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EN
As we read in their introductions, papal encyclicals are documents aimed at not only the clergy, but all the faithful of Catholic Church as well as at people of goodwill. All the more, should the thoughts handed down by St Peter's successors be not only the source of information but most of all the material for in-depth analysis or commitment. It strangely happens that the nation declaring in majority its affiliation to Catholic Church, the nation being so fortunate by giving the world this great witness of God's love to man, shows hardly any interest in his teachings. We prefer to remember the Pope John Paul II as the moral and scientific authority, not knowing exactly what hidden massages are implicit in these notions, as well as worship him on posters and T-shirts. In an international competition concerning John Paul II.s teaching, it could turn out that his countrymen know very little of what he had to tell us. The author of the article wishes to draw readers' attention to some key elements of papal teaching, among which the focal points are subjective . personal role of man in the world, transcendental dimension of human being, personalistic perspective of man with his relation to work and the status of the latter, as well as its significance in man´s development. Tomasz Tadeusz Brzozowski has made these issues the subject of his analysis, which has been detailed and deepened by relating them to John Paul II's teaching expressed in his social encyclical, also provided with the author's commentary. If the content of this article influences at least to a small extent a bit deeper reception of papal teachings, it will accomplish its aim filling its author with satisfaction.
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 1
27-38
PL
Autor artykułu analizuje treści moralne związane z Maryją w encyklikach papieży Benedykta XVI i Franciszka. Tematyka tych dokumentów wskazuje na potrzebę dowartościowania we współczesnej praktyce życia i teologii przede wszystkim cnót teologalnych, także w ich wymiarze społecznym. W tym kontekście Maryja stanowi wzór moralny doprowadzony do doskonałości, dzięki jej otwarciu na słowo Boże i łaskę Ducha Świętego.
EN
The author of this article analyses the moral issues connected with Mary in encyclicals of Popes Benedict XVI and Francis. The nature of the issues raised in those documents points to the necessity of giving priority in the contemporary praxis of life and theology to theological virtues, also in their social dimension. In this context, Mary constitutes an example of morality brought to perfection due to her openness to the Word of God and the grace of the Holy Spirit.
EN
The author describes and analyzes the formation of the two mass political blocs in Polish environments – socialist and nationalist ones at the turn of the 20th century. Having been created as secret structures, both movements were primarily based on secular ideologies. Their main goal was the fight for independence. However, they began to differ in methods and means concerning its achievement over time. The socialists combined the struggle for independence with social revolution, not excluding even armed struggle; the nationalists on the contrary wanted to regain the independence by means of compromise, evolvement, not excluding national uprisings. In time, the amicable attitude of the nationalists was backed by the Polish Church, which was thereby fulfilling the recommendations and expectations of the Holy See.
PL
Autorka opisuje i analizuje kształtowanie się w środowiskach polskich przełomu XIX i XX wieku dwóch masowych bloków politycznych – socjalistycznego i nacjonalistycznego. Oba nurty powstawały jako struktury tajne, oba też w swych początkach stały na gruncie ideologii świeckich, a ich celem była walka o niepodległość. Z czasem zaczynały się różnić co do metod i środków osiągania założonego celu. Socjaliści walkę o niepodległość łączyli z rewolucją socjalną, nie wykluczali także walki zbrojnej; nacjonaliści do niepodległości chcieli dojść metodami ugodowymi, ewolucyjnymi, wykluczając kolejne powstania narodowe. Z czasem po stronie ugodowej postawy nacjonalistów opowiedział się polski Kościół hierarchiczny, który w ten sposób wypełniał również zalecenia i oczekiwania Stolicy Apostolskiej.
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