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PL
Plato who is an excellent expert of the human nature, makes the subject of his interest the old age and the life of the people of advanced age as well. The reflection on the fate of the old people is not the main subject of deliberation in the Plato’s dialogues but appears mainly in the context of the social and political conception of the ideal state. The issues connected with the life and function of the old people in social structures are the subject of the discussion e.g. in the Laws. Plato presents not only his theoretical deliberation about the old age but also makes the old men the interlocutors in his dialogues to depict the portrait of the members of the oldest social group and to portrait their attitude to life and the passing of time. Cephalus who resigned himself to his fate in the Republic, three old men who make an effort to enact the just code of laws in the Platonic Laws, or old Socrates, who in the Crito and Phaedo waits for the death penalty, faithful to his ideals to the end of his days. These are only a few examples of the elderly people, presented by philosopher, who become embedded in the memory of the readers of the Platonic dialogues. The aim of this article is to provide the answers to the questions, how is the old age perceived by Plato and what social role the elderly people fulfill in his idealisticconception of the state. I will also consider the way in which Plato portrayed the old people who were the main characters in the Republic and Laws.
PL
„Filipinka” była najpopularniejszym czasopismem adresowanym do dziewcząt i młodych kobiet w okresie Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej. Czasopismo uznawane było za „młodsze dziecko” redakcji „Kobiety i Życia”, a jego pierwsze wydanie ukazało się w 1957 r. W „Filipince” bardzo ważna pozostawała więź zespołu redakcyjnego z czytelniczkami. Redakcja otrzymywała codziennie setki listów, na wszystkie skrupulatnie odpisywała i nie stroniła od wyrażania opinii i udzielania rad w sprawach najbardziej intymnych, związanych z okresem dojrzewania. „Filipinka” prowadziła także szeroko rozumiane poradnictwo. Każde wydanie wypełnione było zagadnieniami związanymi z modą, urodą, wyglądem zewnętrznym czy zdrowiem. Redakcja „Filipinki” edukowała młode kobiety na wielu płaszczyznach życia osobistego i społecznego. W niniejszym artykule omówiono problematykę związaną z edukacją, nauką i kształceniem dziewcząt. Zatem starano się ukazać rolę edukacyjną pełnioną przez „Filipinkę” w sposób dosłowny. W czasopiśmie wiele miejsca poświęcono na publikowanie materiałów prasowych, dostarczających aktualnych informacji o wymogach rekrutacyjnych do szkół i na uczelnie wyższe. Z drugiej strony natomiast, poprzez zamieszczanie konkretnych tekstów prasowych, na łamach „Filipinki” upowszechniano określony wzór osobowy młodej kobiety – ambitnej, sumiennej uczennicy i studentki, a w dalszej perspektywie – zaangażowanej i oddanej pracownicy zawodowej.
EN
Filipinka was the most popular magazine addressed to girls and young women during the Polish People’s Republic. The journal was recognized as the “younger child” of the editorial office of Kobieta i Życie [Women and Life], and its first edition was published in 1957. In Filipinka, the bond between the editorial team and the readers was very important. The editorial office received hundreds of letters a day, and meticulously replied to all of them and did not shy away from expressing opinions and giving advice on the most intimate matters related to adolescence. Filipinka also provided widely understood counseling. Each issue was filled with issues related to fashion, beauty, external appearance and health. The editorial board of Filipinka educated young women on many levels of personal and social life. This article discusses issues related to education and science. Therefore, attempts were made to present the educational role played by the Filipinka in a literal way. In the journal, a lot of space was devoted to publishing press materials, providing actual information on recruitment requirements for schools and universities. On the other hand, by publishing specific press texts, a specific model of a young woman was disseminated in the pages of Filipinka – an ambitious, conscientious schoolgirl and student, and in the longer term – a committed and dedicated professional worker.
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