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1

François de Callières i jego podróż do Polski na elekcję Jana III Sobieskiego w roku 1674

100%

Kulecki M.

Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica

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2010

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vol. 17

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issue 17

125-134

EN

A very interesting report about the election of the Polish king John Sobieski in 1674 is kept in The Polish Library in Paris. Its author was François de Callières (1645–1717), a French nobleman from Normandy. Son of James de Callières, soldier and writer, like his father was connected with the aristocratic families lords of Matignon and princes de Longueville. In 1674 he visited Poland for the second time. When defeated in election in 1669, the old court-party, with Primate Mikołaj Prażmowskim and Marshal and Grand Crown Hetman Jan Sobieski at the head, searched for a suitable candidate to replace Michał Kontrybut on the Polish throne, they made a proposal to Charles, comte de Saint-Paul, duc de Longueville. De Callières as an envoy of the prince appeared in Warsaw in winter 1669/1670, and stayed there for several months. Results of this visit were: friendship with Crown Treasurer, Jan Andrzej Morsztyn, good knowledge of Polish realities and probably basic ability in Polish language. For this reason, when Prince Charles Emmanuel II of Piedmont looked for a suitable envoy, who could describe the Poles candidacy of his cousin, Louis of Thomas, duke of Carignan, Count de Soissons for the Polish king, the choice fell on Mr. de Callières. Relation on the election of 1674 by François de Callières is unusual. The author does not confine himself to presenting the events. Almost half the text deals with the performance "of the Polish Kingdom". It is a short treatise; the author describes a political and social system of Poland in the late 17th century. De Callières shows a surprisingly high level of knowledge of the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, doubtless due to conversations with Morsztyn, but also by his own sense of observation. Promoted by François candidacy of Count de Soissons had no chance to be chosen, though de Callières skillfully depicted count as an alternative to competing factions: French and Austrian. For de Callières it was the beginning of diplomatic career, crowned with the signing (on behalf of the France) the peace treaty of Ryswick with the League of Augsburg (1697) and publication of a book dedicated to the art of negotiations which is still famous among historians of diplomacy. It appeared in Poland under the title "The art of diplomacy" in 1929.

2

Primate Jan Wężyk in the Role of Interrex and Senator of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Period of Interregnum Following the Death of Sigismund III Vasa in 1632

71%

Kaczorowski W.

Kościół i Prawo

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2021

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vol. 10 (23)

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issue 1

175-193

EN

It was customary in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that the current Primate and – at the same time – Archbishop of Gniezno in one person – accepted the function of interrex after the death of the incumbent monarch and was responsible for taking over the duties of representing the state outside as well as preparing election of the new king. To make it happen he convened local assemblies and the so-called Convocation Seym. At last, it was also the interrex’s duty to finally announce the selection of the elect and duly execute the enthronement procedure. Following the death of King Sigismund III Vasa in 1632, the function of interrex during the interregnum fell to Primate Jan Wężyk (1575-1638). It must be stated that he was extremely successful at carrying out the duties, and the offices that he held won him a well-deserved place among the personages who influenced the shape of the Commonwealth and the Church in the history of Poland. Apart from that, during Jan Wężyk’s holding of the dignity of the Primate, the case of compositio inter status was partially solved. For several decades, the problem had been weighing heavily on the relations between the nobility and the clergy. Primate Jan Wężyk was also a patron of culture and art.

PL

Prymas Jan Wężyk w roli interreksa oraz senatora Rzeczypospolitej w okresie bezkrólewia po śmierci Zygmunta III Wazy w 1632 roku W Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów prymas, a zarazem arcybiskup gnieźnieński po śmierci monarchy przejmował obowiązki w zakresie reprezentowania państwa na zewnątrz, przygotowywał wybór nowego króla i w tym celu zwoływał sejmiki orz sejm konwokacyjny. Prymas wreszcie ogłaszał wybór elekta, czyli dokonywał nominacji. Po śmierci Zygmunta III Wazy w 1632 r. funkcję interreksa w okresie bezkrólewia pełnił prymas Jan Wężyk (1575-1638). Z funkcji tej wywiązał się znakomicie. Sprawowane prze niego urzędy postawiły go w rzędzie osób, które wpływały na kształt Rzeczypospolitej i Kościoła. Za prymasostwa Jana Wężyka częściowo rozwiązano sprawę compositio inter status, od kilkudziesięciu lat ciążącą na stosunkach szlachty z duchowieństwem. Prymas Jan Wężyk był również mecenasem kultury i sztuki.

3

Elekcje marszałków poselskich na sejmach w okresie panowania Michała Korybuta Wiśniowieckiego – zarys problematyki

63%

Leśniak K.

Studia Historyczne

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2018

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vol. 61

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issue 3 (243)

5-16

PL

Elections of Sejm Marshals in the Time of Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki's Rule - Presentation of the Research Topic The article presents the outline of the research project on the elections of sejm Marshalls in the years 1669-1672. Only the last sejm assembled during Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki’s reign was omitted due to its specificity – it was the 1673 pacification sejm. Various elements of the parliamentary procedures such as the initiation of the election, deputies’ attendance, the exchange between the Crown and Grand Duchy of Lithuania in fulfilling functions and proposing candidates to these functions, removal of deputies and finally the form of voting are taken into connsideration and discussed. Sejm diaries form the source base for the research, which is supplemented with existing historiograph

4

Zaangażowanie polityczne królewicza kardynała Fryderyka Jagiellończyka za rządów Jana Olbrachta (1492-1501)

63%

Grąbczewski G.

Resovia Sacra : Studia Teologiczno-Filozoficzne Diecezji Rzeszowskiej

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2019

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issue 26

131-142

EN

Prince Frederick, Cardinal Jagiellonian (1468-1503), is one of the most outstanding, though still unrecognizable representatives of the Polish episcopate at the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. As the youngest son of King Casimir IV Jagiellonian and Elizabeth of the Habsburg family, he was destined to become a clergyman, in order to support the dynasty on behalf of the Church. Frederick fulfilled this task perfectly. Climbing quickly the levels of church dignity as bishop of Cracow (from 1488), then while maintaining the Wawel Cathedral, also the archbishop of Gniezno and the primate (from 1493) and the cardinal (1493), he showed an effort in pastoral matters of the dioceses entrusted to him, as well as undertaking significant activities in the political arena. He devoted special merits to his older brother King John I Olbracht (1459-1501). He skillfully elected him to the throne of Cracow in 1492 and then managed the state during the Black Sea expedition of Olbracht in 1497 and repeatedly supplied the royal treasury with significant amounts of money from the church fund. As a politicain, Cardinal Frederick displayed an excellent sense and orientation both in the internal state and on the international arena. The aim of the article is to outline the political biography of Frederick Jagiellonian by recalling his actions in the era of Jan I Olbracht.

5

The 2014 European Parliamentary Election in Poland: The Evaluation of the Challenges to the European Union

51%

Osiński J., Pytlik B.

Studia z Polityki Publicznej

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2016

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vol. 3

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issue 4(12)

77-100

PL

Artykuł porusza kwestię wyborów do Parlamentu Europejskiego w Polsce. Autorzy omawiają przepisy wyborcze i kontekst instytucjonalny do wyborów. Wybrali oni wybory w 2014 r. Na tle historycznych wyborów do Parlamentu Europejskiego w 2004 i 2009 roku. Autorzy podkreślają, że najważniejszym wyzwaniem związanym z wyborami jest niska frekwencja. Głównymi przyczynami stanu rzeczy jest niska jakość wiedzy o instytucjach europejskich oraz niezadowolenie społeczne obywateli Polski z sytuacji ekonomicznej i politycznej zarówno w Europie, jak i w Polsce.

EN

The paper addresses the issue of the election to the European Parliament in Poland. The authors discuss the electoral regulations and the institutional background to the election.They put the 2014 election against the historic background of the 2004 and 2009 elections to the European Parliament. The authors emphasise that the most important challenge in terms of the elections is the low turnout. The major reasons for the state of affairs are the low quality of the knowledge of the European institutions and the social discontent of the Polish citizens with the economic and political situation both in Europe and Poland.

6

Kilka uwag o postawie stronników Stanisława Leszczyńskiego w województwie lubelskim na sejmach i sejmikach okresu bezkrólewia i wojny o tron polski 1733-1734

51%

Lisek A.

Wieki Stare i Nowe

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2021

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vol. 16

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issue 21

106-123

EN

During the interregnum period during the sessions of the Lublin Sejm, both the pre-convocation and relational ones, the Lublin nobility, including this voivodship’s officials, firmly supported the candidacy of Stanisław Leszczyński. This was also reflected in the election sejm, where a total of 395 deputies voted for him. After the entry of Russian and Saxony troops into the Republic, the Lublin nobility relatively quickly, because on December 18, 1733, established in his defense a “particular” confederation. Felicjan Gałęzowski, a Lublin sub-judge, was elected as its marshal. The Lublin nobility also took part in the general Dzikowska confederation, established on 5 November 1734, setting out a military unit of a total of 280 horses.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono aktywność na sejmach i sejmikach szlachty województwa lubelskiego opowiadającej się po stronie Stanisława Leszczyńskiego. Badany okres obejmuje czas przedostatniego bezkrólewia oraz wojny o tron polski. Przeanalizowano proces zawiązania się w województwie lubelskim partykularnej konfederacji w obronie króla Stanisława Leszczyńskiego w grudniu 1733 roku oraz udział przedstawicieli szlachty lubelskiej w zjeździe dzikowskim.

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