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1

Element i elementarny w pismach Norwida

100%

Bukowska-Wilk V.

Studia Norwidiana

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2011

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vol. 29

201-218

EN

The text discusses the meanings the poet ascribes to the words given in the title. The word element appears 61 times in his works. In most contexts (50 cases) the author understands the word in the same way his contemporaries do, that is in the meaning of “a group of people that constitutes a separate circle” (22 cases), “component” (18 cases) and “natural element” (10 cases). What is interesting, 12 times he uses the word element in the meaning that is not found in dictionaries, one pointing to “immediate situations, realities, circumstances, determinants (most often living or material ones)”. However, he does not use the word in the meaning of “beginning, beginner teaching, prime principles” or in the meaning of “natural element as the only condition for life” (Słownik wileński – Vilnius Dictionary); he also does not use the special meanings of the word element. The adjective elementary appears in Norwid's works 44 times, most often in the meanings recorded in dictionaries: “basic, fundamental, simplest” (28 cases), “teaching the beginnings, initial” (6 cases), “natural, primary” (3 cases). There are also such uses of the word, in which the poet, referring to the meaning “natural, primary”, enriches it with aspects that are not included in dictionaries. We encounter such a situation in contexts containing individual connotations, conventionalized at least as far as the poet's idiolect is concerned. The word elementary is not used in Norwid's works in the function of a mathematical expression. Also, it is not used in the meaning “being the cause of a natural element”. The way the poet understood the words element and elementary proves a modern character of his poetical language.

2

Pojem živelnosti u Merleau – Pontyho a Bachelarda

83%

Vydra A.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2011

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vol. 59

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issue 7, Special No: Fenomenologie tělesnosti

143-155

EN

In a small note in the Visible and the Invisible, Merleau-Ponty states that he conceives of being and the imaginary as elements rather than objects or entities. Moreover, he adds that those elements are to be understood in Bachelard’s sense. It is precisely the elemental nature which represents one of the characteristics of the flesh (la chair) in Merleau-Ponty’s unfinished last work. If the living body is supposed to open an ontology and to solve certain ontological problems, we need to be careful while analysing its elemental character: the notion of „element“ is not to be taken for granted. Therefore, the author begins by examining Bachelard’s conception of elements, his attitude towards the history of sciences and towards the rupture between modern and contemporary science (for example in relation to non-substanciality and processuality on the micro-level of matter). In the second part of the paper, we return to Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of the living body, which is, according to him, different from the substancialized body in cartesian philosophy, and we develop the topic of the elemental – a notion derived from that of element – and of inter-elemental relations. After that, we point out several consequences which the reflexion on the elemental nature of the world may imply in relation to non-cartesian medicine. The fundamental axis of the text concerns also the poetic and metaphorical language and its use in the texts of both philosophers.

3

Kilka uwag na temat koncepcji mnogościowych Richarda Dedekinda i Stanisława Leśniewskiego

71%

Obojska L.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2014

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vol. 59

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issue 1

95-107

EN

Mereology, is a part-whole theory, also called the theory of collective sets. It was founded in1916 by Stanislaw Lesniewski and this is an alternative theory versus the classical set theory by Georg Cantor. These two theories are usually teamed up together as Leśniewski himself was referring to the concept of the set by Cantor and Cantor is considered the "main" ideologist of the set theory. However, when analyzing the original texts of various authors, it seems that the very concept of a collective set is closer to the idea of Richard Dedekind rather than that of Georg Cantor. It is known that Cantor borrowed some concepts on the notion of set from Dedekind, whose ideas were also known to Leśniewski, however, there is no study on this topic. This work is therefore an attempt to compare some set-theoretical concepts of both of these authors, i.e. S. Leśniewski and R. Dedekind and the presentation of their convergence.

4

Supply Chain Management: World’s Companies Experience

71%

Bilovodska O., Syhyda L., Saher L.

MIND Journal

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2018

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issue 5

1-17

EN

The article covers the study of the biggest and strongest world companies with the best supply chains. The reason is that nowadays unique supply chain can be competitive advantage for the enterprise. Strong supply chain can help to minimize costs, reach new customers, maximize profit, etc. In the article collaboration of the supply chain and its performance drivers (production, inventory, location, transportation and information) is performed; strengths and trends that can affect supply chains in the future are defined. Based on ranking results of Gartner, Inc. 2017 supply chain leaders in the world are highlighted. In 2017 such companies as Unilever, McDonald’s, Inditex had the best supply chains, and perennial supply chain leader Amazon has become “supply chain master”. According to the supply chains’ analysis (Amazon, Inditex (brand Zara) and Unilever) it was defined that each company builds its own supply chain, which is based on specific key elements. So, for example, for Amazon the most important elements of supply chain are warehousing, products’ distribution, own logistics, own production; Zara while constructing its supply chain focuses on such key elements: combination of manufacturer and retailer functions, fast response to trends, low inventory level, environmental responsibility, products’ distribution; Unilever bases its supply chain on such elements as sustainable power utilization, environmental responsibility, strategic partnerships all across the world, own logistics, blockchain development, supply chain transparency and products’ distribution.

5

Музыкальная стихия лирики Софии Парнок. Cтихотворение Орган

60%

Sikora G.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

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2012

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vol. 156

25 - 34

EN

Sapponic poetry of Sophia Parnok was not recognised by critics and literary scholars, both in pre- and post-revolutionary Russia. That was the poet’s personal drama. However, in recent times, through the work of scholars of literary history of Russia: Sophia Polakova, Diana Burgin and others, the works of the poet regained its rightful place in the history of literature. The desire of Parnok was to find a universal language through which readers could be provided with a wide range of emotional experiences. Such language for the poet became the language of musical references and concepts. Organ is a poem in which the Parnok has entered into the thoughts and associations caused by her communing with music. Sublime organ music in church feast day Mass, sowed the seed of a poetic soul of Parnok, whose crops fed on the later works of the poet.

6

Flexibilní systém - zlatá střední cesta zákonodárství a právní nauky

42%

Koziol H.

Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

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2018

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vol. 157

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issue 8

625-645

EN

b_The flexible system, in German bewegliches System, is a method which was developed by a prominent Austrian professor of civil law and legal theory Walter Wilburg, who by the way maintained his personal integrity during the Nazi Occupation of Austria, His conception is an instrument which may serve both for the purpose of legislation and of scholarship. It is based on the idea that the best way how to draft laws is a midway between a very abstract forms of legal rules on the one hand and very detailed formulation on the other hand. In doing so it is necessary to reflect the relevant factors called elements. The values which may form the legal institute or be relevant for a resolution of a concrete problem belong to this group. Part of this methodology are four principles and his internal relationships, namely the principle of private autonomy, the principle of legal certainty of the legal relationships, the principle of the contractual justices and principle of contractual loyalty. Based on this it is possible to resolve the most delicate and difficult questions of legislations. The author illustrates this on example of mistake, protected interest, due care, cascaded legal impacts and alternative causality.

CS

a_Flexibilní (pohyblivý) systém, německy bewegliches System, je metoda vyvinutá nejpřednějším rakouským profesorem soukromého práva a právní teorie, který navíc osvědčil svoji osobní integritu během nacistické nadvlády v Rakousku, Waltera Wilburga. Jeho koncept slouží jak v oblasti zákonodárství, tak především právní vědy. Vychází zejména z poznání, že pro zákonodárství je klíčová určitá střední cesta mezi relativně abstraktními, a tedy k dalšímu výkladu inklinujícími formulacemi právních norem a na druhé straně velmi podrobnou, a tedy rigidní právní úpravou. Přitom je třeba reflektovat relevantní faktory, které Wilburg nazývá elementy, kam patří především hodnoty určující daný právní institut či problém. V soukromém právu je přitom ovšem třeba brát v úvahu čtyři principy a jejich vzájemné vztahy - princip soukromoprávní autonomie, princip jistoty právních vztahů, princip smluvní spravedlnosti a princip smluvní loajality. Na základě toho je možné řešit nejen problematiku zákonodárství, ale i konkrétních případů. To autor ukazuje na otázce omylu, chráněných zájmů, povinnosti péče, odstupňovaných právních následků a alternativní kauzality.

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