Search results

1

Folk Psychology and Law: the Case of Eliminativism

100%

Jakubiec M., Janik B.

Semina Scientiarum

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2017

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vol. 16

EN

The aim of this paper is very modest. First, we want to assess how differentstrategies of naturalization might deal with the need of using folk psychologyin legal domain. Second, we want to check whether folk psychology is indeedindispensable in the legal domain. Third, we want to describe possible problemswith one strategy of naturalization, i.e. radical naturalization with classicalelimination. Our conclusion will be that despite various attempts, every projectof naturalization of law will have to resolve the tension between law and folkpsychology and such resolution would not be achieved by simple reduction orelimination of folk psychology. A variety of non-standard solutions might be inplace to resolve this tension. We will only outline those strategies here.

2

How to be an Eliminativist

85%

Rosenberg A.

Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy

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2022

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vol. 19

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issue 1

133-163

EN

In the 40 years since its first promulgation, contemporary eliminativism about intentional content has secured considerable additional support in the form of both neuroscientific findings and an absence of significant counter-evidence within the now greatly expanded study of the brain and its components. This paper reports some of the most telling of these results. Three serious is sues remain to be dealt with by philosophical proponents of eliminativism: claims that neuroscience's frequent use of the word “representation” requires or presupposes that neural circuitry actually carries such content, claims that the phenomenology of first-person introspection reveals the undeniable existence of intentional content, and arguments to the effect that eliminativism is self-refuting, contradictory or pragmatically paradoxical, owing to its claim that there are no true assertions. This paper addresses these three argu ments against eliminativism.

3

De-Conditioning and Images of the Mind: Scientific Images and Dualistic Images

85%

Farris J. R.

Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture

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2023

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vol. 7

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issue 3

31-47

EN

“De-Conditioning and Images of the Mind” explores the categories of Stephen Priest as developed in his article, “The Unconditioned Soul.” Through an analysis of historical and contemporary examples of the “conditioned” mode in recent philosophical and scientific discussions of the mind, the article articulates limitations of the proposed methods and advances examples of “de-conditioning” the mind that point in the direction of what Priest calls the “unconditioned.”

4

Irreducible Holism

85%

Wiśniewski J. B.

Diametros

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2011

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issue 30

76-92

EN

This paper explores some issues concerning the relation between ontological reduction and conceptual reduction, as construed by the physicalists. More specifically, it aims at highlighting and analyzing certain general methodological and ethical implications of the physicalistic research projects. Against this background, the paper identifies a certain category of concepts as “irreducibly holistic”, that is, those with regard to which ontological and conceptual reduction are inextricably bound together. Further, the paper argues that since irreducibly holistic concepts are conceptually irreducible to the physical, they have to be ontologically irreducible to the physical as well, thus rendering physicalism false. This conclusion is reached by analyzing and then rejecting a variety of programmes aimed at accommodating irreducibly holistic concepts within a physicalist framework (including eliminativism, preservative irrealism and quasi-realism). Lastly, an ontologically pluralistic framework is proposed for the purpose of reconciling apparently conflicting insights from different areas of philosophical and scientific inquiry.

5

Zagadnienie redukcjonizmu w filozofii biologii

85%

Luc J.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2013

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issue 52

179-201

PL

The aim of this article was to present one of the methods of reconciling of epistemological antireductionism and ontological physicalism, which explains differences between sciences, through an ontological picture of the most general structure of reality. The main thesis held that accepting this perspective allows us to achieve the above-mentioned reconcilement. First, the main arguments for and against physical reductionism, were described before the ontological assumptions were presented; then the assumptions was analysed in the light of this ontological construction as well as some facts from the fields of methodology and the history of natural sciences. Finally, some conclusions were drawn from the presented vision. They were connected with the epistemological status of analogy and methodological postulate of simplicity.

6

Místo myšlenkových experimentů ve filosofii

71%

Tvrdý F.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2018

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vol. 40

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issue 2

231-250

EN

Th ought experiments are popular tools of argumentation in science and philosophy. Th e criticism of these experiments from naturalized and experimental philosophers has led to the formation of defl ationary and minimalist approaches that weaken the epistemic power of thought experiments and reconcile them with empiricism. Th is paper aims to demonstrate that these attempts do not overcome the main problems encountered by thought experiments in philosophy. Th e limits of human rationality and imagination prevent experimenters from solving unrealistic scenarios in a reliable way. Th ought experiments in philosophy are diff erent from science because the real ones usually cannot be implemented and are not open to the possibility of empirical falsifi cation. Moreover, they are based on defective analogies and they shift the burden of proof unfairly. Th e persuasive success of thought experiments is very low; therefore, they cannot contribute to the solution of philosophical problems. Th e paper concludes that the most common types of thought experiments should be removed from the set of philosophical methods.

CS

Myšlenkové experimenty jsou populárním argumentačním nástrojem ve vědě i fi losofi i. Jejich kritika ze strany naturalistických a experimentálních fi losofů vedla k vytvoření defl ačních a minimalistických koncepcí, které oslabují epistemickou sílu myšlenkových experimentů a smiřují je s empirismem. Cílem článku je ukázat, že tyto pokusy nepřekonávají hlavní problémy, se kterými se myšlenkové experimenty ve fi losofi i střetávají. Omezená lidská racionalita a představivost znemožňují experimentátorům řešit nereálné scénáře spolehlivým způsobem. Myšlenkové experimenty se ve fi losofi i používají jinak než ve vědě, protože ty pravé jsou obvykle neuskutečnitelné a uzavřené vůči možnosti empirické falsifi kace. Navíc jsou založeny na vadných analogiích a neoprávněně přenášejí důkazní břemeno. Persvazivní úspěšnost myšlenkových experimentů je velmi nízká, a proto nedokáží přispět k řešení fi losofi ckých problémů. Závěrem článku je, že nejběžnější druhy myšlenkových experimentů by měly být odstraněny ze souboru fi losofi ckých metod.

7

William Ramsey o psychologii potocznej, racjonalności i pojęciu reprezentacji w naukach kognitywnych

57%

Gładziejewski P.

Diametros

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2012

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issue 31

33-55

PL

W książce Representation Reconsidered, William Ramsey argumentuje przeciwko tezie, że naukowe (tj. kognitywistyczne) pojęcie reprezentacji mentalnych powinno zostać oparte na pojęciu reprezentacji zaczerpniętym z psychologii potocznej (tj. pojęciu reprezentacji mentalnych jako postaw propozycjonalnych, takich jak przekonania i pragnienia). Przedstawiony wywód ma za zadanie wykazać, że – wbrew temu, co twierdzi sam Ramsey – nawet jeśli potoczne pojęcie reprezentacji najprawdopodobniej nie stanie się częścią repozytorium pojęciowego kognitywistyki, to nie implikuje to, że przekonania, pragnienia czy racjonalność ludzkiego myślenia mogą zostać wyeliminowane z naturalistycznego rozumienia umysłu (systemu poznawczego) i procesów poznawczych. Kluczem do zrozumienia tego faktu jest ujęcie systemów poznawczych jako hierarchicznych, wielopoziomowych mechanizmów.

EN

In his book Representation Reconsidered, William Ramsey argues against the view that the concept of mental representation employed by cognitive scientists should be based on the folk-psychological concept of mental representation as propositional attitudes. The author of the present article will attempt to show that, contrary to what Ramsey himself claims, the fact that the folk concept of mental representation will most likely not be a part of the conceptual repository of cognitive science does not imply that beliefs, desires or the rationality of human cognition should be eliminated from the naturalistic outlook on the nature of mind (construed as a cognitive system) and cognitive processes. The key to see that this is the case lies in understanding cognitive systems as multi-level, hierarchically organized mechanisms.

8

FILOZOFICZNE ŹRÓDŁA ANTYREALIZMU ETYCZNEGO

57%

Saja K.

Roczniki Filozoficzne

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2014

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vol. 62

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issue 1

5-24

EN

In the contemporary analytic philosophy about one-third of authors tend toward moral anti-realism. Sources of its popularity have to be found in many arguments justifying the abandonment of moral realism. Every realist should meet them. Unfortunately, in Polish literature about ethics it is difficult to find a presentation and a critique of these arguments. Many philosophers who represent continental philosophy like Neo-Thomism, material Value-Ethics, hermeneutic ethics, assume ethical realism and do not respond to the arguments of anti-realists. The purpose of the article is to present in one place the most important arguments that are important sources of ethical anti-realism in metaethics of analytic philosophy.

PL

We współczesnej filozofii analitycznej około jednej trzeciej autorów skłania się ku antyrealizmowi etycznemu. Źródeł tej popularności szukać należy w wielu argumentach, które uzasadniają porzucenie realizmu. Każdy realista etyczny powinien się z nimi zmierzyć. Niestety, w polskim piśmiennictwie poświęconym etyce trudno jest znaleźć prezentację oraz krytykę przedstawionych w artykule argumentów. Wielu przedstawicieli np. klasycznej etyki tomistycznej, niemieckiej etyki wartości, hermeneutycznej etyki odpowiedzialności lub innych nurtów filozofii, zakładając etyczny realizm, nie udziela odpowiedzi na zarzuty antyrealistów. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie stanowiska oraz najważniejszych argumentów, które są istotnym źródłem etycznego antyrealizmu w metaetyce filozofii analitycznej.

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2 Diametros

1 Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture

1 Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy

1 Roczniki Filozoficzne

1 Semina Scientiarum

1 Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

1 Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

1 Farris J. R.

1 Gładziejewski P.

1 Jakubiec M.

1 Janik B.

1 Luc J.

1 Rosenberg A.

1 Saja K.

1 Tvrdý F.

1 Wiśniewski J. B.

1 2023

1 2022

1 2018

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1 2014

1 2013

1 2012

1 2011