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Ewolucja systemu wyborczego Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (1989–2011)

100%
Ptak A.
Studia Administracyjne
|
2014
|
issue 6
33-54
PL
Jednym z istotniejszych elementów każdego systemu politycznego jest zbiór reguł określających charakter i przebieg rywalizacji wyborczej. Szczególne znaczenie nabierają niektóre elementy mające wpływ na kształt systemu wyborczego. Analiza tego zjawiska jest tym bardziej interesująca, kiedy dotyczy kraju, w którym dokonuje się proces demokratyzacji systemu politycznego i trwa poszukiwanie optymalnych rozwiązań. Doświadczenia polskie wskazują, jak trudne jest to zadanie. Pomimo tego udało się w Polsce stworzyć system wyborczy, który nie tylko spełnia wszystkie kryteria charakterystyczne dla systemów demokratycznych, lecz także ustabilizował i skonsolidował scenę partyjną. Występujących słabości polskiej demokracji, w tym niskiego stopnia partycypacji wyborczej, należy upatrywać w innych czynnikach niż w kluczowych elementach systemu wyborczego.
EN
One of the most important elements of each political system is a set of rules which describe the character and course of electoral competition. Some elements which influence the shape of the electoral system have special meaning. An analysis of this phenomenon is even more interesting when it concerns a country in which the process of democratisation of the electoral system is still occurring and in which optimal solutions are being sought. Polish experiences in such matter show how hard this task is. However, an electoral system was indeed created in Poland, and what is more, it complies with all criteria characteristic for democratic systems and it was able to stabilise and consolidate the political space. The reasons for existing drawbacks of the Polish democracy, including low participation in elections, should be sought in factors different than the key elements of the electoral system.
2
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Determinanty zmiany systemu wyborczego

100%
Wojtasik W.
Political Preferences
|
2016
|
issue 12
25-36
EN
Elections are a tool for the competing entities to achieve political goals. Therefore, electoral procedures are a significant element affecting their political perspectives. A change in the electoral system depends on balance of power in the parliament. In practice, two models of electoral reforms are possible. In the first of them, political parties collaborate to reform the system. Thus, they protect the interests of as many parties as possible. In the second one, the majority can force others to accept the solutions that are beneficial for them. The majority promote the institutional patterns and procedures that give them a chance to consolidate or increase the relative power of influence of elections. The presented paper includes the analysis of social preferences concerning a reform of the electoral system in Poland. The study revealed the preference for the cooperative model of changing the electoral system. Only the respondents who identified themselves as having right-wing inclinations approved of the competitive model.
3
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Partycypacja polityczna kobiet a wprowadzenie ustawowych kwot wyborczych

88%
Marmola M., Olszanecka A.
Political Preferences
|
2012
|
issue 3
195-214
EN
This part of our report describes the reasons of unequal women’s representation in Polish parliament and changes that have been introduced by new Electoral Code. According to our researches, voters of right-wing parties are against the introducing of gender quotas, whereas electorate of centre and left-wing parties believes more frequently in effectiveness of legal regulations that guarantees equal women’s representation in parliament. After the passing of the Electoral Code that implemented 35% gender quotas, the number of women in Polish parliament have not increased significantly. It seems that changes of public awareness, fighting with stereotypes and patriarchal social system are better methods of improvement of women’s participation in parliament than new regulations in Polish electoral system.
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