The work is devoted to the analysis of the process of human life’s economization Processes taking place in the economic sphere nowadays, affect the social changes in the essential way, affect both the condition of an individual and on relationships between people. The main force of the socio-cultural transformation is scientific-technological progress, especially in the communication and transport as well as promoting the principles of governing the liberal market economy by global economic actors. Neo-liberal market economy and the values and attitudes associated with it (freedom, individualism, competition, mobility, flexibility, striving at all costs to success, especially material) affect the political sphere (economization of politics, marketization of democracy) cultural (the dominance of the commercialized consumer culture) and social (destruction of traditional social structures, disintegration, dehumanisation and commercialization of human relationships and cultural patterns). Commercialized consumer culture is accompanied with marketization and economization of all spheres of life and social relations. Every-thing could be buying: education, safety, care, treatment and longer life. Life itself is also commercializing, insurance companies, employers, companies offering on the market different goods and services assign a specific monetary value to life. People are judged by perspective of consumer behaviour, and products suited to the cultural meaning. Traditional values are replaced by market, commercial values.
Lack of progress has been the impulse to look into the causes of impasse in establishment of the International Climate Protection Regime. The present paper deals with the process of securitization and economization of security that can help to clarify the reasons behind this stagnation. Problems in international regulation does not lie in the aspects of the economy but above all in the different perception of energy and climate issues by citizens, which results in recognizing energy issues by leading emitters as standing higher in the hierarchy of objectives pursued by countries, than climate change. In this situation it will be very difficult to establish limits of CO2 emission. It seems that Green Economy and RES development thanks technological progress is the chance for climate protection rather because of economic reasons than ecologic ones.
PL
Brak postępu był impulsem do zbadania przyczyn impasu w stworzenie międzynarodowego reżimu ochrony klimatu. Niniejszej pracy zajmuje się procesu sekurytyzacji i ekonomizacji bezpieczeństwa, które mogą pomóc wyjaśnić przyczyny tej stagnacji. Problemy w ustanowieniu międzynarodowych regulacji nie leżą w aspekty gospodarki, ale przede wszystkim w różnych postrzegania energii i klimatu problemów przez obywateli, których wyniki w rozpoznawaniu problemów energii przez wiodących emitentów jako stojących wyżej w hierarchii celów realizowanych przez kraje, niż zmiany klimatu. W tej sytuacji będzie bardzo trudne ustalenie limitów emisji CO2. Wydaje się, że zielona gospodarka i OZE rozwoju dzięki postępowi technologicznemu jest szansą dla ochrony klimatu raczej z przyczyn ekonomicznych niż ekologiczne.
One of the most common and most frequently diagnosed trends in the development of social services in Poland and abroad in the last twothree decades is the increasing marketization of this sector, associated also with its economization, commercialization, privatization. The aim of the article is to show some of the risks and threats connected with this trend, such as segregation, fragmentation, bureaucratization, monopolization, financialization, or limited transparency of the process of provision of services. Highlighting the questionable aspects of marketization in the article stems from the fact that in discussions on contemporary changes in social policy they are raised — at least in Poland — far less often than the actual or supposed advantages of marketization of the realm.
PL
Jedną z najbardziej powszechnych i najczęściej diagnozowanych tendencji w rozwoju usług społecznych w Polsce i na świecie w ostatnich dwóch-trzech dekadach są nasilające się procesy urynkowienia tego sektora, łączone też z jego ekonomizacją, komercjalizacją, prywatyzacją. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie niektórych ryzyk i zagrożeń związanych z tym trendem, takich jak: segregacja, fragmentaryzacja, biurokratyzacja, monopolizacja, finansjalizacja czy ograniczona transparentność procesu świadczenia usług. Wyeksponowanie w tym tekście niekorzystnych aspektów marketyzacji wynika z faktu, iż w rozważaniach nad współczesnymi przemianami w polityce społecznej są one podnoszone - przynajmniej w Polsce – o wiele rzadziej aniżeli rzeczywiste lub domniemane zalety urynkowienia tej sfery.
In his article, Dariusz Żółtowski discusses the situation of the school in the contemporary world. He looks closely at reading in the context of the developing economization of reality. He suggests linking the conclusions provided by anthropology of culture and philosophy in the traditional school.
Autorka podejmuje rozważania na temat wpływu nowych mediów na system gramatyczny polszczyzny. Przedmiotem analizy jest nominatywizacja42 rozumiana jako zastępowanie form przypadków zależnych przez formę mianownika we fleksji zarówno nazw własnych, jak i rzeczowników pospolitych. Źródłem analizowanego materiału są wypowiedzi zamieszczane przez internautów na portalach społecznościowych (Facebook, Twitter), posty publikowane na forach dyskusyjnych oraz reklamy sieciowe.
EN
The author discusses the impact of new media on the grammar system of Polish. The subject of the analysis is nominatization, understood as the replacement of the dependent case forms by the denominator form in the inflection of both common names and nouns. The source of the analyzed material are statements posted by the Internet users on social networks (Facebook, Twitter), posts posted on discussion forums and network ads.
Le università sono un supporto intellettuale delle società, un importante elemento della loro continuità ed un luogo dove viene creata cultura. Questo implica loro doveri, responsabilità, e ciò è per loro fonte di autorità. Oggigiorno, comunque, le università devono affrontare nuove sfide. Una di queste è l’economizzarsi dei valori nel mondo, un fenomeno che affligge anche le università: esse cessano di interpretare il ruolo di essere luogo dove plasmare standard morali, risolvendo conflitti sociali. Peraltro, un’università la cui missione è limitata ad insegnamento e ricerca non è sufficiente. Le università cattoliche non possono funzionare come le cosiddette “università‑azienda” – si suppone che l’università lavori al servizio della prosperità della società e per adempiere alle sue funzioni storiche, scientifiche e di creazione della cultura. Le università cattoliche hanno aspirato, fin dal principio, a svolgere questi compiti, sia in ambito sociale che internazionale. Nel realizzarsi di questa missione bisogna anche tener ferma la nostra identità dando testimonianza dei valori cristiani. In questo caso, una solida cognizione del contenuto della cristianità sembra ovvia. I progressi della civilizzazione contemporanea non portano comprensione, felicità o liberazione dai desideri inappagati. La loro realizzazione passa esclusivamente dal riconoscimento di tutte le dimensioni dell’umanità e sostenendo uno sviluppo armonioso dello spirito umano.
EN
Universities are an intellectual support of the society, an important element of its continuity and a space where the culture is created. This implies their duties, responsibilities and this is the source of their authority. Nowadays, however, universities face new challenges. One of them is economization of the world’s values, a phenomenon which afflicts universities as well: they cease to play their role of being a place of shaping moral standards, solving social conflicts. However, a mission of university limited to teaching and conducting research is not sufficient enough. Catholic universities cannot function as so called “enterprising universities – university is supposed to work for the prosperity of society and fulfill its historical, scientific and culture‑creating functions. Catholic universities, from the very beginning, pretended to fulfill these tasks, in both social and international dimensions. While realizing this mission we must also care for keeping our own identity and bearing witness to christian values. In this case, solid cognition of the content of Christianity seems obvious. Achievements of contemporary civilization do not bring understanding, happiness or liberation from unfulfilled desires. They can be achieved only by recognizing all dimensions of humanity and by supporting harmonious development of human spirit.
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