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Czy egzorcyzmy są potrzebne?

100%
EN
The possibility of demon possession is rejected by many people today. All abnormal behaviors are attributed by psychiatrists to mental illnesses. This is an error. From the theological point of view, possession is possible, because the devil’s activity was not completely blocked by the saving work of Jesus. The Bible testifies to this. In turn, psychiatry is not only unable to cure certain mental ailments, but cannot even explain their origin. What is more, it is not able to explain the relationship between a given person and the unnatural occurrences which happen around him or her. Mental illness and demon possession are two different things. One can be released from possession only by way of exorcism, asking Jesus Christ for the grace of liberation. This is confirmed by the practice of the Church right from apostolic times.
EN
How to preach the Good News so that the people remember from our message not only the word “bad” or “evil”? The issue of the priests involved in the ministry of healing and exorcisms turns regularly up in the media as a bad penny. The dispute does not concerns the issue whether to inform about spiritual threats but how to do this effectively. Paul Evdokimov, an orthodox theologian, wrote in his book: “Christianity is a march of life across the cemeteries of the world”. The focus should be on the expression “march of life”. It makes no sense to be concerned solely about the “cemeteries of the world” and about the long list of spiritual threats with no mention about the most important reality: Christ’s victory over death.
EN
Psychological consultations for people who want to meet exorcists take place in the Psychological Aid Centre leaded by the Association of Christian Psychologists in Warsaw since 2000 year. Specific symptoms, spiritual decisions and psychological background are taken into account. Spiritual influences are caused especially by involvement into occult praxis. About 15 percent of people looking for exorcists are mentally ill, about 15 percent of them are psychically healthy, about 70 percent of them have also psychical problems. Psychotherapy or psychiatric treatment are suggested if needed.
EN
The article in a concise way presents phenomenon of exorcism in the context of Ancient Mesopotamia, in the Hebrew Bible, and in the ministry of Jesus as described in the synoptic Gospels. In the first part it suggests that the Ancient Near East constitutes an important point of reference in the reflections concerning the practices of exorcism in the Bible. It is exactly against the background of Ancient Near East that the Hebrew Bible reveals its uniqueness. The context of exorcistic practices of the Ancient World emphasizes the guardedness of the redactors of the Hebrew Bible in regard to the exorcism and to the combat with the evil spirits. The examples of intertestamental literature, mentioned only cursorily in this article, allows the reader to discover theological context of Jesus’s exorcistic activity. At the same time, the Gospels reveal the uniqueness of ministry of Jesus-Galilean Exorcist.
EN
The term „exorcism” comes from the Latin exorcismus and from the Greek term, which originally meant „an oath”, but later in a Christian environ­ment has assumed the meaning „to curse” or „to expel the demons/evil spirits”. The practice of exorcism in early Christianity has been influenced by Old Testa­ment, ancient Judaism and especially by the exorcisms done by Jesus Christ and described in the New Testament. In patristic texts of IInd and IIIrd century we find the following elements of an exorcism: prayer in the name of Jesus, recitation of some elements of early Christian Creed, reading of the Gospel and it was done as an order. An exorcism has been accompanied by the imposition of hands, fast and using of the holy cross. An exorcism has been usually performed publicly and was treated as evidence of the truth of the Christian faith. Until the IIIrd century there was no office of exorcist in the ancient Church and the ministry of it was not con­nected at all with the priesthood, but depended on the individual charisma received from God and was confirmed by the effectiveness to realase the possessed people.
Verbum Vitae
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2004
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vol. 5
89-105
PL
La confessione e la domanda del padre manifestano due dimensioni complementari delia fede. Da una parte, la fede e un atto urnano - ił padre prima la professa: «Credo ». Dall'altra parte, essa e un necessario don o che compieta e sostiene l'imperfetto atto umano - il padre chiede a Gesu: «Aiutami nella mia incredulita!». L'esorcismo riuscito dimostra che il padre ha interpretato adeguatamente le parole di Gesu: «Tutto possibile per chi crede», riconoscendo in esse l'esortazione rivolta a lui. Gesu quindi non si presenta come modello del credente, ma chiama chi prega alla fede. L'esorcismo prova il compimento della domanda de l padre, manifestando il ruolo irrepetibile di Gesu nella relazione degli uomini con Dio. Gesu conferisce un aiuto divino agli uomini nella loro fede. La sua relazione filiale con il Padre costituisce un fondamento di questo suo agire. Alla relazione perfetta corrisponde l'unione della sua volonta con la volonta di Dio, che si esprime nella preghiera. La preghiera di Gesu e il modello per formare la relazione di ogni uomo con Dio.
EN
Through the sacrament of Holy Orders, the bishop, priest and deacon receive authority from Christ to proclaim the word of God, to perform the liturgy and to conduct the service of mercy, which includes care for people tormented by the devil. Through their ministry, Christ still cares for his people because they proclaim “a teaching with authority” (Mark 1:27) capable of casting out evil spirits. Bishops and priests celebrate the sacraments limiting the sphere of influence of the kingdom of darkness in the souls of people and perform exorcisms, which liberate man from the power and influence of a demon.
PL
Dzięki sakramentowi święceń biskup, prezbiter i diakon otrzymuje od Chrystusa władzę głoszenia słowa Bożego, sprawowania liturgii i prowadzenia posługi miłosierdzia, do której zalicza się troska o osoby dręczone przez diabła. Dzięki ich posłudze Chrystus nadal troszczy się o swój lud, ponieważ głoszą „naukę z mocą” (Mk 1, 27) zdolną wyrzucać złe duchy, zaś biskupi i prezbiterzy celebrują sakramenty ograniczające strefę wpływów królestwa ciemności w duszach ludzi oraz sprawują egzorcyzmy, czyli wyzwalają człowieka spod władzy i wpływów demona.
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38%
PL
Wobec narastającego zjawiska pentakostalizacji chrześcijaństwa oraz zwiększonego zainteresowania obrzędami egzorcyzmów należy przypominać przepisy prawne dotyczące posługi egzorcysty w Kościele. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę ich usystematyzowania oraz wyznaczenia ogólnych kryteriów zgodnego z prawem sprawowania obrzędu egzorcyzmu. W tym celu szczegółowej analizie zostały poddane następujące dokumenty Kościoła: Kodeks Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r., Rytuał Rzymski De exorcismis et supplicationibus quibusdam, Wskazania Konferencji Episkopatu Polski dla kapłanów pełniących posługę egzorcysty, list Kongregacji Nauki Wiary Inde ab aliquot annis oraz instrukcja Kongregacji Ardens felicitatis.
EN
In regard to a growth of a phenomenon of the pentecostalization of Christian religion and an increase of interest connected with rites of exorcism, it is worth reminding the legal norms concerning a ministry of an exorcist at the Church. Following article constitutes an attempt to systematize those norms as well as to set general criteria according to the power of exercise the rite of exorcism. For this purpose, the following Church documents: the 1983 Code of Canon Law, Roman Ritual De exorcismis et supplicationibus quibusdam, Indications of Polish Bishop’s Conference for priests who fulfill the ministry of exorcist, the Letter of Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Inde ab aliquot annis and the instruction of that Congregation Ardens felicitatis, have been subjected to detailed analysis.
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Konstytucja RP a egzorcyzmy

32%
PL
Artykuł zawiera analizę uwarunkowań i skutków obrzędu egzorcyzmu z perspektywy prawa konstytucyjnego. Zakres rozważań został ograniczony do egzorcyzmu w Kościele Rzymskokatolickim, ze względu na jego dominację w strukturze wyznaniowej Polski. Egzorcyzm jest niewątpliwie przejawem wolności uzewnętrzniania religii, a jego sprawowanie powinno podlegać ograniczeniom ze względu na konieczność ochrony zdrowia i prawa do humanitarnego traktowania osób egzorcyzmowanych. Uzasadnia to postulat wprowadzenia prawnych ograniczeń o charakterze prewencyjnym (nakaz konsultacji lekarskiej przed przystąpieniem do obrzędu, nakaz badań lekarskich dla egzorcystów) oraz następczym (zakaz sprawowania obrzędu wobec określonej kategorii osób). Natomiast całkowity zakaz egzorcyzmów naruszałby istotę wolności uzewnętrzniania religii oraz nie spełniał wymogów proporcjonalności.
EN
This article examines the determinants and consequences of the rite of exorcism from the constitutional law perspective. The study was limited to exorcism in the Roman Catholic Church due to its dominance in the religious composition of population in Poland. Exorcism is clearly a manifestation of religion, and it is argued that its performance should be subject to constraints justified by the need to protect the health and the right to humane treatment of the exorcised. Therefore, it is necessary to call for the establishment of legal restrictions, both preventive (mandatory medical consultation before performing the rite, mandatory medical examination for exorcists) and ex-post (ban on performing the rite on a given category of people). On the other hand, an absolute ban on exorcisms would violate the essence of the freedom to manifest religion and would not satisfy the requirements of proportionality.
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2017
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vol. 7
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issue 2
277-280
EN
Book review: Jiří Dvořáček, The Son of David in Matthew's Gospel in the Light of the Solomon as Exorcist Tradition (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2. Reihe 415; Tübingen: Mohr Siebieck, 2016). Pp. XII + 258. EUR 79.00. ISBN 978-3-16-154095-0.
PL
Book review: Jiří Dvořáček, The Son of David in Matthew's Gospel in the Light of the Solomon as Exorcist Tradition (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2. Reihe 415; Tübingen: Mohr Siebieck, 2016). Pp. XII + 258. EUR 79.00. ISBN 978-3-16-154095-0
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26%
PL
Wiara w modlitwie o uwolnienie jest przede wszystkim odpowiedzią na dar wypędzania demonów, podarowany wszystkim wierzącym przez Jezusa Chrystusa przed Jego Wniebowstąpieniem. Teologalny kontekst wiary jest naturalnym środowiskiem dla sprawowania modlitwy o uwolnienie. Owocność posługi uwalniania jest subiektywnym kryterium oceny „jakości wiary” posługujących, jak również, ale w mniejszym stopniu, osoby proszącej o uwolnienie. Brak wiary u osoby zwracającej się z prośbą o modlitwę nie może stanowić podstawy do od-mowy przeprowadzenia tejże i udzielenia pomocy.
EN
The faith in prayer for deliverance is primarily a response to the gift to cast out demons given to all believers by Jesus Christ before His Ascension into heaven. The context of theological faith is natural environment for prayer for deliverance. Fruitfulness of the deliverance ministry is a subjective criterion for determining the „quality of their faith” speakers, as well as, but to a much lesser extent, people would ask for deliverance. The lack of the faith at the asking person cannot be an attitude of the refusal to conduct the prayer and providing assistance.
EN
The life and work of Jesus Christ are salvific and liberating from the power of the evil spirit. From this perspective, the institution of the Eucharist and giving Himself to the faithful as Nourishment are remarkably antidemonic deeds that free from the power of the spirits of darkness and are an indispensable aid for both Christians in the daily spiritual struggle and for the possessed on the path to liberation.Also liturgical feature of the Sacrament contains many references to the glorious victory of Christ over Satan and incessant begging to keep people away from his influence. However, the Eucharist is not a tool for the liberation of the possessed from the power of the demon but constitutes a fundamental element of the process of liberation through exorcism.
PL
Życie i dzieło Jezusa Chrystusa ma charakter zbawczy i wyzwalający z mocy złego ducha. Z tej perspektywy ustanowienie Eucharystii i dawanie się wiernym jako Pokarm to dzieła wybitnie antydemoniczne, które uwalniają spod władzy duchów ciemności i stanowią niezbędną pomoc zarówno dla chrześcijan w codziennej walce duchowej, jak i dla opętanych na drodze do uwolnienia.Również warstwa liturgiczna tego sakramentu zawiera wiele odniesień do chwalebnego zwycięstwa Chrystusa nad Szatanem i nieustanne błaganie o zachowanie ludzi od jego wpływu. Eucharystia nie stanowi jednak narzędzia do wyzwolenia opętanych z mocy demona, lecz jest fundamentalnym elementem procesu wyzwolenia poprzez egzorcyzm.
EN
This article contains thoughts of Sulpicius Severus (ca 360–420) with regard to the influence of evil spirits on man. Based on the knowledge of St. Martin of Tours, who had much to do with demons. Sulpicius presented a number of human cases of demonic possession by an evil spirit. Most cases he described were about man’s release from possession.Sulpicius Severus was demonstrating that when Satan masters a man he takes away his freedom, a fundamental value, which comes from God. In the face of the numerous cases of enslavement of people by Satan, God’s intervention was needed. Sulpicius was convinced that God has equipped some people to be exorcists, with the gift of releasing the possessed from the power of the devil.
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La possessione demoniaca nei santi

23%
EN
Very rare are the saints experiencing possession. Even less often they are documented in writing. Of course, there are testimonies that the Saints were violently attacked by a demon, but very little is said about cases of possession or enslavement. There is extensive documentation of two cases of people proclaimed saints – two Carmelite nuns: Saint. Maria Magdalena de ’Pazzi (1566-1607) and Saint. Maria Baouardy (1846-1878), “Little Arab Woman”. The example of the Saints who were temporarily possessed during their lives creates a rich source of very important and practical information about God’s power and the role of Satan in the economy of human salvation. This information can talk to the theological reflection and to the exorcists themselves, and also – as a consolation – for all who experience similar states. Saints possessed by a demon teach us how and why this happens, as well as testify that above all there is a merciful and powerful God who saves man.
PL
Bardzo rzadkie są przypadki, kiedy święci mają doświadczenie opętania. Jeszcze rzadziej są one pisemnie dokumentowane. Oczywiście istnieją świadectwa o tym, że święci byli gwałtownie atakowani przez demona, ale bardzo niewiele mówi się o przypadkach opętania czy zniewolenia. Istnieje bogata dokumentacja dwóch przypadków osób ogłoszonych świętymi – chodzi o dwie karmelitanki: św. Marię Magdalenę de’ Pazzi (1566-1607) i św. Marię Baouardy (1846-1878), „Małą Arabkę”. Przykład świętych, którzy byli za życia czasowo opętani, tworzy bogate źródło bardzo ważnych i praktycznych informacji na temat mocy Bożej i roli szatana w ekonomii zbawienia człowieka. Informacje te mogą pomóc w refleksji teologicznej oraz samym egzorcystom, a także – jako pocieszenie – dla wszystkich, którzy podobnych stanów doświadczają. Święci, opętani przez demona, uczą nas jak i dlaczego tak się dzieje, jak również świadczą, że ponad wszystkim jest miłosierny i pełen mocy Bóg, który ocala człowieka.
Vox Patrum
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2013
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vol. 59
87-111
EN
The article is the attempt to analyze the teaching of early christian apologists about possession and exorcisms in Church. They recognize that possession in the strict sense applies to a human body. By contrast, spiritual enslavement consists in introducing someone into impiety. Evil spirits, after turning away from their Creator, envy people the grace of God and try to take them away from God and to enslave. They claim to be gods and demand sacrifices and a cult. Magic is also the way to enslavement, because the effectiveness of magic is connected with the power of demons. An exorcism is a kind of spiritual fight in which a christian, in the name of Jesus, commands demons and liberates the possessed person. Exorcisms are the manifestation of God’s power, which beats evil spirits and exposes their lies. Although the main reason of the liberation is the power of God’s name, faith and ardent prayer of a possessed person and these who pray for him have also an im­pact on that process. Christians who live in the grace of God are under the care of Christ, so they don’t have to fear demons.
PL
Artykuł porusza problem odpowiedzialności karnej egzorcysty za zachowania związane z reakcją na ujawnienie się podczas egzorcyzmu transu opętania. Egzorcyzm w Kościele katolickim jest formą celebracji liturgicznej i jego praktykowanie podlega prawnej ochronie. Warunkiem legalności przeprowadzenia obrzędu jest dobrowolne w nim uczestnictwo. W sytuacji ataku transu opętania, które jest zaburzeniem istotnie ograniczającym świadomość osoby egzorcyzmowanej, krępowanie ruchów jej ciała i kontynuowanie modlitwy, wbrew zewnętrznym odruchom, nie zawiera cechy działania bezprawnego. Pojawiający się opór, co do dalszego udziału w egzorcyzmie, nie oznacza cofnięcia wcześniej wyrażonej zgody osoby na uczestnictwo w egzorcyzmie. Kontynuowanie egzorcyzmu jest pierwotnie legalne ze względu na brak ataku na dobro prawne (wolność osoby egzorcyzmowanej). Egzorcysta podlega ewentualnej odpowiedzialności karnej nie tylko za nieudzielanie pomocy w sytuacji bezpośredniego zagrożenia życia lub zdrowia osoby egzorcyzmowanej, ale również za ewentualne umyślne bądź nieumyślne narażenie osoby egzorcyzmowanej na niebezpieczeństwo utraty życia lub ciężkiego uszczerbku na zdrowiu, spowodowanie tzw. ciężkiego, średniego albo lekkiego uszczerbku na zdrowiu lub nieumyślne spowodowanie śmierci. Należy wziąć pod uwagę reguły obiektywnego przypisania skutku.
EN
The article discusses the issue of criminal liability for acts of the exorcist associated with disorder of possession trance during exorcism. Exorcism in the Catholic Church is a form of liturgical celebration and a subject to legal protection. The condition for the legality of exorcism is voluntary participation. An attack of possession trance is usually the cause of loss or significant limitation of person’s consciousness, so, despite of external impulses of the person’s body, the exorcist’s refusing to stop the prayer is not an unlawful behavior. Exorcist eventually could be responsible for failing to render assistance to a person in a situation threatening an immediate danger of loss of life or serious bodily injury, intentional or unintentional exposure of a person to an immediate danger of loss of life or serious bodily injury, causing heavy, medium or light bodily injury or an impairment to health or manslaughter. The issue shall be assessed in the light of principles of objective assignment of effect.
EN
John Paul II in Familiaris consortio p. 17, when speaking about the tasks of the Christian family, indicates the need to reach out to „the beginning" of the creative act of God. Today it appears that what the family needs above all is re-evangelization. This is to be understood as rediscovering God's original plan for marriage and the family and returning „to the beginning" with faith as a way of life. It is about bringing humans to a personal relationship with God Personality. Today the family is affected by many illnesses. So what can be done to „heal" it? What is the cure? Programs alone are insufficient, similarly as mere pastoral and catechetical instruction, which become like building a house without foundations. Today we have the problem of people practicing religion, but in fact being unbelievers. In addition to the methods developed over the centuries, there is an urgent need for the ministry of exorcists, spiritual liberation from slavery, which affects more and more people, and spiritual discernment on a larger scale. Many of the problems are the causes of spiritual diseases. What is needed is information and formation of priests and lay people, raising awareness about current threats and ways of protecting oneself against them.
PL
Jan Paweł II w „Familiaris consortio” w punkcie 17, mówiąc o zadaniach rodziny chrześcijańskiej, wskazuje na konieczność dotarcia do "początku" aktu twórczego Boga. Dziś wydaje się, że tym, czego potrzebuje rodzina jest przede wszystkim nowa ewangelizacja. Należy to rozumieć jak odkrycie pierwotnego planu Boga wobec małżeństwa i rodziny oraz powrotu "do początku" z wiarą , jako własny sposób życia. Chodzi o wprowadzenie ludzi do osobistej osobowej relacji z Bogiem.
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