Search results

1

The safety of an enslaved person

100%

Pieczywok A.

Cybersecurity and Law

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2021

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vol. 5

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issue 1

105-115

EN

This paper demonstrates personal safety as a vital element in a human being’s life, as the number and types of threats are growing. People quite often experience enslavement in various aspects of their functioning. It is not always the result of external threats, but also of individual No.s. A human being has many options, and a multitude of possibilities and opportunities, while these in turn can create chaos. Contemporary enslavement is growing increasingly rapidly on the global scale, having spread across nearly all spheres of life. Enslavement has also become multidimensional, similarly to freedom. This paper encompasses the characteristics of an enslaved person, and the sense of personal freedom. The central concept of this paper shows that personal (individual, human) safety, together with the sense of peace, stability, and own development, are the most important values in the life of every human being.

2

Wolni zniewoleni. Współczesna Rumunia w filmie „Policjant, przymiotnik” Corneliu Porumboiu

100%

Łomanowska I.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2016

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vol. 2

169-182

EN

The main research problem in the article is the problem of the post-dependency condition of the contemporary Romanian society. The author reminds us of the specific political transformation and situation after 1989 in this region, and briefly presents the current political-economic state of the country. Elements of the previous political system still functions there and affects the mentality of Romanians. This thesis is presented in the movie “Police, Adjective” (2009) by Corneliu Porumboiu. Having analyzed it, the author argues that the result of the unfinished revolution twenty years ago was the rise of a not fully democraticstate. Decades of, firstly, the communist regime, then dictatorship, and finally the post-communist reign still has a strong impact on Romanian society, so it can be considered as mentally enslaved.

3

Virtual enslavement in the world of network games

100%

Kowalczuk K.

Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze

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2020

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vol. 592(7)

20-28

EN

The article deals with the problem of enslavement in the virtual world with special emphasis on network games, which are currently the most popular among young users. It analysed three phases of player enslavement in a digital game environment, including: intoxication, addiction and withdrawal. The presentation and detailed description of each phase was intended to show the complexity of this phenomenon. Focusing on the extensive and important topic which is enslavement in the world of games gives the image of gaming as an entertainment extremely tempting with attractiveness, but also dangerous, leading to excessive involvement. Awareness of these threats allows for effective elimination and monitoring of areas that can pose a real danger to young users of digital space.

4

The Spoils of War “Divided into Three Parts”: A Comparison between Two Accounts in Skylitzes’ Synopsis historiarum and Kritoboulos’ History of Mehmed the Conqueror

86%

Hristov Y., Kitanov V.

Studia Ceranea

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2020

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vol. 10

295-319

EN

One can say without hesitation that during the highly dynamic medieval epoch rivalries and military clashes were of paramount importance in the struggles for dominance over the Balkan Peninsula. During the entire period, war-time activities included the capturing of those who had the misfortune to fall into the hands of the enemy. Various groups of soldiers and civilians alike have repeatedly tested the bitterness of captivity. Attempts to trace the fate of war-captives are, for understandable reasons, directly dependent on the data in the written records. The comparison of the various historical accounts is rather typical, even if the records deal with events that are different in time, place and participants. The present paper also compares two descriptions. This study encompasses two well-known historical accounts: the first one is from the chronicle (Synopsis historiarum) of John Skylitzes, while the second one is excerpted from Kritoboulos’ History of Mehmed the Conqueror. Despite all distinctions, there are some particular similarities. Both fragments concern the division of the spoils of war and the fate of the captured population and provide additional knowledge of the practices relating to prisoners of war in the Balkan medieval past.

5

Penalties in action in classical Athens. A preliminary survey

72%

Kucharski J.

Classica Cracoviensia

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2014

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issue 17

117-144

EN

This paper attempts to look at the inner workings of the punitive system in ancient Athens. After a brief survey of the range of penalties available in Classical Athens (capital punishment, exile and outlawry, disenfranchisement, financial penalties, imprisonment, corporal penalties), it proceeds first to examine their nature (as they frequently fail to meet our criteria of punishment), and then to map them on the substance vs. procedure controversy regarding the Athenian legal system. The last two sections of the paper are devoted to the manner in which penalties were imposed (summary punishment, punishment by sentence, “automatic” punishment) and executed (private vs. public execution of court verdicts; coercive measures etc.).

6

The Aporias of Open Society

72%

Walentowicz H.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2016

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issue 2

113-127

EN

In the first part of The Aporias of Open Society the author enters a polemic with the views of Karl R. Popper, who links open society to capitalism, sees it endangered by totalitarianism, and considers Plato, Hegel and Marx as its intellectual fathers. In the second part she makes broad reference to the findings of global capitalism scholars, including Popper student George Soros, in defining the capitalist system’s self-destructive traits, which she sees as confirmation of Soros’ claim that open society’s most serious enemy today is itself.

7

„Dzieci” Bolesława Prusa, czyli „robota nad wolnością”

72%

Kowalczuk U.

Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo

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2014

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issue 4(7)

69-83

EN

The article aims to present the complexity of Bolesław Prus’s reflection on collective and individual freedom in the context of the 1905 events. In Children the authordepicts the paradox of the situation, political enslavement generates the obligation to fight for freedom on terms and conditions which are independent of those who must take up the struggle. A kind of distance towards the fate of Poland and the possibility of choosing one’s own attitude to life are hard to find in the world of Prus’s protagonists. The writer’s diagnoses correspond to the greatest questions concerning the identity of Central Europe.

8

Proces zdrowienia Perspektywa kobiet uzależnionych od alkoholu

72%

Włodarczyk E.

Pedagogika Społeczna

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2016 (R. XV)

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issue 4(62)

135-153

PL

Człowiek uzależniony od alkoholu doświadcza całego wachlarza destruktywnych konsekwencji tego uzależnienia, dotykających jego ciała i umysłu. Wiążą się one z jego wielowymiarowym zniewoleniem, przybierającym różnorakie postacie. Stopniowy proces wyzwalania się spod dyktatury alkoholu, pełen mozolnej pracy osoby uzależnionej, może zaowocować skonstruowaniem przez nią ram dla życia o nowym kształcie, wartości i jakości. Wspierając się na wynikach badań własnych, w których próbę badawczą stanowiły kobiety uzależnione od alkoholu, uchwycone bądź w trakcie udziału w terapii bądź po jej zakończeniu, odtworzyć można ich niełatwą drogę od zniewoleń i strat generowanych przez uzależnienie od alkoholu do poszukiwania i samookreślania nowej – trzeźwej siebie i budowania swojego nowego, przeżywanego na trzeźwo świata i życia.

EN

Person addicted to alcohol is experiencing many destructive consequences of his addiction, on his body and mind. They are associated with its multidimensional enslavement in different forms. The gradual process of liberation from dictatorship of alcohol, full of hard addicted person’s work, may result in the construction of its framework for the life of the new form, value and quality. On the basis of own research results, which were studied women dependent on alcohol during therapy or after, it’s possible to show their hard way of enslavements and losses generated by dependence on alcohol to seek and create by them a newsober themselves and their new sober world.

9

Między godnością a zniewoleniem. Naukowa refleksja na temat dziecka w perspektywie historycznej w jubileuszu czterdziestolecia białostockiej szkoły historii wychowania

72%

Kalisz Ł.

Nauki o Wychowaniu. Studia Interdyscyplinarne

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2020

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vol. 11

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issue 2

283-290

EN

The article presents the achievements of the Department of Education History of the Faculty of Education Sciences at the University of Białystok on its 40th anniversary. The author presents the most important achievements of the team of Bialystok’s educational historians led by Professor Elwira Krynska. A special research area, described in the article, is the issue of the dignity and enslavement of the child in the historical perspective. The article also aims to present the main assumptions of the VIII National Scientific Conference The Child in History – between dignity and enslavement, which is planned for 24–25 May, 2021.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia osiągnięcia Katedry Historii Wychowania Wydziału Nauk o Edukacji Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku w jubileuszu 40-lecia istnienia. Autor zaprezentował najważniejsze osiągnięcia zespołu białostockich historyków wychowania, kierowanych przez profesor Elwirę Kryńską. Szczególnym obszarem badawczym opisanym w artykule są zagadnienia godności i zniewolenia dziecka w perspektywie historycznej. Artykuł ma także na celu zaprezentowanie głównych założeń VIII Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej Dziecko w historii – między godnością a zniewoleniem, która została zaplanowana na 24–25 maja 2021 r.

10

Freedom and Kenosis: A Reading of Nicolas Berdyaev’s Philosophy of Freedom

72%

Dekert T.

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2013

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vol. 18

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issue 2

191–205

EN

This article proposes to look at the concept of freedom formulated by Nicholas Berdyaev in his early work, Philosophy of Freedom, through the prism of kenotic Christology. The kenotic nature of the Incarnation of the Son of God, as it was described in the St. Paul’s Letter to the Philippians and developed later by the Christian tradition, was connected with His renunciation of his own infinitude—adopting the “form of a servant” and embracing the limits of the human body. It was an absolutely free act of the divine Person, who revealed to man his own divine model and opened up for him the possibility of its implementation, i.e., the way to becoming a person. For Berdyaev, this possibility is conditioned by the ability to engage in a free act of kenosis, involving the renunciation of the compulsions of reason that have entangled us in natural forms of necessity and that reduce us to mere cogs in the machinery of nature. According to Berdyaev, this way of human kenosis is faith. The act of faith, understood as a rejection of the tendency to seek security through compelling evidence, constitutes a person in his/her uniqueness, and performatively realizes the similarity to God potentially present in every human.

11

Przeciw zniewoleniu człowieka i narodów. Aksjologiczny aspekt posłannictwa Sługi Bożego księdza Franciszka Blachnickiego

72%

Żywczok A.

Paedagogia Christiana

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2023

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vol. 2/51

55-91

PL

Artykuł stanowi rekonstrukcję biograficzną oraz propozycję interpretacji tej części dziedzictwa ks . Franciszka Blachnickiego, która dotyczy problematyki wolności i wyzwolenia, mieszczących się w specyfice aksjologii . Zaprezentowaniu wyników ba-dań służy odpowiednia struktura artykułu . W jego części początkowej sprecyzowano zasadnicze pojęcia, podano założenia metodologiczne, a także nakreślono wizerunek ks . Franciszka Blachnickiego jako człowieka wolnego po to, by fakty biograficzne usytu-ować w szerszym kontekście . Następnie dokonano uściśleń, w wyniku których ukazano jego pojmowanie wolności indywidualnej i procesu wyzwolenia . Wyodrębniono oraz opisano ich przeciwieństwa (z genealogią), takie jak swawola, niewola i zniewolenie, odnalezione w dorobku Blachnickiego . Przekaz ten wzbogacono wskazówkami, które można uznać za sugestie etyczne, społeczne i wychowawcze Blachnickiego skierowane do współczesnych ludzi . Spuścizna ta stanowi oryginalne, inspirujące studium du-chowe, dlatego warto zadbać o odpowiednie odczytywanie przez kolejne pokolenia zawartego w nim pouczenia oraz przesłania .

EN

The article is a biographical reconstruction and a proposal for the interpreta-tion of that part of the legacy of Father Francis Blachnicki which concerns the issues of freedom and liberation, falling within the specifics of axiology . The presentation of the research findings is served by the appropriate structure of the article . In its initial part, the fundamental concepts are clarified, methodological assumptions are given, and the image of Father Francis Blachnicki as a free man is outlined in order to place the biographical facts in a broader context . Subsequently, clarifications are made, as a result of which his understanding of individual freedom and the process of liberation are shown . Their opposites (with genealogy), such as swagger, bondage and enslavement, found in Blachnicki’s oeuvre, are isolated and described . The message was enriched with hints that can be considered as Blachnicki’s ethical, social and educational sug-gestions addressed to people in the contemporary context . This legacy is an original and inspiring spiritual study, so it is worth ensuring that the instruction and message contained in it are properly understood by future generations .

12

Condições geohistóricas da formação territorial do Brasil – sesmarias, processo missionário e escravização indígena no Rio São Francisco

58%

Santos Junior A. A.

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

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2019

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issue 23

219-234

EN

Accompanying the movements in the time and space of the processes of domination of the peoples and territorialization of the indigenous lands, we present an analysis on the initial geohistorical conditions of the Brazilian territorial formation and of the colonial occupation in Sergipe, placing as material bases of these conditions the sesmarias, the missionary process, and indigenous enslavement at the São Francisco River. To this end, we emphasize geography as a theoretical-methodological framework possible to apply as an active element in the search for the exemplification of the conflict that we try to explain.

ES

Acompanhando os movimentos no tempo e espaço dos processos de dominação dos povos e territorialização das terras indígenas, apresentamos esse texto como uma análise sobre as condições geo-histórias iniciais da formação territorial do Brasil e da ocupação colonial em Sergipe, situando como bases materiais destas condições as sesmarias, o processo missionário e a escravização indígena no Rio São Francisco. Nesse intento, enaltecemos a geografia como um arcabouço teórico-metodológicos capaz de ser apropriado como elemento ativo na busca pelo equacionamento da conflitualidade que nos propomos a compreender.

13

Zło magii w pastoralnych wskazaniach Ojców Kościoła

58%

Wygralak P.

Vox Patrum

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2013

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vol. 59

303-316

EN

The article took up the problem of evil in magic in the teaching of the Church Fathers. The ancient priests were convinced that magic was the work of the devil himself. Even the pagan world believed that every mage must have had his own demon, who was the source of their strength. Thus a mage remains at a constant relationship with the devil on whom he is dependent. It can be even said that magic leads inevitably to the worship of the devil. Those who practice magic or seek advice from fortune-tellers and astrologers, put themselves at the devil’s disposal, since they make their life decisions dependent on the results of divination or star system. The most serious form of enslavement is demonic possession. Few of the Church Fathers links possession with magic practice, whereas all agree that magic seriously weakens confidence in Divine Providence and leads to a spiritual split, which results in simultaneous participation in the Christian practices and the use of magic services.

14

Homo inrogatus – Emil Korytko w świetle listów do rodziny

58%

Wiśniewska-Krupa J.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

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2014

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vol. 62

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issue 1: Literatura Polska

011-022

PL

Emil Korytko w Polsce pozostaje postacią prawie nieznaną, chociaż Bożena Ostromęcka-Frączak starała się w latach osiemdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku przybliżyć rodakom jego dorobek etnograficzno-literacki. W niniejszym artykule autorka podejmuje próbę spojrzenia na korespondencję młodego człowieka jako na literackie świadectwo, dokumentujące losy jednego z polskich więźniów politycznych, żyjących w pierwszej połowie XIX stulecia. Listy te pokazują, iż wyrok władz, zmuszający skazańca do opuszczenia rodzinnej ziemi, staje się bezpośrednim powodem jego klęski: 1. pozostaje on na utrzymaniu rodziny, co komplikuje relacje na linii syn–rodzice; 2. Emil z trudem realizuje swe plany naukowo-literackie, pod koniec życia nie wie nawet, czy jego praca zostanie opublikowana; 3. nędzne warunki, w jakich żył Korytko, doprowadzają go do choroby, a potem śmierci. Ponadto w listach obecne są elementy świadomego stylizowania się Emila na kontynuatora szkoły Zoriana Dołęgi-Chodakowskiego oraz romantyka-byronistę, człowieka samotnego, wyobcowanego ze świata, w którym żyje. Mało znana badaczom literatury romantyczniej korespondencja Korytki pozwala lepiej zrozumieć tragizm ludzi, których życie w znacznej mierze naznaczone zostało przez historię ruchów narodowowyzwoleńczych.

EN

Emil Korytko remains an unknown person in Poland, although in the 1980s Bożena Ostromęcka-Frączak tried to make Poles familiar with his ethnographic-literary work. The author makes an attempt to look at the young man’s correspondence as a literary testimony documenting the vicissitudes of one of Polish political prisoners living in the first half of the 19th century. Those letters show that the authorities’ verdict making the convict leave his homeland becomes the direct reason of his defeat: 1. He is still supported by his family, which makes the relations between the son and his parents more complicated; 2. Emil finds carrying out his scientific-literary plans hard, and at the end of his life he does not even know if his work will be published; 3. The deplorable conditions Korytko lived under make him fall ill, and ultimately die. Moreover, his letters show that he consciously posed as a continuator of Zorian Dołęga-Mostowicz’s school, and a Romantic – Byronist, a lonely man, alienated from the world he lives in. Korytko’s correspondence that is not very well known to those who study Romantic literature, allows a better understanding the tragic vicissitudes of people whose life was to alarge degree affected by history of national independence movements.

15

La possessione demoniaca nei santi

51%

Nanni G.

Roczniki Teologiczne

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2019

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vol. 66

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issue 5: Teologia duchowości

147-175

EN

Very rare are the saints experiencing possession. Even less often they are documented in writing. Of course, there are testimonies that the Saints were violently attacked by a demon, but very little is said about cases of possession or enslavement. There is extensive documentation of two cases of people proclaimed saints – two Carmelite nuns: Saint. Maria Magdalena de ’Pazzi (1566-1607) and Saint. Maria Baouardy (1846-1878), “Little Arab Woman”. The example of the Saints who were temporarily possessed during their lives creates a rich source of very important and practical information about God’s power and the role of Satan in the economy of human salvation. This information can talk to the theological reflection and to the exorcists themselves, and also – as a consolation – for all who experience similar states. Saints possessed by a demon teach us how and why this happens, as well as testify that above all there is a merciful and powerful God who saves man.

PL

Bardzo rzadkie są przypadki, kiedy święci mają doświadczenie opętania. Jeszcze rzadziej są one pisemnie dokumentowane. Oczywiście istnieją świadectwa o tym, że święci byli gwałtownie atakowani przez demona, ale bardzo niewiele mówi się o przypadkach opętania czy zniewolenia. Istnieje bogata dokumentacja dwóch przypadków osób ogłoszonych świętymi – chodzi o dwie karmelitanki: św. Marię Magdalenę de’ Pazzi (1566-1607) i św. Marię Baouardy (1846-1878), „Małą Arabkę”. Przykład świętych, którzy byli za życia czasowo opętani, tworzy bogate źródło bardzo ważnych i praktycznych informacji na temat mocy Bożej i roli szatana w ekonomii zbawienia człowieka. Informacje te mogą pomóc w refleksji teologicznej oraz samym egzorcystom, a także – jako pocieszenie – dla wszystkich, którzy podobnych stanów doświadczają. Święci, opętani przez demona, uczą nas jak i dlaczego tak się dzieje, jak również świadczą, że ponad wszystkim jest miłosierny i pełen mocy Bóg, który ocala człowieka.

16

Cyprian Norwid’s thoughts on independence

51%

Toruń W.

Perspektywy Kultury

|

2019

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vol. 24

|

issue 1

9-22

PL

Prezentowany szkic Cypriana Norwida myśli o niepodległości uwzględnia tylko wypowiedzi Cypriana Norwida po 1864 r., po upadku powstania styczniowego. Jako punkt wyjścia rozważań przyjęto najważniejszy dla poruszanej problematyki tekst z 1869 r. rozprawki epistolarnej Walka-polska, skierowanej do Agatona Gillera. Podstawowa teza rozprawki, iż Polacy „umieją bić się”, ale „nie umieją walczyć”, jest jednym z głównych założeń krytycznego poglądu Norwida na temat polskich dróg do niepodległości. Poza rozprawką Walka-polska, powyższy szkic przypomina jeszcze inne teksty Norwida, ważne dla problematyki niepodległości. Chodzi o [Odezwę w sprawie udziału Polaków w wojnie francusko-pruskiej] z 1870 r. oraz Odpowiedź Cypriana Kamila N. niektórym obywatelom o stanie rzeczy narodowej zapytującym z okresu wojny rosyjsko-tureckiej z 1877 r. Wymienione dyskursywne teksty dopełnia wiersz Norwida Co robić?, w którym pada zasadnicze dla problematyki niepodległości pytanie: „Co począć w rozebranym kraju?”. Zamieszczone w szkicu rozważania zamykają uwagi Norwida na temat znaczenia duchowej niepodległości, której waga niekiedy mogła być istotniejsza niż niepodległość rozumiana tylko politycznie.

EN

The presented sketch on Norwid’s thoughts on independence takes into account only the statements of Cyprian Norwid after 1864, following the fall of the January Uprising. As a starting point for discussion, the crucial 1869 text for the discussed issues was used: the epistolary essay Walka-polska, addressed to Agaton Giller. The main thesis of this essay is that Poles “know how to do battle” but “they cannot fight” and it is one of the main objectives of Norwid’s critical view on the Polish road to independence. Besides this essay, the above sketch brings back other texts by Norwid, important for the issues of independence. It discusses Odezwa w sprawie udziału Polaków w wojnie francusko-pruskiej [The call on the participation of Poles in the Franco- Prussian War] of 1870 and Odpowiedź Cypriana Kamila N. niektórym obywatelom o stanie rzeczy narodowej zapytującym [Cyprian Kamil N.’s answer to some citizens asking about the state of national affairs] from the period of Russo-Turkish War in 1877. These discursive texts are completed by a verse from Norwid’s poem Co robić? where the crucial question on the issue of independence is asked: “What to do in the dismembered country.” Norwid’s comments on the meaning of spiritual independence, the importance of which could sometimes be more important than independence understood only politically close the considerations included in this sketch.

Refine search results

The safety of an enslaved person

Wolni zniewoleni. Współczesna Rumunia w filmie „Policjant, przymiotnik” Corneliu Porumboiu

Virtual enslavement in the world of network games

The Spoils of War “Divided into Three Parts”: A Comparison between Two Accounts in Skylitzes’ Synopsis historiarum and Kritoboulos’ History of Mehmed the Conqueror

Penalties in action in classical Athens. A preliminary survey

The Aporias of Open Society

„Dzieci” Bolesława Prusa, czyli „robota nad wolnością”

Proces zdrowienia Perspektywa kobiet uzależnionych od alkoholu

Między godnością a zniewoleniem. Naukowa refleksja na temat dziecka w perspektywie historycznej w jubileuszu czterdziestolecia białostockiej szkoły historii wychowania

Freedom and Kenosis: A Reading of Nicolas Berdyaev’s Philosophy of Freedom

Przeciw zniewoleniu człowieka i narodów. Aksjologiczny aspekt posłannictwa Sługi Bożego księdza Franciszka Blachnickiego

Condições geohistóricas da formação territorial do Brasil – sesmarias, processo missionário e escravização indígena no Rio São Francisco

Zło magii w pastoralnych wskazaniach Ojców Kościoła

Homo inrogatus – Emil Korytko w świetle listów do rodziny

La possessione demoniaca nei santi

Cyprian Norwid’s thoughts on independence