In the paper the author considered estimation of efficiency, which measures the ability of the company to obtain the maximum output from given inputs. The analysis has been carried out by using deterministic method (on the example of the DEA method, Data Envelopment Analysis). The two-step procedure was proposed, namely the returns to scale were specified in the sample and, basing on that, the efficiency of individual enterprises was assessed. In the paper the data from the companies of a key food processing sector in Poland, namely the meat processing, was used. The analysis covered the period 2006–2011, the sample covered from 195 up to 210 enterprises (depending on the analyzed year).
The article presents an efficiency evaluation for teaching and research in Polish institutions of higher education. Thirty one public universities in Poland were studied using the nonparametric DEA method from 2001 to 2008. Teaching outcomes were evaluated by the numbers of full-time and part-time graduates, while research activities were assessed by number of publications, citations and value of research grants. The scores for teaching and research efficiency were negatively correlated, which could indicate a trade-off between teaching and research activities.
This paper presents the results of comparative research carried out at the Institute of Technology and Business in České Budejovice (ITB) into the foreign language knowledge of students according to different teaching methods. At the Institute, traditional teaching methods (with a real teacher) are applied, supported by the use of information and communication technologies. The research demonstrated that the results from both forms of teaching were comparable, thereby proving that ICT can contribute positively to the development of the professional language skills of students in higher education. The latest technologies have the capacity to influence both the learning environment and the learners themselves, including the way they collect and process information and form new knowledge. If applied appropriately, new technologies can substantially support this process.
Purpose: Eco-innovation appears to be at the very heart of the European Union policy. It is of crucial importance for both single companies and the whole economic systems. At the same time eco-innovation is driven by the countless factors. Thus the purpose of the present research was to indicate the determinants of the efficiency of eco-innovation. Design/methodology/approach: The research relied on the systematic literature studies performed with the use of SALSA (Search, AppraisaL, Synthesis, Analysis) method. It focused on the papers published between January 2000 and June 2016. A total of 469 publications were examined selected form Scopus database. The precise appraisal procedure allowed indicating the ones including the determinants of the efficiency of eco-innovation. Findings: The studies of literature allowed indicating a total of 24 determinants. Moreover the results indicate that the determinants of the efficiency of eco-innovation may be divided based on two criteria. The first includes costs-related and revenues-related determinants. The second includes strategic and operational levels. Research limitations/implications Together eleven publications were omitted in the research due to their incompletion or inaccessibility. Practical implications: Stimulating eco-innovation seems vital for all companies. Delivering a comprehensive set of the determinants of its efficiency will support executives in managing eco-innovation. Originality/value: The paper attempts to fulfil the research gap concerning the determinants of the efficiency of eco-innovation.
PL
Cel badań Ekoinnowacje leżą w samym sercu polityki Unii Europejskiej, co jest szczególnie istotne zarówno dla pojedynczych spółek jak i całych systemów ekonomicznych. Jednocześnie, ekoinnowacje zależą od niezliczonej liczby czynników, stąd też celem podjętych badań było wskazanie determinant warunkujących efektywność ekoinnowacji. Metodologia badań Badania przeprowadzono w oparciu o systematyczny przegląd literatury z wykorzystaniem metody SALSA (Search, AppraisaL, Synthesis, Analysis). Skoncentrowano się na artykułach opublikowanych między styczniem 2000 a czerwcem 2016 roku, łącznie przeanalizowano 469 publikacji korzystając z bazy danych Scopus. Szczegółowe badania pozwoliły na określenie tych, które dotyczyły czynników warunkujących efektywność ekoinnowacji. Wyniki badań Studia literaturowe wskazały 24 determinant. Ponadto, wyniki badań pozwoliły na dokonanie podziału czynników określających efektywność ekoinnowacji według dwóch następujących kryteriów: zależnych od kosztów i przychodów, oraz na poziomie operacyjnym i strategicznym. Ograniczenia badań Łącznie 11 publikacji zostało pominiętych w badaniu z uwagi na ich niekompletność lub niedostępność. Zastosowanie praktyczne przeprowadzonych badań Stymulowanie ekoinnowacji ma szczególne znaczenie dla wszystkich przedsiębiorstw. Zestawienie czynników warunkujących efektywność ekoinnowacji może wspierać kierownictwo w ich zarządzaniu. Oryginalność/znaczenie przeprowadzonych badań Praca wypełnia lukę badawczą w zakresie czynników warunkujących efektywność ekoinnowacji.
Background: Significant scope of enterprise's efficiency management is improving of material management process both the strategic and operational level. The complexity of material flow processes can lead to a threat such as distraction and disintegration of analysis focusing on many different factors influenced on effective sourcing and procurement management, transport and warehousing processes, inventory management, working capital and cash flow management. Material and methods: The presented article focuses on multidimensional and multi-criteria analysis of material management efficiency that is considered as decision support system. Authors have presented results of the research regarding ineffective material management confirm insufficient analytical supporting in various decisions of procurement operations. Results and conclusions: Based on research results authors presented in the article model of efficiency analysis system of material management.
The article discusses the importance of evaluation in shaping effective public policies. Its purpose is to answer the question of whether and in what conditions evaluations can be a tool for improving the efficiency of public policies. The article has a theoretical nature and is based on studies of both domestic and foreign literature. The analysis presented in the paper shows that from a theoretical point of view the evaluation (along with its methodology and analytical tools) can be an effective instrument for improving the efficiency of public policies. In practice, however, this efficiency mainly depends on such factors as: the model of governance or the mentality of public administration representatives.
The article presents research results on the assessment of an efficiency of selected socially responsible organizations. The key of selection of entities for the research was Respect index introduced by the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Of the 25 organizations included in the index for the analysis organizations from the banking sector were selected. Efficiency assessment was made using DEA method with an application of input oriented CCR model. In the research, the input was represented by the level of employment (in persons), and the result was represented by an amount of loans and advances (in thous. zl). Apart from the division of banks into efficient and inefficient, for inefficient banks, optimal technologies were defined. These banks in order to improve their efficiency should decrease the level of employment. This applies in particular to Bank Handlowy in Warsaw, where the current result in the form of loans and advances could be reached by about 50% lower input.
The article is devoted to the study of peculiarities of the formation mechanism of state regulation of business. We studied the factors that affect entrepreneurial activity. Substantiated proposals to improve the efficiency of business regulation.
In recent years sport and physical activities in any form, including dance, are becoming more and more popular. As a result, there are many dance schools on the market. To stay on the market and acquire customers, dance schools use a variety of marketing communication tools. The aim of this article is to analyse the efficiency and effectiveness of marketing communication instruments applied by one of Kraków dance schools – the Elita Dance Center. The methods implemented in this paper included case study, quantitative analysis of the data and interview. The data used in this article include the data on the activities of the dance school Elita Dance Center, as well as the results of research conducted by interview among the customers of this school. The Elita Dance Center is an efficient company. With each season it acquires more and more customers. However, the activities of marketing communication are not very productive. Promotion costs are increasing faster than the number of clients and income from the dance classes.
The analysis of the dependence network consists in the calculation of dates and time reserves of subsequent events, and then on the calculation of the time stocks during the execution of particular activities. In the dependency network, it is possible to calculate the earliest and the latest possible date of occurrence of each event and the possible reserve of time. Thanks to this, we will learn the stock of time related to individual activities. Those activities that do not have a stock of time (that is, the reserve is equal to zero) are called critical activities. All critical activities in the dependence network create a critical path. We will not have any stock of time on the entire critical path (from the event of the initial linking network to the final event). What's the conclusion? Activities that are on the critical path must be made at the scheduled time, because it will decide on keeping the deadline for the entire undertaking.
The purpose of the article is to present the use of network DEA for evaluating the efficiency of Polish universities. Network DEA assessment of operating efficiency of universities was compared with the single stage DEA results that focus on teaching efficiency, research efficiency and aggregate performance. The study presented in the paper – though limited in scope – shows that biggest Polish universities are diversified in regard to the efficiency of their performance.
The main goal of the paper is to present an idea of the Data Envelopment Analysis model and its potential as a method of evaluation of economic sectors efficiency. An empirical part is concentrated on the use of the DEA model to assess efficiency of the construction industry in Poland from 1999 to 2007. The first part of the article addresses the concept of DEA (CCR model) and the next section presents data and results of the analysis. To obtain the outcomes DEA solver software was applied.
This paper explores the issue of efficiency in Southern European banking by applying the Fourier functional form and the stochastic cost frontier approach in calculating inefficiencies for a large sample of Southern European banks between 1997 and 2003. The findings suggest that the largest sized banks are generally the least efficient, while the smallest sized banks are the most efficient. The strongest economies of scale are displayed by Spanish banks, while the weakest economies of scale are reported by Greek banks. The findings suggest that medium-sized banks report the strongest economies of scale, and the largest and smallest banks weaker economies of scale (ranging between 3,5% and 7%). Therefore, the notion that economies of scale increase with bank size cannot be confirmed. The impact of technical change in reducing bank costs (generally about 3% and 4% per annum) appears to systematically increase with bank size. The largest banks reap greater benefits from technical change. Overall, the results indicate that the largest banks in the sample enjoy greater benefits from technical progress, although they do not have scale economy and efficiency advantages over smaller banks.
One of the most important criteria dividing countries on developed and developing is technological level of the economy which is a derivative of R&D. We showed in the article, that only a rather small group of voivodships was characterized by a full efficiency of converting the expenditure into effects. Low values of efficiency indices pay attention for all ineffective provinces. It won’t be possible to say about none of them, that it found near the efficiency border which accompanied by large differences between decision making units. The non-radial DEA model showed that both the internal expenditures (in converting into the thousand residents) and the personnel employed in the R+D work are not used efficiently and what’s more in the considerable degree wherein a first of said inputs research units managed by a little more effectively.
Technological know-how is a very significant determinant of success that can primarily depend on a systemic, integrated approach to Technology management (TM), on a well-defined and implemented technology strategy, but also on adequate overall socio-environmental characteristics of the technological system. The main tasks of integrated TM are to ensure systematic monitoring, analysis, planning, organizing, controlling, assessment, and effective use of the technological system to more effectively integrate it into a functional entity and to support also other related business goals and processes. This article deals with the specification of key parts of the TM integration with the particular emphasis on the selected specifics of the best technology-integrated companies in the world.
The concept of National Innovation System (NIS) is explored from the perspective of its propensity for formalization. It is observed that there are problems with formalization (measurement) of NIS and consequently, deficiency in assessment of efficiency of pro-innovative ventures. Based on an overview of the literature, subsystems of NIS are identified and the leading topics within these subsystems are presented. Results of this study are believed to create the platform for formalization of NIS.
The paper reviews the efficiency of food subsidy in Indonesia based on cost structure analysis. Using the comparison between cost of good of government and cost of good of National Logistics Board appointed to manage and channel the subsidy. The level of efficiency has decreased in the recent years because of increase in costs of exploitation, management cost and interest expense. It is suggested that government has to determine the cut-off point as a feasibility assessment of cost of subsidy.
This paper presents the initial results of a significant research project conducted under the IOC PhD Student Research Grant Program with the support of the Hungarian Olympic Committee. Macro- and meso-level analyses were conducted within the framework of this research to analyze the competitive position of the Hungarian elite sport policy system. In the following, an essential part of the research will be presented with the aim of modeling the efficiency of the Hungarian sport funding system as the increasingly international sporting competition forces governments to invest more money in elite sport development just so they can maintain their elite sport success as the supply of medals remains basically constant. Due to these diminishing returns to the scale of investment, an elite sporting system with an efficient structure will be key in future sporting success. Data collection was based on information gained through a general questionnaire and interviews with the main stakeholders of national sport federations and the Hungarian Olympic Committee, which is the main governing body of Hungarian high-performance sport. Data collection focused on the sixteen prioritized sport federations and the five team sports that benefited from a tax relief system. Secondary data were collected regarding the national public funding for sport, elite sport, and sport by sport since 2006, and Gracenote’s database was used to analyze historical performance in the different disciplines and compare Hungarian performance with that of other countries. This research will provide information to policy makers about the competitive position of Hungary in elite sport and, in this respect, explore the critical success factors that will allow Hungary to assess how best to manage its future success in an increasingly competitive international environment.
The systemic transformation in Poland, aimed, among others, at activating market mechanisms, has resulted in a change in the ownership structure and privatization that has accompanied it. Privatization processes are commonly considered to be principally motivated by an increase in efficiency of the economy based on the assumption that efficiency of private enterprises is higher than that of public sector ones. The main aim of the article is to verify the above hypothesis. An analysis of efficiency of public and private sector enterprises, taking into account their organizational and legal forms, made on the basis of Central Statistical Office information, confirmed the above hypothesis. Private enterprises use their assets better and take advantage of the financial leverage mechanism to a larger extent. It should be emphasized, however, that private enterprises are more adversely affected by economic fluctuations caused by the crisis.
Celem artykułu było porównanie wybranych wskaźników sprawności w sektorach niefinansowych w Polsce oraz próba pokazania sektorowego zróżnicowania tych wskaźników. Ponieważ badania objęły lata 2006-2010, artykuł ukazał, czy i w jakim stopniu na sprawność badanych sektorów oddziaływał kryzys finansowy. W artykule podjęto również próbę ustalenia zależności liniowych między wskaźnikami sprawności a wskaźnikami rentowności i płynności finansowej z wykorzystaniem współczynnika korelacji liniowej Pearsona.
EN
The paper aims at comparing selected efficiency ratios in non-financial sectors in Poland and at revealing the differentiation of the ratios in these sectors. As the research comprises years 2006-2010, the paper shows whether the financial crisis has had an impact on the efficiency of the researched sectors and what is its extent. The paper makes an attempt to establish a linear dependency between efficiency ratios and profitability and financial liquidity ratios by means of Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient.
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