Search results

1

La vida del embrión según santo Tomas de Aquino

100%

Roszak P.

Polonia Sacra

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2013

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vol. 17

|

issue 1

EN

It is very popular among scholars to reduce the question of medieval embryology only to so called “delayed animation”, with a little reference to important philosophical background of the topic. This article present the concept of “life” in the perspective of thomistic doctrine, especially putting the emphasis on the issue of the soul as the principle of life and what does the virtus generativa means for Aquinas. He exposes in six stage of embryogenesis, which we can discover in his writings, the identity of the embryo in all process of his development. The changes of substantial forms, from vegetative one to human’s form, is contemplated by Aquinas in logical, not chronological order. That’s why for saint Thomas the abortion is considerate always as heavy moral offense contra naturam. For the integral understanding of Thomas’s view on the status of human embryo is important to take account of christological themes.

2

Fluid velocity during embryo transfer

99%

Mrugacz G., Grygoruk C., Kolodziejczyk M., Gagan J., Ratomski K., Grusza M.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2013

|

vol. 3

|

issue 2

17-20

EN

Purpose: The embryo transfer into the uterus by a transcervical catheter is the final stage of in-vitro fertilization procedure. So far, a little attention has been placed on the impact of embryo transfer procedure on embryo viability. This study was designed to analyze fluid velocity changes in the transferred load during the injection phase of embryo transfer. Materials and methods: Computational fluid dynamics was applied to calculate fluid velocity changes in the transferred load for the following injection speeds: 0.01, 0.1, 1, 6, 12 and 20 m/s. A 3D geometrical model of the flow domain was created in ANSYS Modeler. The computations were carried out using the CFD code Parallel ANSYS Fluent 12.1 with the segregated solver SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations). The model was solved in double precision on a control volume unstructured 3D mesh made in ANSYS Mesher. Results: The transferred fluid velocity was highest in the center of the catheter lumen and lowest at the proximity of the catheter’s wall. The narrowing of catheter lumen diameter by 20% amplified the transferred fluid velocity by 78%. The abrupt increase in fluid velocity, caused by narrowing of the catheter tip was followed by the abrupt drop of fluid velocity outside the catheter. Conclusions: Taking these results into consideration, it is advised to eliminate any narrowing of the catheter lumen in order to assure more favorable conditions for the transferred embryos.

3

Computational simulation of pressure changes during embryo transfer

99%

Mrugacz G., Grygoruk C., Kolodziejczyk M., Gagan J., Ratomski K., Grusza M.

Progress in Health Sciences

|

2013

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vol. 3

|

issue 2

21-25

EN

Purpose: The embryo transfer into the uterus by a transcervical catheter is the final stage of in-vitro fertilization procedure. This study was designed to analyze the influence of injection speed on pressure fluctuation inside the transferred fluid. Methods: Computational fluid dynamics was applied to calculate pressure changes in the transferred load for the following injection speeds: 0.01, 0.1, 1, 6, 12 and 20 m/s. A 3D geometrical model of the flow domain was created in ANSYS Modeler. The computations were carried out using the CFD code Parallel ANSYS Fluent 12.1 with the segregated solver SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations). The model was solved in double precision on a control volume unstructured 3D mesh made in ANSYS Mesher. Results: The results of the present study indicate that the total, static and dynamic pressures rise with increase of the injection speed of the transferred load. Conclusions: Taking these results into consideration, it is advised to transfer the embryos with minimal injection speed because the magnitude of the pressure changes rises with the injection speed of the transferred load.

4

Shear stress during embryo transfer.

99%

C, Grygoruk, Mrugacz G., Kolodziejczyk M., Gagan J., Ratomski K., Grusza M.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2013

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vol. 3

|

issue 2

7-10

EN

Purpose: This study was designed to analyze the influence of injection speed on the shear stress acting on the embryo during the ejection phase of embryo transfer. Methods: Computational fluid dynamics was applied to calculate shaer stress for the following injection speeds: 0.01, 0.1, 1, 6, 12 and 20 m/s. A 3D geometrical model of the flow domain was created in ANSYS Modeler. The computations were carried out using the CFD code Parallel ANSYS Fluent 12.1 with the segregated solver SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations). The model was solved in double precision on a control volume unstructured 3D mesh made in ANSYS Mesher. Results: The results of the present study indicate that shear stress increases with the rise of the injection speed. Furthermore, shear stress is lower when the embryo is positioned in the midstream of the catheter instead of in proximity to the catheter’s wall. Conclusions: Taking these results into consideration, it is advised to transfer embryos with minimal injection speed because the strength of shear stress increases with the injection speed of the transferred load.

5

Prawne i etyczne aspekty badań na ludzkich embrionach

85%

Szczepaniec M.

Pieniądze i Więź

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2019

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vol. 22

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issue 2(83)

84-89

PL

W artykule poruszona została problematyka prawnych i etycznych aspektów badań na ludzkich embrionach. Rozważania dotyczą określenia statusu prawnego ludzkiego embrionu oraz badań na zarodkowych komórkach macierzystych. Wskazane zostały również zagrożenia wynikające z szybkiego postępu biomedycyny oraz związana z tym potrzeba wprowadzenia stosownych regulacji prawnych, pozwalających na zapewnienie odpowiedniej ochrony istocie ludzkiej na etapie embrionalnym.

EN

The article discusses issues of legal and ethical aspects of research on human embryos. The considerations concern the determination of the legal status of human embryo and research on embryonic stem cells. Dangers resulting from the rapid progress of biomedicine, and related need to introduce appropriate legal regulations, that allow for adequate protection of a human being at the embryonic stage, were also indicated.

6

Problematyka pobierania zarodkowych komórek macierzystych w oficjalnych stanowiskach Kościołów ewangelicko-luterańskich Szwecji i Norwegii

85%

Aleksiejuk A.

Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki

|

2016

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vol. 10

102-121

EN

This article is an attempt to present the opinions expressed by two Scandinavian Old Lutheran Churches: the Church of Sweden (Svenska kyrkan) and the Church of Norway (Den norske kirke), on obtaining embry-onic stem cells from human embryos. Both ecclesiastical organisms men-tioned above belong to the Lutheran World Federation and have already elaborated important positions on bioethics. The points of view and ethical evaluation expressed by them significantly differ from each other in their points of emphasis and applied argumentation. Norwegian Lutherans, in this matter, are more conservative than their Swedish brethren and simultaneously are more critical of ethical legalization of searching for and using human embryonic stem cells. What is more, the Swedes are quite liberal in this question and perhaps more open to the fruits of biomedical progress. The documents and recommendations, which have been formed in the mentioned churches, are relatively unknown in Poland. Their publication is intended to fill in this gap. In addition, they also constituteinteresting research material and deserve attention within the context of the general scope of ecumenical dialogue.

7

Początkowe stadia życia ludzkiego według Homera

85%

Gilski M.

Polonia Sacra

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2013

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vol. 17

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issue 1

EN

The article tried to find a response to the question how Homer identified the first stages of human life. The analysis helped to make the following conclusions:Many Greek terms used to describe human life (αἰών, βίος, ζωή, ϑυμός, μένος, ψυχή) show awareness of ancient Greeks for the rich phenomenon of human life and the difficulties in describing it precisely;Homer’s works testify to the rising of the terminology connected with human life. Among them we can find the terms referring to the fact of conception (γείνομαι, κυέω, τίκτω, ὑποκύομαι) and birth (γείνομαι, ἐξάγω πρὸ φόως, τίκτω). Homer understands the notion of “embryo” in a quite different way comparing it to the later literature. He refers this term not to a child in the mother’s womb, but to a child already born.According to Homer’s opinion childbirth does not constitute any significant turning point in human life.The new life is a result of God’s cooperation with parents.

8

Embrion jest osobą

85%

Dziuba A. F.

Ius Matrimoniale

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1999

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vol. 10

|

issue 4

215-225

EN

La tecnica ho existente permite hacer con el ser humano casi todo lo que se hace con vegetales y animales, por medio de transplantes, hibridación o clonación. Parece incluso que dentro de poco sera posible dar inicio a nuevas variedades de la especie hu mana. Aqui es necesario remrir a la bioetica y plantear cuestiones vinculadas con la problematica moral que tienen significación en las intervenciones medico-biológicas. En este dominio es fundamental responder a la pregunta G que es el hombre, cual es su destino y su dignidad? La pregunta planteada no se refiere a la cinigia de la celula humana, sino al valor de la persona humana, el valor del ser humano. El embrión <> Es una cuestión fundamental desde el punto de vista ontológico y moral. El ser humano no es, en un principio, individuo, para sólo despues - con el crecimiento, el tiempo y la cultura - llegar a ser persona. Se es persona por el propio hecho de ser uno quien es, y no a titulo de lo que se posee (p.ej. un dia de vida, determinado peso del cuerpo, bienes poseidos). Tampoco el ser persona depende de lo que uno logre ser о del reconocimiento que le confiera la sociedad о un grupo de gente. Tampoco se trata de la autoconciencia, la posibilidad de libre eleccion, incluido el reconocimiento de ello por la familia y la sociedad, etc. Si se supone esto, se abre de par en par la puerta al aborto, la eutanasia, la perseeucion de los retardadas mentales о nacidos con diferenta deformaciones. Par ende, el factor en acto necesario para ser persona no son susu posibilidades, sino su esencia „essere”, el propio acto de existir como individuo personal o persona humana. En consecuencia, lo fundamental aqui consiste en; ≪ due es el hombre en su esencia e inherente dignidad. En ultima instancia, las cuestiones plenteadas conciernen la pregunta si el aima humana es espiritual o sólo vegetativo-sensitiva. Si entonces admitimos que el embrión es persona, tenemos que constatar que desde el principio posee el aima espiritual. Esto tiene significacion para cada etapa de la vida del hombre: embrión, nińo, adulto, anciano. En el ser humano el aima espiritual en el adulto no es tal a causa deldesarrollo fisico о intelectual, del desarollo moral y religioso de la persona, pues el atma espiritual no se recibe con la educación o con prestarle atención, о bien junto con el amor. El alma es espiritual gracias a la constitución óntica del hombre. Por eso, en la persona, о bien el alma es espiritual desde el principio, о -bien nunca llegara a serlo.

9

Kryterium genetyczne w sporze o aborcję

85%

Rutkowski M.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

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2013

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issue nr 22

33-66

EN

In the article I claim that the problem of abortion cannot be solved by referring to such biological fact, as having human genetic code by any prenatal being.

10

Does benzo[a]pyrene affect the heart embryonic development?

85%

Kołodziejczyk Ł. M., Puzik M., Greń A., Batoryna M., Formicki G., Kapusta E.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae

|

2018

EN

Benzo[a]pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of well proved toxic effect on animal cells and tissues. We used chicken in ovo developmental model to verify its influence on selected parameters of the heart rhythm and on the antioxidative defense in the heart tissue. We determined that the dose of 1 mg/kg weight of eggs of benzo[a]pyrene strongly activates the glutathione-dependent antioxidative system, but it do not significantly affect the heart conducting system of the chicken embryo. We postulate that further study on the benzo[a]pyrene action during embryonic development of birds is recommended.

11

Ochrana embrya a plodu v trestním a občanském právu

80%

Valc J.

Časopis zdravotnického práva a bioetiky (Journal of Medical Law and Bioethics)

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2021

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vol. 11

|

issue 1

36-52

EN

What is the status of an embryo and a foetus? This question has been always the object of interest not only to lawyers but also to experts in other disciplines. Despite the fact, that knowledge about the circumstances of the origin and development of human life during the prenatal period has greatly expanded, there is still no consensus on that, when and why each of us once became a person and a holder of rights. The intention of this article is not to provide a wide range of individual philosophical or legal approaches to the problem, but to perform a definition of the legal status of an embryo and a foetus in the Czech Republic, with the focus on the specifics of its legal protection.

CS

Jaký je status embrya a plodu? Tato otázka je od nepaměti objektem zájmu nejen právníků, ale také odborníků z jiných vědních oborů. Přestože se znalosti ohledně okolností vzniku a vývoje lidského života během prenatálního období díky technologickému pokroku značně rozšířily, stále neexistuje shoda ohledně toho, kdy a na základě jakých kritérií se každý z nás stal kdysi osobou a nositelem práv. Záměrem tohoto článku není poskytnout širokou škálu jednotlivých filozofických či právních přístupů, ale vymezit základní východiska právního postavení embrya a plodu v českém trestním a občanském právu, a to se zaměřením na rozsah a specifika jeho právní ochrany.

12

Parlamentarny spór o in vitro

71%

Błaszczyk E.

Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe

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2015

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vol. 36

|

issue 3

143-154

EN

In Poland, the in vitro fertilisation method has been used for over 25 years to treat infertile couples. The issues associated with IVF are permanently raised in parliamentary debates. The discussion in the parliament relates above all to the question who could benefit from the refund of the in vitro fertilization method, and on what basis. A statutory solution to the problem seems remote, if only because in the ruling party itself there are two bills and there is no consensus. However, there is one temporary solution, i.e. a health programme of the Minister of Health: Treatment of Infertility by IVF Method.

13

Etyczne i prawne aspekty stosowania preparatu medycznego ellaOne czyli tzw. pigułki „pięć dni później”

71%

Kobyliński A.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2015

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vol. 13

|

issue 1

9-34

EN

The article focuses on ethical and legal aspects of the use of the postcoital contraception. In November 2014The European Medicines Agency recommended a change in classification status from prescription to non-prescription for the emergency contraceptive ellaOne. This medicinal product has been authorized in the European Union since 2009.The European Medicines Agency found that ellaOne could be used safely and effectively without medical prescription, which means that this medicinal product could be obtained without a prescription in the EU. The decision opens up a new stage of public debate about the beginnings of human life and recognition of the human embryo as a human being from the very moment of conception.

14

La Legge del 25 giugno 2015 sulla cura dell’infertilità in Polonia – Valutazione morale

71%

Cherubin M.

Studia Elbląskie

|

2017

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vol. 18

441-455

EN

Right to life is a fundamental right which stems from human dignity. The article presents legal situation of an embryo on pre-implantation phase in the Polish public order. The article highlights the constitutional values protecting human life (paragraph 30 and 38 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland). Life in prenatal phase is a constitutional value in Polishjurisprudence (Adjudication of Polish Constitutional Court on 28th May 1997). The act of law passed on 25th June 2015 does not protect in sufficient way the embryo which comes into being during an in-vitro procedure. The law on infertility treatment which allows medically assisted fertilization (also heterologous), selection of embryos, embryo and gamete freezing may be recognise only as injustice from the moral point of view.

IT

Il diritto alla vita è una legge fondamentale che scaturisce dalla dignità umana. L’articolo presenta la situazione giuridica dell’embrione preimpianto nella legge polacca. Vi sono sottolineati i valori costituzionali, che tutelano la vita umana precoce (anzitutto gli articoli 30 e 38 della Costituzione della Repubblica Polacca). Nella giurisprudenza polacca la vita prenatale è un valore costituzione che non può essere discriminato (Sentenza del Tribunale Costituzionale 28 maggio del 1997). La Legge del 25 giugno del 2015 non tutela però in modo adeguato l’embrione nella fase primordiale. La fecondazione medicalmente assistita(anche eterologa), l’ammissibilità alla selezione degli embrioni, il congelamento dei gameti o degli embrioni, forniscono motivi di chiamare – dal punto di vista morale – la legge sulla cura dell’infertilità come legge ingiusta.

15

Nienarodzone dzieci – świętość życia poczętego. Aspekt teologiczny i moralny aborcji

71%

Aleksiejuk N.

Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej

|

2020

|

vol. Dzieci w kulturze duchowej Prawosławia

|

issue 11

241-252

EN

From the very beginning of its existence the Orthodox Church proclaimed the sanctity of the conceived life and protected that conceived life, condemning those who threatened it. The orthodox Church based its teaching on the testimony of the Holy Scripture both of the Old and the New Testament, teaching of the Church Fathers and canons of Church councils and synods. It is also confirmed by contemporary declarations of the local Churches, announced in order to counteract the mass phenomena of abortion, to defend the right to life of the defenceless unborn children. Discussions on the questions of bioethics aim at limiting the dimensions of the phenomena, at abolishing particularly cruel methods of practicing the abortion. The Orthodox Church also commemorates in prayer the unborn children as it is done by the Orthodox Church of Greece. The conceived life is saint, therefore the value of no man whatsoever can be submitted any utilitarian calculations. The sanctity of life has an absolute value.

16

Pseudo-Galen, Czy to, co znajduje się w łonie, jest istotą żywą?

71%

Longosz S., Sawa R.

Vox Patrum

|

2020

|

vol. 74

157-196

PL

tłumaczenie traktatu Pseudo-Galena

17

Jawność danych dawców komórek rozrodczych i zarodków – wybrane zagadnienia

71%

Czech E. K.

|

2019

|

vol. 29

|

issue 4

7-22

PL

Problem jawności danych dawców komórek bądź zarodków jest tematem nabierającym większego znaczenia w praktyce prawniczej i doznaje aktualizacji przy orzeczeniach sądów podejmujących decyzje w tym zakresie, jak w przypadku sądu niemieckiego, potwierdzającego prawo osoby urodzonej z zastosowaniem metody in vitro poznania danych biologicznego ojca. Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu zidentyfikowanie problemów prawnych wynikających głównie z unormowań zawartych w ustawie o leczeniu niepłodności oraz udzielenia odpowiedzi, czy dają one gwarancję zachowania anonimowości dawców.

EN

Breeding cells and embrios donors’ data disclosure becomes more important subject in legal practice and it is being updated with court decisions adjudicating in this matter, e.g. German court confirming the right of a person born after an in vitro fertilization procedure to learn personal data of his/hers biological father. The study aims to identify legal problems arising mainly from the regulations contained in the Act on the treatment of infertility and to provide an answer to the question of guarantee of the donors’ anonymity.

18

Początki życia ludzkiego w komentarzach patrystycznych

57%

Sala R.

Polonia Sacra

|

2013

|

vol. 17

|

issue 1

EN

The article “The Origins of the Human Life in Patristic Comments” tries to show the richness of thoughts and ideas presented by various writers in the early times of Christianity. Their views dealt with the prenatal stadium of a human being. Among main matters concerning the beginning of the human life analyzed by first Christian writers were: time of animation (the moment of union of the body and soul), abortion, the status of the human embryo, pre-existence of the soul referring to the belief that each individual human soul exists before conception, the origin of the soul. Among these issues, very present and lively discussed in the communities of early Christians, we can also find the reflection concerning the embryonic stages of Christ’s life.

19

Infoetyka w praktyce. Przegląd argumentacji prasy wokół tematyki in vitro

57%

Raś D.

Studia Socialia Cracoviensia

|

2013

|

issue 2(9)

71-85

PL

W ciągu ostatnich lat polska prasa poświęciła sporo miejsca zagadnieniu in vitro, ukazując przy tym stan świadomości publiczności i wzmacniając spór światopoglądowy w polskiej opinii publicznej. Ograniczając się do analizy kilku ostatnich lat, przeglądając zawartość tylko wybranych ze względu na wyrazistość przekazu artykułów, trzeba stwierdzić, że sama temperatura debaty skłania do analizy argumentacji. Debacie autorytetów, publicystów i dziennikarzy towarzyszy opis aktualnego stanu polskiej opinii publicznej w kwestii sztucznego zapłodnienia. W kształtowaniu opinii społecznej gazety świeckie zdają się coraz częściej porzucać etyczny argument dotyczący godności ludzkiej osoby i ochrony embrionów. W tym miejscu rodzi się pytanie: czy chrześcijańskie, bardzo ostrożne podejście do technologii biomedycznych musi przegrać w medialnych przekazach z narzuconą przez wydawców laickich poprawnością polityczną i zgodą na in vitro? Coraz więcej czytelników podziela dziś opinię o konieczności istnienia wysokich standardów etycznych w codziennej pracy dziennikarzy zwanych ogólnie przez papieża Benedykta XVI infoetyką. W przeciwnym razie społeczeństwu grozi niedoinformowanie. W takim wypadku nie unikniemy już w najbliższej przyszłości rozgoryczenia w spotkaniu ze skutkami medialnych błędów. Dyskusja o in vitro staje się w tej dziedzinie prawdziwym sprawdzianem rzetelności dziennikarskiej.

EN

In recent years, the Polish press has devoted a great deal of attention to the question of IVF (in vitro fertilization) thus revealing the level of public awareness on the issue and exposing the controversy in world-view matters among Polish public opinion. Taking into account the content and clarity of selected articles in the last few years, one can claim that the heated debate requires a more in–depth analysis. The issues raised in the debate among experts and journalists are accompanied by a description of the current state of Polish public opinion on the problem of IVF. The secular press often dismisses the ethical argument related to the dignity of the human person and the protection of embryos in an attempt to influence public opinion. This begs the question: Does political correctness and acceptance of IVF upheld by the secular media place the very cautious Christian approach to biomedical technology on the losing side? Nowadays, the general public sees the need for high ethical standards in the daily work of journalists which Benedict XV1 referred to in general terms as infoethics. Otherwise, there is a danger of the public not being adequately informed. In this case, the consequences of the media’s failures may lead to widespread bitterness in the foreseeable future. It is believed that the media debate on IVF will become a true test of journalistic integrity.

20

Infoetyka w praktyce. Przegląd argumentacji prasy wokół tematyki in vitro

57%

Raś D.

Studia Socialia Cracoviensia

|

2013

|

vol. 5

|

issue 2

EN

In recent years, the Polish press has devoted a great deal of attention to the question of IVF (in vitro fertilization) thus revealing the level of public awareness on the issue and exposing the controversy in world-view matters among Polish public opinion. Taking into account the content and clarity of selected articles in the last few years, one can claim that the heated debate requires a more in–depth analysis. The issues raised in the debate among experts and journalists are accompanied by a description of the current state of Polish public opinion on the problem of IVF. The secular press often dismisses the ethical argument related to the dignity of the human person and the protection of embryos in an attempt to influence public opinion. This begs the question: Does political correctness and acceptance of IVF upheld by the secular media place the very cautious Christian approach to biomedical technology on the losing side? Nowadays, the general public sees the need for high ethical standards in the daily work of journalists which Benedict XV1 referred to in general terms as info- ethics. Otherwise, there is a danger of the public not being adequately informed. In this case, the consequences of the media’s failures may lead to widespread bitterness in the foreseeable future. It is believed that the media debate on IVF will become a true test of journalistic integrity.

Refine search results

La vida del embrión según santo Tomas de Aquino

Fluid velocity during embryo transfer

Computational simulation of pressure changes during embryo transfer

Shear stress during embryo transfer.

Prawne i etyczne aspekty badań na ludzkich embrionach

Problematyka pobierania zarodkowych komórek macierzystych w oficjalnych stanowiskach Kościołów ewangelicko-luterańskich Szwecji i Norwegii

Początkowe stadia życia ludzkiego według Homera

Embrion jest osobą

Kryterium genetyczne w sporze o aborcję

Does benzo[a]pyrene affect the heart embryonic development?

Ochrana embrya a plodu v trestním a občanském právu

Parlamentarny spór o in vitro

Etyczne i prawne aspekty stosowania preparatu medycznego ellaOne czyli tzw. pigułki „pięć dni później”

La Legge del 25 giugno 2015 sulla cura dell’infertilità in Polonia – Valutazione morale

Nienarodzone dzieci – świętość życia poczętego. Aspekt teologiczny i moralny aborcji

Pseudo-Galen, Czy to, co znajduje się w łonie, jest istotą żywą?

Jawność danych dawców komórek rozrodczych i zarodków – wybrane zagadnienia

Początki życia ludzkiego w komentarzach patrystycznych

Infoetyka w praktyce. Przegląd argumentacji prasy wokół tematyki in vitro

Infoetyka w praktyce. Przegląd argumentacji prasy wokół tematyki in vitro