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EN
The aim of the study described in this article was to establish if there are any patterns in the way different Cracow hotels manage their online reputation by responding to online user reviews. Reputation was analysed by means of quantitative variables representing some dimensions of reputation. Characteristics of selected hotels were investigated to show how they influence the way in which hotels respond to online reviews posted by hotel guests. 1327 replies to over 4000 reviews were collected by a web scraping tool called ParseHub. The significance of differences among group means in a sample was checked by one-way ANOVA analysis of variance and HSD Tukey test. It was found that three independent variables - having a social media profile, being part of a hotel chain and the TripAdvisor user rating - were factors that significantly differentiated hotels’ response to online reviews. Some differences to findings of previous studies were also identified, primarily in terms of the effect of star ratings and the number of rooms. It was concluded that Cracow’s hotels are better at managing their online reputation than hotels operating in other local markets and that visibility was the dimension of reputation that received the most attention.
EN
Word of mouth' (WOM) as a communication tool has evolved quite significantly over the last few decades. Originally, word-of-mouth communication was limited to local coverage, i.e. it was restricted only to the closest people in the circle of the sender of the message. Technological developments over the past 30 years, particularly in computer and mobile technologies, have brought about significant changes in this form of communication. The information provided has become global; the consumer can communicate directly with the entrepreneur. Examples of bibliographic analyses of only electronic word of mouth (eWOM) without consideration of traditional WOM can be found in the literature. It therefore seems important to try to analyse the literature collection on both WOM and eWOM. The article aims to identify and present the most frequently cited works (along with their authors), as well as the publications most frequently referred to by authors publishing works related to WOM. Citation analysis and co-citation analysis were used to realise the stated aim. The basis for the analyses is a collection of publications from the WoS database. The results obtained made it possible to identify and create a list of the most frequently cited and co-cited publications.
EN
More and more business customers use social media to express their opinions about products, services and brands. This study aims to make a step further in understanding consumer engagement in electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on Facebook and its impact on recommending and purchasing products. To test our conceptual framework, structural equation modeling techniques have been applied to data collected through a self-administrated survey addressed to 640 Facebook users from Romania. Our model shows that Facebook’s perceived usefulness infl uences customer brand engagement, which in turn has an important effect on the intention to purchase the brand and recommend it to others (word of mouth). Therefore, people who use Facebook as a source of information about products and services are top eWOM providers. A brand that seeks to build authority on Facebook should look for eWOM providers, convert them into fans and “feed” them with attention-grabbing information that is worth spreading. This way, most of the fans will provide free word-of-mouth advertising, becoming true brand ambassadors. Our study has established that Facebook’s perceived usefulness not only engages online users with brands, but also makes this medium a perfect eWOM tool: it builds trust in friends’ recommendations, and eventually, makes the users sincere supporters of the brands they like.
PL
Zainteresowanie komunikacją marketingową w mediach społecznościowych i komunikacją nieformalną stale rośnie. Choć coraz więcej przedsiębiorstw działa w kontekście międzynarodowym, liczba badań dotyczących związku między komunikacją marketingową w mediach społecznościowych i komunikacją nieformalną w środowisku wirtualnym (eWOM) w ujęciu międzykulturowym jest nadal znikoma. Celem artykułu jest, wypełniając istniejącą lukę badawczą, ocena wpływu komunikacji marketingowej na Facebooku na eWOM w różnych krajach. Wyniki analizy treści 1040 postów na Facebooku wskazują, że rynek geograficzny wyjaśnia 27% wariancji eWOM. Niniejszy artykuł umożliwia głębsze zrozumienie procesów związanych z eWOM i dostarcza konkretnych wskazówek dotyczących treści mających pozytywny wpływ na komunikację nieformalną w tym środowisku.
EN
There is a growing interest in marketing communications on social media and word of mouth. More and more companies operate in an international context. However, cross-cultural research on the relationship between marketing communications on social media and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) is very scarce. By filling the research gap, the purpose of this study is to assess the influence of marketing communications on Facebook on eWOM in different countries. The results of content analysis of 1,040 Facebook posts show that 27% of the variance of eWOM is explained by the geographic market. This study allows a deeper understanding of marketing communication processes in the virtual environment and provides concrete guidelines on content having a positive influence on eWOM.
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