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EN
The work attempts at defining the category of “literary generation” from the standpoint of literary criticism and sociology of literature. The author summarizes the theses of Kazimierz Wyka’s Pokolenia literackie [Literary Generations] and shows how the notion itself lost its interpretative potential. Later on, he focuses on such notions as “generational experience” and “humanist rightness.” By analysing the notion of “identity” in post-modern discourse, in turn, he shows that in fact it impossible today to think about generations in a way proposed by Wyka. Finally, a conclusion is presented regarding “generation” as still viable analytical category, but only when treated as a conscious self-proclamation of writing projecting themselves as such. 
EN
The work attempts at defining the category of “literary generation” from the standpoint of literary criticism and sociology of literature. The author summarizes the theses of Kazimierz Wyka’s Pokolenia literackie [Literary Generations] and shows how the notion itself lost its interpretative potential. Later on, he focuses on such notions as “generational experience” and “humanist rightness.” By analysing the notion of “identity” in post-modern discourse, in turn, he shows that in fact it impossible today to think about generations in a way proposed by Wyka. Finally, a conclusion is presented regarding “generation” as still viable analytical category, but only when treated as a conscious self-proclamation of writing projecting themselves as such. 
EN
The aim of the article is to present the human and non-human relations of the city’s inhabitants in the poetry of Ilona Witkowska. The author, using the perspective of interdisciplinary HAS (Human-Animal Studies) research, analyses individual works included in the collections of poems Splendida realta (2012) and Lucifer wins (2017), showing the links between Witkowska’s politically engaged poetry and selected threads of contemporary biopolitical thought. The author tries to show places in Witkowska’s reflection on the relationship of people and animals in urban space which can be connected with the animal turn in the humanities and political philosophy.
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2022
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vol. Special Issue
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issue 17
141-151
EN
This article aims to analyse the motives, language, and religious figures in the poems of Szczepan Kopyt which deal with the issues of social inequality, systemic violence, and the unequal distribution of goods. The author suggests/posits that post-secular rhetoric in modern engaged poetry aims to criticize the capitalist system based on economic differences and to consolidate social structures, exposing the principles according to which violence is legitimized within neoliberal capitalism. The author shows how the poet uses the language of religion to talk about class inequalities. The article discusses the most important rhetorical figures used in Szczepan Kopyt’s poems as well as characteristics of the language of the Bible or prayer forms, highlighting threads embedded in the religious imagination (such as the theme of salvation or the apocalypse), which – when recontextualized – constitute an important tool for criticizing systemic inequalities.
EN
An important, though underestimated theme in Polish poetry written by women is the thread of poetry engaged in social and political matters, thematizing the connection between literature and civic life. Poetesses are often accused of not rooting their works in history and of unwillingness to bring up current topics. Yet the problem is not the lack of interest in history and its political and social dimension, but the distinct way of its conceptualization, the relationship between the individual – though not always revealing its sex – subjective “I” in relation to history and challenges of its times. That is manifested, among others, in poems by Wisława Szymborska, Krystyna Miłobędzka, Bogusława Latawiec and Urszula Kozioł, which, to a different degree, exhibit the strategies of personalization, autobiographication, somatization and trivialization, characteristic of women’s poetry regarding the martial law period in Poland.
Praktyka Teoretyczna
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2021
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vol. 40
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issue 2
229-249
EN
The article presents a selected formative projects of polish poetry after 1989-especially contemporary engaged poetry-that have been frequently discussed so far. The author connects the term ‘generation’ with identity issues, however-contrary to Kazimierz Wyka-he does not understand it as an effect of generational experience, but rather as a part of an identity project. The author claims that the contemporary poets’ generations should be considered in the terms of conventionality, therefore the aim is to link an individual biography up to a broader context of a community’s biography. Moreover it stems from an idea of collective socio-political engagement. The ‘generation’ understood this way is no longer just a term of literary history, but on the contrary-a relevant interpretative tool.
PL
W artykule krótko zaprezentowano kilka najszerzej dyskutowanych inicjatyw formacyjnych w poezji polskiej po roku 1989, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem najnowszej poezji zaangażowanej. Autor wiąże pojęcie „pokolenie” z problematyką tożsamości, ale w przeciwieństwie do tradycyjnego ujęcia Kazimierza Wyki rozumie ją nie tyle jako efekt doświadczenia generacyjnego, ale przede wszystkim jako element projektu tożsamościowego. Stawia tezę, że pokoleniowość poetek i poetów współczesnych należy rozumieć w kategoriach konwencji, mającej na celu wpisanie biografii jednostek w szerszy kontekst biografii wspólnotowej, a także będącej programem kolektywnego zaangażowania w życie społeczne i polityczne. Tak rozumiane pojęcie „pokolenie” przestaje być wyłącznie historycznoliteracką etykietą i stanowić może istotną kategorię analityczną.
EN
The article presents and interpretation of a Stanisław Barańczak’s poem Łono przyrody [The Bosom of Nature], seldom discussed by specialists. This seemingly simple poem from the volume Ja wiem, że to niesłuszne [I Know It’s Not Right] (1977) elaborates on the common idiomatic phrase ‘the bosom of nature’ and proves to be a masterful and intricate artistic declaration of existential and political disobedience. The “I” of Barańczak’s poem is something of a lapsus of Nature and History, standing in opposition to the mindless existence and enslavement of the communist state. In this sense he is very similar to the subject of Wisława Szymborska’s verse. Her poetic oeuvre, translated and discussed on numerous occasions by Barańczak himself, is indeed an important interpretive context here. The article points to the relationships between specific texts by both poets and depicts similarities and differences between their poetic outlooks.
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