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In the article the author’s attention is focused on the representation of the spread in the EU classification of groups of methods of training and education, disclosure of the main methods of sex education of pupils. Their detailed description is given on the basis of conceptual and comparative analysis; analysis of the native and foreign experience, conceptual approaches to the study of the problems of sex education of students in the EU, as well as ordering and analyzing the facts of input data sources, journal publications, making it possible to identify the main methods of sex education, such as lectures, conversation, discussion, promotion, punishment, approval, support, methods of control and self-control, a method of creating educational situations, active method (unfinished sentence, writing essays on given topic; complete works on the same principle, “writing reviews” on the articles on sexual topics, etc.), interactive methods and project method, or “brainstorming” methods of working with printed text, and others. It is determined that sexual education of students, preparing them for adult life and responsible parenthood will be effective when the student turns actively in the learning and training process and consciously makes his choices concerning the proposed arsenal of ways to achieve the goals of sex education. The task of the teacher is the construction of such a concept of studies, which would cause emotional factor, openness of the teacher and his judgment in this situation are the most important for this process. As revealed, analyzed methods of sex education are aimed at students’ mastering modern knowledge, skills and attitudes of sex-stuying nature of the sexual-experience decision-making in relation to persons of the other sex and efficient resolution of the problems encountered in the process of interpersonal relationships. An important factor in this favor is creativity in teaching the public around the EU to improve the already recognized in the practice of sexual education of students and implementing new, innovative methods, forms and means of instruction and education of the younger generation.
EN
In the article in chronological sequence, on the basis of many worked out historical and archival sources, formation of the education system in the southern Ukrainian lands, which began in the 1780s, is highlighted. The disputable issue of the existence of Kherson Maritime Cadet Corps is characterized, which is confirmed by the fact of the order of Empress Catherine II in 1783, the year when the Black Sea Fleet was founded in Kherson – the “sea gate” of the Black Sea. The author states that there are many different opinions about the existence of the Kherson Cadet Corps, and all the authors mentioned in our article are unanimous in one thing – in Kherson during 1783–1796 there was training of marine specialists of the full spectrum: from shipbuilders to specialists in the operation of ships at sea. From the end of the XVIII to the beginning of the XIX century there was formation of the education institutions of the marine profile with different conditions for getting education. Therefore, it is interesting that this was the impetus for opening in 1798 for the needs of the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets and St. Petersburg and Black Sea Admiralty of “Schools for navigator students and students of ship architecture”: in Kronstadt and Nikolaiev – navigators’, in St. Petersburg and Kherson – ship architecture. The first director of the ship architecture school was the captain of the 1st rank I. Ovtsyn, who at the same time served as the captain of the Kherson port. Major changes in the activities of the school took place during 1801–1805, when it was managed by vice-admiral Mark Voinovych – a member of the Black Sea Admiralty Board. In 1805, with the appointment of a new director – vice-admiral N. Yazykov, the school also changed. The author concluded about the establishment of the education institutions of the marine profile in the southern Ukrainian lands in the XVIII – the beginning of the XIX century and the author’s perspectives on further study of the deep processes of marine education development.
EN
In the article the author considers recent trends in teacher education and pedagogical mastery, issues of carrying out improvements to the teacher training system in European countries, analyzes programmes of cooperation in education that facilitate forming of teachers’ professional competency, studies typical problems in teacher education in Europe and possible ways for its improving. Based on the study of European experience in teacher training the author has concluded that lecturers are extremely interested in identifying the patterns of teacher training and pedagogical mastery as a theoretical, methodological and practical problem and has justified the importance of the structural organization and modernization of teacher professional training in higher education, the development of new forms in relations between the teacher training system and higher education institutions, which are based on systematic, scientific, interdisciplinary approaches and the idea of continuity. The importance of special cooperation projects in teacher education launched in the European Union in terms of pedagogical mastery has been emphasized in the article. The author also focuses attention on new ways of solving the existing problems in developing the professional competency of students obtaining teacher education as well as the development of pedagogical mastery. There have been described main directions in the functioning of European countries’ teacher training systems that can be useful in identifying development trends in teacher education in Ukraine, namely, teacher education based on worldwide recognized researches, the shift in orientation of the teacher education philosophy: from quantity to quality, clearly defined educational standards as well as criteria for their assessment, the review of procedures for accrediting teacher training institutions, the use of multimedia technologies.
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