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Ameryka widziana oczyma Czesława Miłosza

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Geambaşu C.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

2011

issue 1(7)

47-52

The article discusses several “curiosities of American spirit” on the basis of the volume of essays A View of San Francisco Bay: the duality of Americans (based on hesitation between success and despair), nihilism noticed especially among the representatives of the younger generation, arrangement of spatial hierarchy, tearing America into two hostile camps (pure, noble minds and simple people’s minds), arrogance of one’s own “I” (being the fundamental cause of great achievements in technology and science), dissonance between biblical spirit and technological progress etc. Besides their cognitive value, Miłosz’s essays are also a great lesson of imagology on America perceived by the comparatist’s eyes.

„Kłopoty z opisem rzeczy” , czyli (nie)możliwość mimesis w epoce relatywizacji podmiotu

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Nieukerken van A.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

2011

issue 1(7)

65-98

At first sight it appears that Miłosz’s poetry shares many features with modernist and post-modernist poetics. One of its main themes is the impossibility of verifying the veracity of man’s sensual impressions (i.e. their referring to an ‘external’ world), which seems to un-dermine the traditional concept of literature as ‘mimesis’. However, Miłosz expressly reject-ed the postmodernist point of view that literature as ‘mimesis’ is merely a textual effect. Even when the speakers in his poems expressly deny the possibility of recreating the exter-nal world of man’s sense-impressions by means of language, they seem to achieve the very thing they wanted to deny. One of Miłosz’s favourite devices in the poetry of his middle period was the so-called ‘irony of self-betrayal’. But this negative way of affirming the cove-nant between the self and the world did not satisfy him in the long run. Wishing to over-come the antinomies of mimesis he attempted to work out a poetical strategy allowing him to describe the astonishing richness of being more directly. This strategy required a meta-physical justification. The veracity of man’s sensual and intellectual involvement with the world turned out to be rooted in the religious perspective of ‘apokatastasis’. ‘Time past’ and ‘time present’ are one in a process that both redeems and transcends time, without annihilat-ing the moments of which it consists. Miłosz’s long poems of the sixties and seventies should therefore not be simply understood as ‘literature’ or independent ‘works of art’ (poésie pure) that could be separated from other forms of being. In fact they are part of a process of redemption that occurs ‘here and now’, although it remains unclear when it will be completed. For that reason Miłosz’s longer poems should be read as ‘open texts’ or – but in a sense opposite to the postmodernist idea of ‘unfinishedness’ – ‘work in progress’. They purport to present the manifold phenomena of a man’s existential autobiography simultaneously.

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2 Postscriptum Polonistyczne

2 2011

1 Geambaşu C.

1 Nieukerken van A.

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Ameryka widziana oczyma Czesława Miłosza

„Kłopoty z opisem rzeczy” , czyli (nie)możliwość mimesis w epoce relatywizacji podmiotu