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1
100%
PL
Sola Scriptura – oto hasło, które stało się jednym z wyznaczników protestanckiej reformy chrześcijaństwa. Oczywistą konsekwencją realizacji tego wezwania było zwrócenie się ku pogłębionym studiom biblijnym. Studia te doprowadziły jednak po części do rezultatów, których zwolennicy prostego hasła otwierającego ten artykuł raczej nie mogli się spodziewać, a mianowicie do dowartościowania Tradycji wspólnoty wiary. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przyjrzenie się dwóm systemom metodologicznym we współczesnej interpretacji biblijnej, które wychodząc od studiów ściśle biblijnych, ponownie odkryły i dowartościowały Tradycję.
2
100%
The Biblical Annals
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1985
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vol. 32
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issue 1
19-32
PL
Gestützt auf Angaben der nordwestsemitischen Philologie untenimmt der Autor eine Rekonstruktion des Textes Dt 33 und datiert ihn auf die Zeit vor den Königen. Die die Hymne zu Ehren Jahwes einleitende Theophanie enthält Anspielungen auf die Etappen der Wanderung Israels vom Sinai bis ins Gelobte Land. Das Bild Jahwes als Krieger und die archaischen göttlichen Beinamen zeugen von der Kenntnis der kanaanäischen Kultur und Mythologie, aus der der biblische Poet in seinem Lobpreis des einzigen Gottes und Erlösers Israels reichlich schöpft. Der Schluss des Artikels zeigt die Reinterpretation des Łiedes in der griechischen Bibel und in den Schriften des Neuen Testaments auf.
The Biblical Annals
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1980
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vol. 27
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issue 1
43-51
PL
A critico-literary, exegetic and theological analysis of Amos 8,11-12 has brought the author to the conclusion, that prophet Amos in his threat has prognosticated God’s punishment which will be caused by the nation itself because of their rejection of the grace allowing them to understand Jahwe’s instruction and to recognize the sense of God’s interference with the history of mankind. The author sees a confirmation of her conclusions in the text of Isa. 6,9-10.
EN
The article is written reflection on the Thomas’s commentary to the first verse of Romans carried under the direction of the author by Fr. Pavel Habrovec, Fr. Marcin Kaznowski SDB, Marek Kostur, Beata Marek, Magdalena Marek, Agnieszka Piskozub-Piwosz, Fr. Rafał Wilkołek. The author used in the article all the written statements of the participants. The formal aspect of the analysis determined the four questions: 1. What is Revelation and how does it happen? 2. What is the relationship between God’s word and the written text? 3. What is the relationship of the text of Scripture to the person of Christ? 4. What is (therefore) the correct reading of the text?
PL
Artykuł stanowi pisemne opracowanie przemyśleń po dyskusji nad komentarzem Tomasza do pierwszego wersetu Listu do Rzymian, którą pod kierunkiem autora prowadzili: ks. Pavel Habrovec, ks. Marcin Kaznowski SDB, Marek Kostur, Beata Marek, Magdalena Marek, Agnieszka Piskozub-Piwosz, ks. Rafał Wilkołek. Autor wykorzystał w artykule wszystkie spisane wypowiedzi uczestników, starając się oddać raczej ostateczny owoc, konsensus w rozumieniu komentowanego fragmentu niż indywidualny wkład poszczególnych osób. Formalny aspekt analizy wyznaczały cztery pytania: 1. Czym jest Objawienie i jak się dokonuje? 2. Jaka jest relacja między słowem Boga a tekstem spisanym? 3. W jakim stosunku pozostaje tekst Pisma do osoby Chrystusa? 4. Jaka jest (wobec tego) poprawna lektura tekstu?
EN
The aim of these article is to present the more important rules of Jewish exegesis developed mainly by Hillel on the example of a commentary on the Song of the Songsof Abraham Ibn Ezra and Luis de León. The text tries to show how traditional Jewishhermeneutics is used in the innovative commentaries of a scholar from Tudela from the XIth century and a theologian from Belmonte from the XVIth century and how the first infl uenced the second. Interpretative methods developed in the most important centers of Judaic thought of the beginning of our era have been used for centuries to explain biblical texts, especially such as Song of Songs, which is recognized by both Old Testament and New Testament commentators as one of the most diffi cult and most mystical Scriptures.
Vox Patrum
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2012
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vol. 57
659-665
EN
Jerome, like most of the early Christian exegetes (Origen, Didymus the Blind, Hilarius of Poitiers, Ambrose, Augustine), respected Philo of Alexandria as a spe­cialist in the field of spiritual exegesis of the Old Testament and called him vir doctissimus Iudaeorum. In his letters and biblical commentaries Jerome used the knowledge on the liturgical vestments of the high priest and their symbolism that can be found in the writings of Philo. However, Jerome probably didn’t use direct­ly his biblical commentaries, but took their content through the works of Origen, in which Philo's ideas have been christianized. The admiration for the person and work of Philo, which can be compared only to that showed in the East by Didymus the Blind, resulted in St. Jerome a certain lack of criticism. In De viris inlustribus Jerome too hastily considered Philo as a thinker deserved for the development of Christianity and attributed to him the works of which he was not the author.
EN
Although Peter seems to echo the opinion commonly held when he says that Jesus „went about doing good” (Act 10, 38), Jesus was accused of „casting out demons by Beelzebub, the ruler of the demons” (Mt 12, 24). In answer, he pro­poses a very short parable, the one of the „Strong one” tied up to seize his goods (Mt 12, 29). The present article studies the influence of this verse in the early Christian literature. The victory of the Saviour over evil is interpreted as the result of a cosmic fight (Origen) or as the merciful redemption of the human being and his restoration and vivification by the Holy Spirit (Irenaeus).
Vox Patrum
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1987
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vol. 12
325-335
EN
Hoc in brevi articulo expositum est, quomodo locutiones ac ideae Joannis evangelistae in selectis scriptis (Epistola Clementis Romani ad Corinthios, Epistolae Ignatii Antiocheni, Epistola Barnabae) mutuatae sint.
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1974
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vol. 21
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issue 1
85-94
PL
Dieses Kapitel des Johannes-Evangeliums zählt zu den in formeller und sächlich-exegetischer Hinsicht umstrittensten Teilen. Es wird eine Antwort auf die Fragen nach dem Zusammenhang des Gebetes mit den Abschiedsreden gesucht. ferner nach dem „Sitz im Leben” der Jesusworte und nach ihrer Beziehung zur historischen Tätigkeit Jesu. Das Hauptanliegen des Artikels geht auf die theologische Tragweite der hier geäusserten Gedanken über die Einheit und Liebe aus. Die christologischen, ja trinitarischen Motive weisen auf eine reife theologische Überlegung hin und geben wenigstens teilweise die Probleme der johanneischen kirchlichen Gemeinde wieder. Die Gotteserkenntnis durch den Glauben ist der direkte Weg zum ewigen Leben, aber ein Weg, der durch Christus führt. Eine Voraussetzung zur Bewährung des christlichen Glaubens ist das „Bleiben” in Jesus. Die johanneische Sprache erinnert deutlich an die zeitgenössische (prä)gnostische und qumranische Redeweise, unterscheidet sich aber von diesen durch die christologische Begründung; überdies wird in der Vereinigung des Christen mit Gott der Unterschied zwischen dem Geschöpf und Gott keineswegs verwischt, wie es im hermetischen Schrifttum geschieht. Nichtsdestoweniger erhält der Christ durch seinen Herr einen direkten Zugang zu Gott und wird zugleich von den verhängnisvollen Einflüssen der Welt befreit. Eine besondere Bedeutung im Prozess der Weltverwandlung für Christus kommt der Heiligkeit zu; ihr Träger wird der Paraklet, der Geist der Wahrheit sein Die zumeist fördernde Kraft der kirchlichen Einheit bildet die Liebe nach dem Vorbild des innentrinitarishen Lebens.
The Biblical Annals
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1979
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vol. 26
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issue 1
5-12
PL
The first commandment of the Decalogue contains a general part (Exod. 20,3; Deut. 5,7), and the detailed part (Exod. 20,4-6; Deut. 5,8-10). The general part expresses the truth, that the object of worship must be transcendent, so it can only be God. The detailed part forbids making pictures of Jahwe, since figurativeness in the worship can lead to negation of absolute transcendence of God against the world. The transcendence of God Jahwe more than monotheism differentiates the religion of the Old Testament from the religion of the Antient East.
11
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PL
The paper deals with a history of the interpretations of the texts of the New Testament. It tells us about their creation and development as well as presents the results of this process. The first part reveals subsequent stages of the practical application of the exegesis (and even traces of there being some comments in the NT as to earlier tradition) from the post-apostolic time until the Middle Ages. The second, however, concentrates on the stages of the development of a scientific interpretation of the NT’s text, taking into account the factors which stimulated it. This part spans over the period from humanism until Vatican Council II and also takes into account the repercussions which its teaching has brought about.
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1967
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vol. 14
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issue 1
5-18
PL
L’article est consacré à l’analyse du seul chapitre cinq de la Constitution Dogmatique sur la Révélation. Cette analyse permet de mettre en valeur les points suivants: 1) Le document souligne souvent et de façon décisive l’historicité des Evangiles mais il laisse la possibilité de la comprendre dans un sens assez large; 2) Dans la formation de la tradition évangélique les éléments suivants, d’après le document, ont joué un rôle très important: les besoins religieux de la communauté primitive, le niveau intellectuel des fidèles et les idées maîtresses de chaque évangéliste; 3) Le document permet donc de profiter de toutes les données positives de la Formgeschichte tout en signalant les dangers que comporte une application immodérée de cette méthode; 4) On constate aussi que le salut des hommes doit être attribué non seulement à la passion et à la mort du Christ mais aussi à sa résurrection, à son ascension et à sa session à la droite du Père.
The Biblical Annals
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1984
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vol. 31
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issue 1
43-59
PL
Der vorliegende Artikel bildet den Versuch einer Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist das eigentlich, das Wort Jahwes? Woran soll der Mensch die darin enthaltene göttliche Wirklichkeit erkennen? Auf welche Weise offenbart es sich in der Zeitlichkeit, in der gegenwärtigen, d.h. irdischen Welt? Den Ausgangspunkt, das Material, das die Grundlage für unsere Betrachtungen darstellt, bilden ausgewählte Prophetenworte über des eigene Volk. Sie wurden in drei Themengruppen gegliedert. Ihre Analyse führte zu folgenden Schlussfolgerungen: debar Jhwh ist eine übernaturliche und irdische, göttliche und menschliche Wirklichkeit zugleich, welche durch Sicht und Gehör erfassbar ist. Oft tragen menschliche Worte und Taten zu ihm bei, ohne Rücksicht auf die Beziehung, welche ihr Autor zu Gott, dem Schöpfer und Erlöser, hat aber Gottes dābār sind auch die Werke der göttlichen Vorsehung, d.h. solche Ereignisse, die allein dem Herrn des Weltalls zugeschrieben werden können.
The Biblical Annals
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1980
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vol. 27
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issue 1
5-14
PL
The sabbath is a typically Israeli holiday. There are no sufficient proofs that it has been adopted from other nations. It was either an old Israeli custom finally sanctioned by Moses, or Moses himself established it. Various definitions of the sabbath comprised in the traditions of the Pentateuch point to the fact, that the fundamental meaning of the sabbath was equal to stopping the work. The holiday of the seventh day was observed by the very fact of rest and in the epoch of ancient Israel it had nothig to do with a positive dipt of Jahwe. To the social motivation of the sabbath the religious m otivation was later joined, and with time it acquired the decisive role.
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Kompozycja literacka Sdz 1

75%
The Biblical Annals
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1989
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vol. 36
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issue 1
5-15
PL
The article considers Jg. 1 as a separate pericope. Its detailed analysis from the point of view of literary structure and sources used in the composition of the text leads to the following conclusions. The content of the text makes it possible to distinguish two main traditions, vv. 2-20.36 and vv. 21-27. 29-35, supplemented with editorial comments of a fairly late date (vv. 1. 28). The traditions differ as to their literary genre. The information contained in Jg. 1 mostly dates back to the times of the judges. The editorial work is marked by respect for old documents, which results in some inconsistencies and breaks in the flow of the narrative. The distinctive nature of much of the information in either tradition suggests that an editor from Judah was responsible for the final form of Jg. 1.
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Kananejskie tło psalmu 29

75%
The Biblical Annals
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1989
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vol. 36
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issue 1
29-42
PL
L’article presente une tentative de Her le Ps 29 avec la liturgie de la fete des Tentes. Israel a emprunté cette liturgie annuelle chez les originaires de Cartaan, que avaient celebré an automne la terminaison des recoltes. L’analyse philologique et théologique du Ps 29 n’a pourtant confirmé l’hypothèse de son original cananéen. Plutôt c’était polémique contre le culte de Baal. Le theme de l’orage étant present dans le Ps 29, il ne dit rien de la pluie fécondante. Cette fonction du dieu de la vegétation on ne pouvait pas transferer sur le Dieu d’Israel. Le psalmiste a souligné ici plutôt la force déstructrice de l’orage, dans laquelle Yahwé manifeste son pouvoir sur la nature. La trame du Ps 29, 3-9b est originaire du territoire nord, parce que a Jérusalem le cult de Baal était absent.
17
75%
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1966
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vol. 13
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issue 1
49-69
PL
La prophétie de Nathan dans le 2-nd livre de Samuel, ch. 7 occupe dans la littérature de 1’Ancien Testament une position exceptionnelle et cela à cause de l’ancienneté de sa rédaction, à cause de son contenu, lequel est devenu la base de l’é1aboration d’une suite d’autres textes de l’Ancien Testament, et aussi à cause du caractère messianique de cet énoncé. Quand on passe en revue le temps de la rédaction de l’oracle de Nathan, il nous donne une base pour déclarer qu’il fut déjà accompli au temps de David. Cette ancienneté est confirmée par le fait que les autres anciens textes messianiques comme p. ex. Gen. 3, 14 ss.; 9, 26 ss.; 15, 1-7; 26, 4; 28, 12 ss.; 49, 1-33; Num. 24, 15-19, dépendaient en leur rédaction de ce texte. Ceci est aussi confirmé par les traditions juive et chrétienne. Le contenu de 1’oracle est très riche. Il concerne non seulement la personne de David, mais toute sa génération (zeraʽ) et ceci dans la signification collective. Les nombreux textes qui se trouvent dans les livres plus tardifs de Nebi im et Ketubim , témoignent de la signification particulière de la prophétie (cf. Iz. 9, 6; Iz. II, 55, 3-5; M ic. 5, 1-5; Jr. 23, 7-8; 30, 9; 31, 31-34; Ez. 37, 24; Am. 9, 11-15; Ag. 2, 6 ss., 22 ss.; 6, 12; Zach. II, 9, 9 ss.; 12, 6 ss.; Dn. 7; 4 Ezdr. 13, 25, ss.; Test. 12 Patr.; Test. Juda 22 et 24; Test. Lev. 18; les textes de Qumran: CDC 6, 11; 7, 18; 12, 23; 14, 19; 19, 10; 1 QSb 5, 20-29). Mais puisque l’attente de l’arrivée du royaume messianique comprenait une réalité terrestre, encore que la meilleure de ces réalités, le Nouveau Testament va modifier ces attentes. Pourtant, il ne les repousse pas et il applique à Jésus les prophéties messianiques attestant qu’il est Fils de David (Mt. 1, 1 ss.; 9, 27; 22, 42; Lc. 3, 23; Act. Ap. 2, 30 ss.; Rom. 1, 3). Les malheureuses tendances politiques, en rapport avec le Messie, au temps de la venue du Christ ne Lui ont pas permis la liaison à cette prophétie. Elles n’étaient pas favorables pour l’activité de Celui dont „le Royaume n’est pas de ce monde” (Jo. 18, 37).
EN
The article presents a specific ecclesiastical interpretation of the Bible within Orthodox theology and shows some difficulties of this approach from the point of view of Western theological thought. The article discusses the problem of the Orthodox biblical canon and the main difficulties associated with the division between „canonical” and „non-canonical” books. Then the text presents specific elements of Orthodox biblical exegesis, with emphasis on the community of the Church as its primary context. The article also touches the problem of biblical language, and especially importance attached to the text of the Septuagint as well as critical evaluation of certain modern translations of the Bible by Orthodox theologians. The text reveals the elements of the Orthodox approach to the interpretation of the Bible that are valuable for all Christian theological traditions as well as the main theological problems related to it.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia specyficzną dla teologii prawosławnej kościelną interpretacje Biblii oraz ukazuje trudności tego podejścia teologicznego z punktu widzenia teologii Kościołów i Wspólnot na Zachodzie. Omawiany jest problem kanonu biblijnego w prawosławiu oraz trudności wiążących się z podziałem ksiąg na „kanoniczne” i „niekanoniczne”. Następnie ukazuje się specyficzne elementy egzegezy biblijnej, której podstawowym kontekstem jest wspólnota Kościoła. Wiąże się z tym także problem języka biblijnego, a w jego ramach – znaczenie przypisywane tekstowi Septuaginty oraz krytyczna ocena przez teologów prawosławnych niektórych współczesnych przekładów Biblii. Elementy cenne dla wszystkich chrześcijańskich tradycji oraz główne trudności wysuwane przez teologię zachodnią zestawia zakończenie artykułu.
PL
The article is a description of main methodological guidelines of the canonical approach according to Brevard S. Childs, a former professor and specialist of the Old Testament at Divinity School of Yale University (New Haven). This new interpretation of the Bible, brought forth by the Pontifical Biblical Commission in The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church has arisen as the basis of critique of several assumptions in regard to the historical critical method connected with the insufficient use of theological dimension of biblical texts in exegesis. Main methodological issues of canonical approach are characterized by the in- terpretation in faith; canon the as norm and border in explanation of biblical texts; emphasis on final form of canonical text; serious treatment of canonical context and unity of the Bible in exegesis. The fundamentals of canonical approach presented let us define it as a “third way” in exegesis, leading through bridge between history and theology.
EN
The life and work of New Testament scholar Ernst Lohmeyer (1890-1946) of Breslau (1921-1935) and Greifswald (1935-1946) deserves reconsideration not only due to his innovative contributions to early Jewish and Judaeo-Christian apocalypticism, but also because his entire theology mirrors a renewed understanding of the relationship between Christianity and Judaism. Building on Andreas Köhn's research on Lohmeyer's biography, particularly his unpublished correspondence with his publisher Gustav Ruprecht, the present essay focuses on Lohmeyer's understanding of revelation. Influenced by Franz Rosenzweig's philosophy of religion and Richard Hönigswald's Neo-Kantian epistemology, Lohmeyer develops a comparative concept of revelation that links biblical sources to Christian doctrine and thus steers a middle path between historical analysis (e.g., A. Jülicher) and dogmatic application of biblical texts (e.g., K. Barth). Inspired by this concept, it is argued in the first half (I) of the essay that the Bible serves as a starting-point for the dogmatic discourse by determining the questions theological doctrine is supposed to answer. This leads to the five theses of the second section (II) of the essay: Thesis #1: Instead of teaching a particular trinitarian doctrine, the Bible ra-ther asks the question what the relationship between Jesus and God was like. Thesis #2: The doctrine of the triune God is not an unbiblical invention by the the church, but answers questions which the Bible raises inevitably (cf. I Cor 12:3). Thesis #3: While the New Testament and the mainline trinitarian doctrines agree about the relationship between Jesus and God, their ideas about the canonical status of Scripture disagree. Thesis #4: The writers of the New Testament presuppose that in Jesus God offers unconditional salvation for mankind. The ecclesial traditions behind the trinitarian doctrine share this belief, but try to argue for it rationally. Thesis #5: There are different ways of reading the Bible within the Christian communnity. Besides its liturgical use as a source for what is said and done in worship, the Bible can also function as a starting-point for arguing dogmatically for the truth of the Christian belief by determining the questions this belief has to cope with.
PL
Artykuł omawia zagadnienie wiary jako centralnego motywu teologii ewangelickiej w kontekście twórczości teologicznej wrocławskiego i gryfickiego nowotestamentowa Ensta Lohmeyera (1890-1946). Na początku ukazano osobę i dzieło Lohmeyera, ukazując go jako wybitnego znawcę Nowego Testamentu, autora wielu komentarzy egzegetycznych do pism Nowego Testamentu, a zwłaszcza listów apostoła Pawła. Druga część omawia dziedzictwo teologiczne Lohmeyera, akcentując znaczenie pojęcia wiary dla całej teologii ewangelickiej. Lohmeyer w swych publikacjach egzegetycznych, wskazywał między innymi na fakt, że wiara trynitarna ma oparcie w Biblii. Główne motywy teologii wrocławskiego biblisty zestawiono w 5 tezach: 1. Biblia nie zawiera nauki trynitranej, lecz pozostawia otwarta kwestię relacji pomiędzy Jezusem a Bogiem. 2. Nauka trynitarna nie jest pozabiblijnym wynalazkiem Kościoła. 3. Pomiędzy Nowym Testamentem a nauka trynitarną zachodzi zjawisko rzeczowej kontynuacji. 4. W Nowym Testamencie, relacja pomiędzy Jezusem a Bogiem jest podstawą czynu zbawczego, podczas gdy nauka trynitarna jest wynikiem logicznego następstwa i argumentacji o charakterze teologicznym. 5. Różne formy użycia Biblii, także w liturgii, prowadzą do stwierdzenia, że Biblia stanowi podstawę wszelkiej wiary chrześcijańskiej.
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