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EN
The issues of professional training for future environmental engineers training are considered in the article. The methodical bases of teaching environmental monitoring have been developed and substantiated for the application in the learning process through the implementation of inter-disciplinary approach. The basic components of training future environmental engineers have been defined and analysis of the formation of professional system-modeling competencies in environ-mental monitoring have been conducted.
EN
The paper presents categorization of models used in environmental monitoring taking into account the factors of emissions into the air, and the impact of road transport emissions. The information collected was related to the share of road transport in the creation of the emission in the Lodz region, analyzed as a case study. Types of substances were classified according to their harmfulness and intensity derived from traffic sources. Particular attention has been given to the issue of dispersion models used in environmental monitoring, the practice of their use and suitability for road transport.
EN
The analysis of the basic principles of environmental monitoring and executive functions au-thorities of environmental monitoring system was made. The method of improvement the ecologi-cal environment monitoring by means of social and environmental monitoring was proposed.
EN
Illegal extraction of gold has grown to be a problem in many countries, causing the degradation of the environment. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate changes in tree cover and surface pollution. The development of a mine site has been observed and analysed with images acquired from Landsat and the Sentinel missions. The results of the study showed changes in the state of the environment, strongly suggesting the possibility of ongoing pyrite weathering processes and the transportation of clay materials down watercourses, which can cause not only the further deterioration of the environment but also slow down the natural regeneration of the forest. In addition, research has found disturbing changes in vegetation, showing a loss of tree cover in the Amazon Rainforest as high as 17%. The validity of using remote sensing methods to observe the development of individual mining sites and their characteristics was confirmed.
EN
BackgroundAbout 8 million healthcare workers in the USA are potentially exposed to hazardous drugs or their toxic metabolites over a long period of time despite the fact that both the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the European Parliament recommend the monitoring of exposure among workers dealing with substances which have carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic effects on the reproductive system. The objective of this study is to determine exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) among pharmaceutical industry workers, and to develop a methodology which promotes the accurate monitoring, evaluation and control of exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients, also in compliance with good manufacturing practice.Material and MethodsThe pilot study was designed in accordance with “Sterile Drug Products Produced by Aseptic Processing – Current Good Manufacturing Practice,” issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The samples were collected with the swab technique which was recommended in the “Validation of Cleaning Processes (7/93)” guideline. The minimum numbers of locations (NL = 9) and sampling points (NL(T) = 63) were determined according to ISO 14644-1:2015 “Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments” issued by the International Organization for Standardization. The samples were analyzed using an ultra performance liquid chromatography system, with an analytical method which was developed and validated according to “Q7A, Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients” issued by the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. The low limit of quantification of the employed method (17 ng/ml) enables the determination of exposure at low concentrations.ResultsWhile contamination was detected in 43 (68.3%) of the 63 samples collected, 20 (31.7%) could not be detected. The environmental monitoring results ranged 0–15 000 ng/cm2 and the potential risk of exposure to API was considered to be >2 g.ConclusionsThe results clearly prove and reveal the magnitude of the hazard, both objectively and scientifically, when compared to the research which suggests that 10 ng/cm2 should be considered the prohibitory risk level in quantitative terms.
EN
ObjectivesHydrogen peroxide (HP) accounts for 15% of the total global chemical revenue. According to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, the HP concentration immediately dangerous to human life or health is 75 ppm. Operators exposed to HP should pay attention when choosing the monitoring technique that should be specific and sensitive enough to discriminate the exposure levels from background concentrations. In order to assess the long- and short-term exposure to HP in disinfection processes, the authors compared 6 industrial hygiene monitoring methods to evaluate their efficiency in measuring airborne HP concentrations.Material and MethodsAirborne HP concentrations were evaluated using an on-fiber triphenylphosphine solid-phase microextraction method, and they were compared with those obtained using a 13-mm Swinnex titanium oxysulfate filter holder and 4 portable direct-reading electrochemical sensors. A survey carried out in wood pulp bleaching, food and beverage disinfection processing, and in a hospital department to reduce the risk of spreading nosocomial infections, was performed during routine operations to access the risk of HP occupational exposure.ResultsThrough the generation of HP gaseous dynamic atmospheres (0.1–85 ppm), the authors evaluated the consistency of the results obtained using the 6 methods described. The monitoring campaigns showed that the increase in HP could be relatively high (until 67 ppm) in food and beverage processing.ConclusionsIn the authors’ opinion, the current 8-h time-weighted average limits of 1 ppm for HP do not reflect the actual risk; a short-term exposure limit would, therefore, provide a much better protection.
EN
The Różany Strumień catchment is the first Poznań-Morasko base station, belonging to the Integrated Environmental Monitoring Programme located within the boundaries of the Poznań agglomeration. Location of the catchment causes a strong exposure to anthropopressure. The research presented in the article concerns the assessment of the pressure on the natural environment resulting from the planned changes in the development of housing and diversification within the catchment area and the potential effects on the natural environment. The results show that the main source of pressure will be housing expansion. The consequences will be: reduction of the biologically active surface and emission of pollutants. The obtained results may serve as a premise for shaping the monitoring of the natural environment for administrative and research institutions.
PL
Zlewnia Różanego Strumienia jest pierwszą stacją bazową Poznań-Morasko, należącą do krajowego Zintegrowanego Monitoringu Środowiska Przyrodniczego, położoną w granicach poznańskiej aglomeracji miejskiej. Taka lokalizacja zlewni badawczej powoduje jej silne narażenie na antropopresję. Badania przedstawione w artykule dotyczą oceny presji na środowisko przyrodnicze wynikającej z planowanych zmian w zakresie rozwoju zabudowy mieszkaniowej i zróżnicowania w obrębie zlewni oraz potencjalnych skutków dla środowiska przyrodniczego. Rezultaty pokazują, że głównym źródłem presji będzie rozbudowa terenów mieszkaniowych. Konsekwencjami będą: redukcja powierzchni biologicznie czynnej oraz emisja zanieczyszczeń. Otrzymane wyniki mogą służyć jako przesłanka do kształtowania monitoringu środowiska przyrodniczego dla instytucji administracyjnych i badawczych.
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