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EN
The text producer emphasizes a certain element of the text, i.e. a word, a phrase or even the whole utterance, in order to draw the text receiver’s attention and with the intention to “distinguish the important from the unimportant information” (Cirko 2013: 55). The aim of the paper is to investigate, firstly, to what extent the linguistic means of emphasis, such as lexical and syntactic ones, correspond to prosodic means of emphasis and secondly, how the text producers express their emotions in the emphasized text passages. The analysed data consists of extracts from parliamentary speeches made by MPs in German Bundestag.
EN
The author analyses several selected speeches of Italian politicians: the founder of the Forza Italia party, Silvio Berlusconi; the founder and leader of the Five Stars Movement, Beppe Grillo; and the current Prime Minister of Italy, Matteo Renzi. The study makes it possible to evaluate whether the conditions for the ideale Sprechsituation (the ideal speech situation) of Jürgen Habermas are fulfilled in analysing the public discourse. Particular attention will be given to the relationship between the persuasiveness of the communication and the problem of legitimacy.
EN
The author analyses several selected speeches of Italian politicians: the founder of the Forza Italia party, Silvio Berlusconi; founder and leader of the Movement Five Stars, Beppe Grillo; and the current Prime Minister of Italy, Matteo Renzi. The study makes it possible to evaluate whether the conditions for the ideale Sprechsituation of Jürgen Habermas is fulfilled in analysing public discourse. Particular attention will be given to the relationship between the persuasiveness of communication and the problem of legitimacy.
EN
The author analyses several selected speeches of Italian politicians: the founder of the Forza Italia party, Silvio Berlusconi; the founder and leader of the Five Stars Movement, Beppe Grillo; and the current Prime Minister of Italy, Matteo Renzi. The study makes it possible to evaluate whether the conditions for the ideale Sprechsituation (the ideal speech situation) of Jürgen Habermas are fulfilled in analysing the public discourse. Particular attention will be given to the relationship between the persuasiveness of the communication and the problem of legitimacy.
PL
Press horoscopes are short informative and persuasive texts addressed to a seemingly individualreader, who skims through the text in order to match the content and intention of press horoscopesto his or her ownsituation. The article deals with the selected linguistic means used in German presshoroscopes to draw thereader’s attention to certain text elements. The analysed data consists of extractsfrom press horoscopes inGerman weekly magazines for women (Bild der Frau, Freundin). Theaim of the paper is to investigatedifferent linguistic means (e.g. syntactic, lexical and typographicalones) used to draw the reader’s attentionin order to elaborate their preliminary subclassification.
EN
Press horoscopes are short informative and persuasive texts addressed to a seemingly individual reader, who skims through the text in order to match the content and intention of press horoscopes to his or her own situation. The article deals with the selected linguistic means used in German press horoscopes to draw the reader’s attention to certain text elements. The analysed data consists of extracts from press horoscopes in German weekly magazines for women (Bild der Frau, Freundin). The aim of the paper is to investigate different linguistic means (e.g. syntactic, lexical and typographical ones) used to draw the reader’s attention in order to elaborate their preliminary subclassification.
EN
This article draws attention to the ailment known as Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID). People affected by it are convinced that a particular limb does not correspond to their subjective body image. This discrepancy causing large discomfort is often eliminated through amputations. After selecting predominantly exchanged reasons for amputation of healthy limbs “on demand”, the specificity of the BIID is presented with particular emphasis on current research in broadly understood neuroscience. Research suggests congenital dysfunction of the right superior parietal lobule. The last part of the article lists the examples of the legal, ethical and social problems that may be associated with BIID, while stressing the role of neuroscience in attempts to solve these dilemmas.
EN
The relation between sentence stress and grammatical category is not a new problem, but largely ignored in recent research, in which such related topics as given/new information, focus and its scope and sentence stress have often been misdirected and misconstrued. Sentence stress placement has traditionally been described in terms of two conditions: (i) the stress must fall on a contextually new lexeme; (ii) it must fall as far towards the end of the utterance as possible. The main claim of the present paper is that in neutral intonation, the place of the “neutral” stress, as contrasted with the “emphatic”/“contrastive”/“corrective” stress, is controlled by the contextual information value of the noun. The analysis of simple transitive sentences in English, German and Polish, each with a different syntactic structure, allows for the following, specific claims: (a) sentence stress must fall on the contextually “new” noun if such is present; (b) sentence stress must not fall on a contextually “given” noun; (a) and (b) lead to the conclusion that other grammatical categories, regardless of whether they are “new” or “given,” get the stress only in the absence of a “new” noun. It is also suggested that in some cases the prosodic parameters may be irrelevant in distinguishing “neutral” from “emphatic” stress.
EN
“That I may rejoice in the joy of Thy nation”: On Pleonastic Constructions in Church Slavonic Redactions of the Book of PsalmsThis article focuses on pleonasms extracted from the OCS Psalterium Sinaiticum and investigates their preservation in later representatives of successive CS Psalter redactions. In order to examine the use of the constructions under scrutiny, the (O)CS Psalters have been compared with one another and with the Greek and the Hebrew patterns of translation. The study provides a detailed description of lexical choices with respect to pleonasms present in selected contexts of the Psalter. It also considers analogical structures discussed in the literature on the subject, stressing a specifically emphatic character of (O)CS Psalter pleonasms, similar to that of their Greek and Hebrew equivalents. As observed, the use of pleonasms in the compared (O)CS Psalters is distinctly consistent and generally based on the Greek/Hebrew sources. Cases that could testify to these Biblical stylistic structures having already become independent on the Slavic ground are noted as exceptions. „Obym się rozradował w rozradowaniu ludów Twoich”. Rzecz o konstrukcjach pleonastycznych w cerkiewnosłowiańskich redakcjach Księgi PsalmówArtykuł koncentruje się na pleonazmach wyekscerpowanych ze staro-cerkiewno-słowiańskiego Psałterza synajskiego. Ma na celu zbadanie ich zachowawczości w młodszych reprezentantach kolejnych cerkiewnosłowiańskich redakcji psałterzowych. Teksty (s)cs. psałterzy porównano między sobą oraz z greckimi i hebrajskimi wzorcami przekładowymi pod kątem użycia rozpatrywanych konstrukcji pleonastycznych. Szerzej opisano leksykalny wybór w odniesieniu do pleonazmów obecnych w wybranych kontekstach Psałterza. Uwagę poświęcono także analogicznym strukturom omówionym w literaturze przedmiotu. Podkreślono specyficzny emfatyczny charakter (s)cs. pleonazmów psałterzowych, podobny do ich grecko-hebrajskich ekwiwalentów. Wskazano na wyraźną zgodność co do użyć konstrukcji pleonastycznych w porównywanych (s)cs. psałterzach, z reguły uzasadnioną greckim/hebrajskim wzorcem (wzorcami). Przypadki mogące świadczyć o usamodzielnieniu się na gruncie słowiańskim analizowanych biblijnych struktur stylistycznych odnotowuje się jako wyjątki.
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Interdyscyplinarne ujęcie przymusu

63%
EN
Nowadays, compulsion is a very well-known, common and often used concept. Sometimes, this means that “compulsion” is such a typical and common word that we do not need to make any deep reflection to think and talk about it. But to know the real meaning of this concept we need to look for sources or consequences, so as to see that this is a very complicated concept. Analysis of this word as regards interdisciplinarity consists in checking the meaning of this word in many disciplines. It is useful to see all of the aspects of the concept for better understanding and better interpreting. And compulsion is, certainly, a part of everyone’s life.
PL
Przymus jest współcześnie pojęciem znanym, powszechnym i często wykorzystywanym w odniesieniu do wielu kategorii życiowych. Ta pozorna prostota definicji jest złudna, bowiem jest to zjawisko złożone, które możemy odnieść do szerokiej sfery społeczno-polityczno-ekonomicznej. Wiele czynników ma wpływ na odbiór zjawiska przymusu, wiele też zależy od danego punktu widzenia. Niewątpliwie ujęcie interdyscyplinarne pozwala w odniesieniu do różnych dziedzin nauki wypracować odmienne podejście od reprezentowanych przez dziedziny, na których się opiera. Przymus jest zjawiskiem, z którym niemal każdy musiał się spotkać, stąd dążenie autorki do pogłębienia refleksji o tym zjawisku, jak i próba usystematyzowania pewnych kategorii związanych z tym pojęciem.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje analizę przemówienia Baracka Obamy po wygraniu pierwszych wyborów prezydenckich oraz jego polskiego tłumaczenia. Analiza skupia się na wyeliminowaniu powtórzeń w tłumaczeniu, co zmieniło wagę i efekt przemówienia. Zastosowano kilka koncepcji teoretycznych w celu wyjaśnienia, w jaki sposób te zmiany prowadzą do strat w tłumaczeniu, a przez to strat w przekazie przemówienia: przekład jawny (overt translation), ekwiwalencja funkcjonalna oraz utrata znaczenia/wagi (loss of materiality). Głównym źródłem motywacji do napisania tej analizy była chęć prześledzenia sposobów, w jakie cel, któremu służy dyskurs polityczny w języku oryginalnym oraz kontekst socjo-polityczny są potraktowane w tłumaczeniu i czemu to służy.
EN
The paper presents an analysis of Barack Obama’s first presidential victory speech and its Polish translation. The analysis focuses on loss of repetitions in translation, resulting in modified meaning and effect of the original speech in the target text. Several theoretical vehicles are employed in the paper to explain how those shifts lead to loss in translation and, hence, affect Obama’s message: overt translation, functional equivalence and loss of materiality. The main motivation behind this paper was a desire to investigate ways in which the purpose that political discourse serves in the original language and socio-political context is handled in translation and to what ends.
EN
The article discusses Biblical Hebrew realizations of classical quantifiers, general and existential ones, both in assertive sentences and in combination with negation. Particular attention is paid to various quantifying expressions concerning the man and time, whose interpretation depends on a given field of interpretation. The problem of formula emphasizing and category illogicality of the expression ‘everything apart from’ has been highlighted and the major differences between the realizations of quantifier formulas in classical Hebrew and contemporary Polish have been outlined.
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