18)

265-272

EN

The importance of education at the turn of the XXI century. Objective need to improve the quality, the role of education in society require reassessment of the components that form it. To conduct educational activities necessary labor, means of labor and objects of labor. Conditions of growth and the learning process and parameters defined outside the organization process. Educational activities carried higher education institution (HEI) in the totality of the factors involved in the educational process - those who teach and those who learn the place and conditions for training. Most of these conditions is economic. For example, place and conditions of the educational process (buildings, equipment, teaching aids, literature etc.) is the means of production. The teacher - a teacher, a master, laboratory, etc. - is a kind of labor. The subject of labor - a student, which is necessary to carry out a specific set of actions in a variety of forms, methods of educational process in order to get out of it with some desired product in the form of consumer properties workforce with the necessary competencies.

13

The Peculiarities of Economic Security in Cross-Border Territories

88%

levchuk v.

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego

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2013

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vol. 7

167-180

PL

Globalizacja stała się nieodłącznym czynnikiem współczesnego życia, co wpływa na polityczne, ekonomiczne, społeczne i kulturalne obszary życia na różnych jego poziomach. Jestpowszechnie wiadomo, że bezpieczeństwo narodowe zależy od bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego, a w szczególności w rejonach przygranicznych. W związku z powyższym, w artykule zaprezentowano metodologiczne podejście w odniesieniu do bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego na terytoriach przygranicznych w kontekście współpracy nadgranicznej, zagrożeń, czynników charakterystycznych oraz perspektyw ich wpływu na rozwój oraz umacnianie wzrostu ekonomicznego.

EN

Globalization has become an integral factor of modern life that influences political, economic, social and cultural spheres on its different levels. It is known that national security depends on economic security of the regions, especially cross-border ones. Therefore, this article presents basic approaches reflected in relations to economic security in cross-border territories in the context of transfrontal collaboration, threats, features and the prospects of their influence on the development and strengthening of economical growth.

14

Location of Innovative Enterprises within Urban Technology Park in the Context of Economic Security

75%

Rutkowska-Gurak A.

Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego

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2019

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vol. 33

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issue 1

36-49

EN

Turbulent environment is causing increasing risk and uncertainty affecting the functioning of enterprises. Therefore, the need for strengthening their economic security is of basic importance to them. The goal of this paper is to present the understanding of economic security of enterprises from the perspective of enterprises situated in urban technology parks. The topic is relevant and has not been widely discussed yet, particularly within the analysed context of local economic security. To accomplish this goal, the research uses the case study method to analyse Lublin Science and Technology Park (LSTP) and its local environment of the city of Lublin. The study is based on standardised questionnaire directed to enterprises located in LSTP. Empirical studies referring to perception of economic security of enterprises are based on information gained from enterprises located in Lublin with the status of tenants of LPNT, which are used as a base for a case study. The study confirms that location in a technology park which is innovative city’s space has a positive impact on economic security of enterprises. It also confirms the impact of the city on economic security of enterprises as city’s space users. It is attributable both to new enterprises located in the technology park, as well as enterprises relocated there from other areas of the city.

15

Strategic planning for sustainable development from the standpoint of economic security оn the example of the railway transport of Ukraine

75%

Kharazishvili Y., Shevchenko A.

Research Papers in Economics and Finance

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2018

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vol. 2

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issue 4

7-17

EN

The concept of strategic planning of sustainable development on the example of the railway transport of Ukraine from the standpoint of economic security, which includes methodology, methods and principles of research through the identification of the level of sustainable development, the definition of criteria, objectives and strategies for the modernisation of railway transport by using adaptive control techniques from control theory.

16

Struktura finansowania i koszt kapitału a innowacyjność przedsiębiorstw

75%

Bolesławski M., Nowakowski E. W.

Journal of Modern Science

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2017

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issue 3(34)

155-179

EN

Economic security of the country depends on participation in international trade of innovative solutions, patents, know-how, new technologies and products resulting from the use of advanced technologies. Research and development are the cornerstone of the elements of international exchange that can provide long-term economic security. In this case enterprises and their willingness to spend on research and development play a key role. Innovation is a basic element of competitive advantage, both qualitative as well as cost and information. Polish entrepreneurs get very good results thanks to the unified European market. The advantage initially concerned low wages, and then, with aid funds, was based on acquired technologies. The next step is to enter the realm of research and development. This is a new challenge for Polish companies. It involves the risk of research on the one hand and, on the other, the high cost of capital. This cost of capital should be minimized – with State aid in the form of grants or guarantees for money providers.

PL

Bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne kraju zależy od udziału w handlu międzynarodowym rozwiązaniami innowacyjnymi, patentami, know-how, nowymi technologiami oraz produktami powstającymi w wyniku stosowania zaawansowanych technologii. Badania i rozwój są podstawą tych elementów wymiany międzynarodowej, które mogą zapewnić długotrwałe bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne. Zasadniczą rolę odgrywają w tym przypadku przedsiębiorstwa i ich gotowość do ponoszenia nakładów na badania i rozwój. Innowacje stanowią podstawowy element przewagi konkurencyjnej, zarówno jakościowej, jak i kosztowej i informacyjnej. Polscy przedsiębiorcy uzyskują bardzo dobre wyniki dzięki jednolitemu rynkowi europejskiemu. Przewaga początkowo dotyczyła niskich kosztów płac, następnie dzięki funduszom pomocowym bazowała na nabywanych technologiach. Kolejny krok to wejście w sferę badań i rozwoju. To jest nowe wyzwanie dla polskich przedsiębiorstw. Wiąże się z jednej strony z ryzykiem badań, a z drugiej strony – wysokim kosztem kapitału. Ten koszt kapitału powinien być minimalizowany dzięki pomocy państwa w formie dotacji czy gwarancji dla dostarczycieli pieniądza

17

Energy Security of Polish Consumers in 2004–2021

75%

Gomółka K., Kasprzak P.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

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2022

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vol. 56

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issue 2

21-39

EN

Theoretical background: Energy security is one of the most important components of economic security. It is influenced not only by access to energy sources and the economic situation of the state and the individual consumer. The authors adopted the definition of energy security of an individual consumer as included in the UN report. It states that the energy security of an individual consumer is guaranteed when the average consumer has access to energy at all times, in various forms, in sufficient quantity and at a reasonable price, with the simultaneous development of support mechanisms for socially and economically sensitive consumers, and after implementation of independent mechanisms for resolving disputes with the energy company, which eliminate or at least alleviate the economic advantage of the enterprises.Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to present the impact of macroeconomic indicators of the Polish economy on the energy security of Polish consumers with a minimum and average monthly income. Detailed objectives include determining the possibility of purchasing by consumers with such income, diesel oil, Pb95 gasoline, LPG, electricity, heat and present changes in the energy security of individual consumers in the analyzed period (i.e. 2004–2021).Methods: The study covered Poland, country which joined the European Union in 2004. The period of the analysis described the years from 2004 to 2021. The source of the collected information was a review of the literature on the subject and statistical data. Descriptive, tabular and graphical methods, constant dynamic indicators were used for the analysis and presentation of the results.Main findings: The last two decades of the 21st century have brought Poland a number of positive socio-economic changes. The Polish economy noted that inflation remained at the level of National Bank of Poland’s expectations, increased trade, a marked decline in unemployment and rising wages, and thus a general increase in the quality of life as well as energy security of the individual consumer. The authors assumed that in the years of 2004–2021 the consumer had good access to energy, heat and other fuels. The supplies of energy resources were ensured by long-term contracts, including the Yamal contract, and the demand for heating coal was satisfied with the raw material largely mined in Poland. Heat, mainly in large clusters of people, was generated by coal-fired power plants. This raw material was also used by power plants. For heating their houses, individual consumers – mainly in the countryside – used gas or oil.

18

The Nigerian problems of development and human security

75%

Emina K. A.

Przestrzeń Społeczna

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2020

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vol. 1

|

issue 1/2020 (19)

187-205

EN

In the present age of globalisation, the threats to mankind not only arise from weapons of mass destruction and other conventional challenges but also arise from other serious issues, e.g. terrorism, secret cuts activities, homosexuals, trafficking in women and drug abuse. These issues can cause adverse effects on national security and the sustainable development of any nation in the age of globalisation. The present study examined the interwoven issues of human security and development in Nigeria. The paper asks and answers questions concerning to why the standard of living most Nigerians continues to shrink and the reasons why successive governments have been unable to lead the nation on the path of human security and development. The study analysed the changing concept of security parameters with special emphasis on the issues of human security and its relation to development. The data analysed during this research was gathered qualitatively from secondary sources, which included journals, books and publications from international and governmental organisations. The present study identified that the success of Nigeria’s economic re-engineering, depends on the government’s ability not only to push through macroeconomic reforms but also to address deeprooted socio-political issues. The study also recommends and suggests some suitable steps in promoting human security and in bringing all-round development to Nigeria. This research is carried out using critical analysis.

19

Implications of the China-Taiwan tensions for the international economic security

75%

Liber J.

Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka

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2023

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vol. LI

|

issue 2

41-52

EN

The economy of Taiwan began to take shape after the occupation of the island by Japan under the peace treaty with the Chinese Qing Empire in 1895. After that, Tokyo began to actively invest in the development of a new territory: railroads, factories and defense enterprises were built. In this way, an industrial base was created that Taiwan uses to this day. After Japan’s defeat in World War II, the island briefly returned to the Republic of China. However, there was a civil war in the country between the communists and nationalists, who rallied around Chiang Kai-shek, who eventually lost and withdrew to Taiwan with his associates. Taipei officially named the new state the “Republic of China” and has declared and continues to declare claims against the entire territory of China. Beijing, on the other hand, regularly declares that Taiwan is part of the People’s Republic of China and has announced its reunification with the “rebellious island”. The article deals with the economic consequences for the world economy resulting from the potential crisis between China and Taiwan. The subject is inspired by the dependence of the economies of many countries, including the United States and the European Union, on products supplied from the region of East Asia, especially by Taiwan, which in the event of a crisis in relations between conflicted countries may create threats to the international economic security.

20

Economic Statecraft in Polish Strategic Security Documents

75%

Głowacki P.

Polish Journal of Political Science

|

2023

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vol. 9

|

issue 1

21-31

EN

The aim of this article is to examine how interdependence of economic policy and social security is perceived in the strategic documents of the Polish government in the area of security and international politics. For the analyses, the author has employed the concepts of economic statecraft and geoeconomics. It has been found that the strategic documents in the area of security do perceive interdependence between politics and economics. Polish strategic documents treat economic factors as merely one of many aspects of security rather than being absolutely dominant. Therefore, those factors cannot be recognised as based on the geoeconomic paradigm. It is worth noting that the economic statecraft tool is not discussed in an in-depth manner – as a separate category of state instruments. Polish strategic documents suggest the awareness that such instruments are used by other states, e.g. Russia with respect to the area of energy. Polish strategic documents are primarily focused on the need to introduce safeguards against such threats – among other things by the application of defensive economic statecraft. The analyses carried out for this article failed to identify any proposals for the development of proprietary Polish economic leverages as an instrument of building up state power – offensive economic statecraft. The author recommends further in-depth research on the perception of interdependence between security and economic policy in other countries as well as popularisation of the concept of economic statecraft in Poland.

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Rola państwa w kształtowaniu lokalnego bezpieczeństwa energetycznego

Administrative Liability as Means of Ensuring Economic Security

Non-military determinants of the Russian Federation policy