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EN
New problems appear for the development of individuals and the society in the context of global neoliberal transformations, international financial institutions as well as economic, political, technological, communication and cultural changes. It is necessary to make a reflection when we observe the unethical consequences of neoliberalism in today’s world and the influence it has on educational policy, especially on ethical education, as well as teaching and upbringing issues. In this paper an attempt was made to find alternative educational solutions, especially in the field of ethical education, that would encourage the development of individuals and democratic society. The author used the theory of human behaviors (Michael Tomasello) and based on this theory – the concept of shared intentionality, which is promoted by Hans-Ludwig Kroeber, to show some alternatives for ethical education. The conclusions derived from this analysis provide a new perspective on the structure and quality of education and especially on the cognitive and ethical development of young people and also their value system. Cognitive and ethical education in cooperative and democratic community, based on concept of shared intentionality, seems to be one of alternatives to the neoliberal vision of individuals and society.
EN
The following study presents an analysis of the world of moral education in the Czech environment from its recorded beginnings to the current situation in the Czech Republic. The study contains two parts: In the first section, the authors give an account of the history of moral education and different views on it, while in the second section they analyse the current state of moral education. The authors examine the quality of moral education at primary and secondary schools according to the goals of curriculum documents issued by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic for schools’ ethical education programmes and subjects dealing with character development. Based on their own research, they compare set goals with practice, draw conclusions and give recommendations not only to primary and secondary schools, but also to higher education institutions, particularly in terms of introducing professional ethics tools and intensifying their use. The authors suggest expanding the ethical climate at schools to contain the atmosphere of recognition, biophile culture and technological scepticism.
RU
The text deals with the possibilities of the utilisation of cross-curricular themed Environmental education in the school subject, “Ethical education in Slovakia”, especially in lower secondary education. The text partly stems from work on the project APVV-14-0176  “Didactic Means Facilitating the Implementation of Selected Cross-Curricular Topics in the Teaching of Ethical Education at the Second Level of Primary School”, and offers a brief overview on how the topics of ethical education may overlap with environmental education. To achieve this goal, the first part of the text briefly characterises ethical education in Slovakia, and introduces its key figures and principles, as well as the elements of environmental education in ethical education, and a brief summary of the content of the cross-curricular topic, “Environmental Education in the Current National Curriculum” follow. The suggestions for implementation of environmental education in ethical education in Slovakia, form the last part of the paper, where the author also describes some problem areas of the subjects. The author concludes that it is also possible to apply environmental themes in current ethical education; however, it requires some creativity, critical thinking, suitable teaching materials, and competent, dedicated teachers.
PL
Opracowanie to dotyczy możliwości wykorzystania międzyprzedmiotowej tematyki edukacji ekologicznej w ramach przedmiotu szkolnego edukacji etycznej, zwłaszcza w szkołach średnich I stopnia na Słowacji. Opracowanie odwołuje się do projektu APVV-14-0176 i zawiera krótki przegląd tego, jak tematy edukacji etycznej mogą pokrywać się z edukacją ekologiczną. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, w pierwszej części artykułu krótko scharakteryzowano edukację etyczną na Słowacji i przedstawiono jej istotne elementy. Następnie przedstawiono elementy edukacji ekologicznej w ramach edukacji etycznej oraz krótkie podsumowanie treści tematyki międzyprzedmiotowej edukacji ekologicznej w aktualnym programie nauczania. Propozycje wprowadzenia edukacji ekologicznej do edukacji etycznej na Słowacji stanowią ostatnią część artykułu, w której autorka opisuje niektóre problematyczne obszary tematyczne. Autorka konkluduje, że wątki środowiskowe można zastosować także w obecnej edukacji etycznej, jednak wymaga to kreatywności, krytycznego myślenia, odpowiednich materiałów dydaktycznych i kompetentnych, oddanych nauczycieli.
EN
Ethical education has more than a twenty-year-long tradition in Slovak education and still evokes discourse both in the professional community and among lay public. Therefore, alongside with practical measuring of efficiency of prosociality, research activity is focused on examination of ethical, philosophical, anthropological, psychological and pedagogical foundations of social relationality with regard to contemporary valid conception of ethical education in school education in Slovakia. Since the notion of prosociality is relatively unknown in the philosophical-educational discourse, the submitted paper offers several ideas on connection between prosocial behaviour and moral-philosophical thinking. At the same time, it briefly discusses the importance of presence of pedagogical love in education while implementing prosociality in contemporary school education in Slovakia.
Ethics & Bioethics
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2016
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vol. 6
|
issue 1-2
79-89
EN
With regard to existing concept of the moral education (ethics) in Slovakia, the questions of ethics and morals are only one of the partial sections. The dominant role is played by psychology based on Roberto Olivar’s concept with emphasis on pro-socialization and on Erickson’s concept of the psychosocial development. From the philosophy basis point of view, only Aristotle, even in reduced form and Spranger’s concept of the life forms are mentioned. Philosophy and ethics are only complements to more psychologically based educational program which is resulting from the problematic division of a social and moral experience into egoistic and prosocial. Egoism is presented in a distorted form and is characterized as the cause of all moral evil. However, there are several different types of understanding of the term egoism in philosophy and ethics as for example psychological and ethical egoism, or self-interest. Ethical egoism or self-interest cannot be identified with selfishness. The main aim of moral education should not be only to form the desired children and youth moral orientation but on the other hand, to form morally self-confident individuals who are able to solve the moral problems, to help the others to solve them as well and to be able to bear moral responsibility for their own deeds.
EN
This article is a critical evaluation of Dariusz Zając’s book „Ethics of teachers’ professional work” and introduction to the discussion on the role of ethical education in teacher education.
PL
Artykuł ten stanowi krytyczną ocenę książki Dariusza Zająca „Etyczność pracy zawodowej nauczycieli” i wprowadzenie do dyskusji nad rolą edukacji etycznej w kształceniu nauczycieli.
EN
This essay is an metaethical reflection on the character of teaching ethics in school and academic realities of Poland, the aim is to show the type of ethics which is the best in achieving the syllabus and educational assumptions of the discipline. It seems that the most important of them are the following issues:- Rationalization of ethical choices, i.e. giving the reasons for choosing particular moral values- the clearly presented problem of the responsibility for the decisions- Strengthening proper improvements of the character, which enable to choose and defend moral values: tolerance, ecological responsibility.There are two the most general ways distinguished of presentation of ethics within school or academic lecture: the “naturalistic” and the “engaged” one.The naturalistic approach is restricted to the presentation of various ethical systems without any discussion included on evaluating these systems, the engaged approach critically analyses different ethical solutions, reasonably assessing their character.Despite the arguments for the naturalistic approach (presently fashionable criticism of ethics, the issue of toleration and avoidance of the idéologisation) I undertake to defend the engaged approach as better at giving possibilities of reasonable criticism of moral behaviors and as the result of this criticism, moral attitudes which are the goal of teaching ethics in school.
EN
There is a special need for the ethics of care shared by educators and teachers when creating a democratic society based on values such as freedom, justice and confidence, responsibility and good in the context of the individual and of the commonwealth. This is the main thesis of this paper. The development of individuals and society is faced with the emerging problems that are associated with global neoliberal transformation, international financial institutions as well as economic, political, technological, communication and cultural changes. It is necessary to reflect when we observe the unethical consequences of neoliberalism in today’s world and the influence it has on educational policy, especially on ethical education, as well as issues of teaching and upbringing. This is also a presentation of some research outcomes: teachers were asked to answer what is important to them and to their pupils in everyday life and to show their opinions on ethical education and ethics as a school subject – these are the teachers’ opinions about some aspects of teaching ethics. In this paper an attempt has been made to find alternative educational solutions, especially in the field of ethical education, which would encourage the development of individuals and a democratic society.
PL
Kształtowanie społeczeństwa demokratycznego wymaga szczególnej troski ze strony wychowawców i nauczycieli o jakość wychowania do wartości takich, jak wolność, sprawiedliwość i zaufanie, odpowiedzialność i dobro, zarówno w wymiarze indywidualnym, jak i wspólnotowym. Jest to podstawowe założenie niniejszego artykułu. Globalne oddziaływania wolnego rynku i przemiany związane z szybkim rozwojem technologii, komunikacji i nauki niosą nowego typu problemy dla rozwoju współczesnego człowieka. W artykule zostały zaakcentowane nieetyczne wpływy kultury neoliberalnej w obszarze edukacji i polityki oświatowej. Zaprezentowano także niektóre dane z badań własnych, które obrazują fragment rzeczywistości edukacyjnej w zakresie preferowanych przez nauczycieli etyki wartości, oraz ich opinii na temat wychowania i kształcenia etycznego w polskiej szkole. Neoliberalizm i jego ideologiczne oddziaływania zmuszają do podjęcia refleksji w obszarze edukacji etycznej, a następnie poszukiwania nowego podejścia do kształcenia i wychowania młodego pokolenia, które sprzyjałoby całościowemu rozwojowi jednostki, jak również budowaniu demokratycznego społeczeństwa.
Acta Ludologica
|
2020
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vol. 3
|
issue 1
32-45
EN
The demands of educational practice are changing alongside our dynamically changing society. It is, therefore, necessary to purposefully and systematically seek ways to motivate, teach, and develop independent thinking among learners. This theoretical study aims to identify and characterize the essential assumptions and reasons for the implementation of digital games into ethical education classes. The fundamental premise is the thematic variability of game narratives, and a fulfillment of the experience attributes through the interactivity both in terms of the direct interactivity of the learner and the medium and in the subsequent discussion as a part of value reflection. Attention is focused on the process of ethical decision-making, ethical dilemmas, and problems that can be identified in many digital games containing at least a basic narrative structure. Interactive narration includes, besides the story itself, the influence of the participant on the further direction of the storyline, allowing players to see the consequences of their individual decisions within simulated situations. The study explores a game principle – the butterfly effect – in the context of ethical decision-making in particular through the game Detroit: Become Human, as well as demonstrates its usability within ethical education classes.
EN
In recent years the number of Polish schools, in which the subject “ethics” is taught, has been dynamically growing. Since the number of recipients of ethical contents has been growing as well, the demand is ever greater for the abilities to redirect children and young people to religion classes, and if - for whatever reason - they cannot attend them, it is necessary to lead them to ethics lessons. A young man subject to obligatory education at present needs coherent tools and elements to build his personal moral model. In the documents issued by the ministry responsible for education and upbringing leading contents and aims of teaching ethics at school are contained and they are exposed on the basis of changes in the law concerning education. Especially Podstawa programowa (Program basis) shows organizational and ideological directives for teaching ethics on all the education stages. The proposed contents of the classes are concerned with ethical and philosophical issues. Pupils have a chance to acquaint themselves with the moral law, the moral imperative, the natural law, and the moral good. The ministerial proposition orders one to exercise the ability to discern values and to be guided by the conscience in one’s life, as well as to solve moral dilemmas at the age of moral crisis. However, it is worth remembering that ethics as a subject alternative to religion at school has a decidedly smaller number of students. This is a result of Polish educational community being rooted in the Christian tradition. Supporting ethics lessons for those who will not make the decision to participate in denominational lessons of the Roman-Catholic religion, efforts should be made so that students will not rashly give up religion lessons they attended formerly. This can be done by raising the quality of religious education and of the teachers’ competences.
PL
W ostatnich latach zwiększa się dynamicznie liczba polskich szkół, w których nauczany jest przedmiot „etyka”. Ponieważ rośnie także liczba odbiorców treści etycznych, dlatego pojawia się zapotrzebowanie na umiejętność przekierownia dzieci i młodzieży na zajęcia z religii, a jeśli z jakiegokolwiek powodu nic mogą w nich uczestniczyć, zasadne staje się doprowadzenie ich na lekcje z etyki. Podlegający obowiązkowej edukacji młody człowiek potrzebuje obecnie spójnych narzędzi i elementów do budowy osobistego modelu moralnego. W dokumentach ministerstwa właściwego do spraw oświaty i wychowania zawarte są wiodące treści i cele nauczania etyki w szkole, wyeksponowane na bazie zmian w prawie oświatowym. Szczególnie Podstawa programowa ukazuje wytyczne organizacyjne oraz ideowe dla nauczania etyki na wszystkich etapach edukacyjnych. Zaproponowane treści na zajęcia dotyczą zagadnień etycznych i filozoficznych. Uczniowie mają szansę poznawania prawa moralnego, imperatywu moralnego, prawa naturalnego, dobra moralnego. Propozycja ministerialna nakazuje ćwiczyć umiejętność rozpoznawania wartości i kierowania się sumieniem w życiu oraz rozwiązywania dylematów moralnych w dobie kryzysu moralnego. Warto jednak pamiętać, że etyka jako przedmiot alternatywny dla religii w szkole ma zdecydowanie mniejszą liczbę uczniów. Jest to rezultatem zakorzenienia w tradycji chrześcijańskiej polskiej społeczności edukacyjnej. Popierając lekcje z etyki dla tych. którzy nic zdecydują się na uczestniczenie w wyznaniowych lekcjach religii rzymskokatolickiej, należy dołożyć starań, aby uczniowie nie rezygnowali pochopnie z dotychczasowych lekcji religii. Można to uczynić poprzez podniesienie jakości kształcenia religijnego i kompetencji nauczycieli.
PL
Zabawa klockami kryje w sobie ogromny potencjał edukacyjny. W artykule analizuję możliwość wykorzystania elementów zabawy klockami Lego w edukacji filozoficznej. Opisuję projekt LEGO-LOGOS jako metodę prowadzenia warsztatów filozoficznych z użyciem klocków Lego. Projekt adaptuje naturalne środowisko zabawy dziecka (tu zabawy klockami Lego) do nauczania filozofii i filozofowania sensu stricto. W nauczaniu filozofii dużym problemem jest opór uczniów w formułowaniu i wypowiadaniu swoich myśli. Proponowana metoda pozwala na swobodną i twórczą ekspresję pomysłów, idei i interpretacji. Zostanie opisana struktura zajęć prowadzonych metodą LEGO-LOGOS, analiza założeń pedagogicznych i filozoficznych metody oraz możliwości jej zastosowania w edukacji i poza edukacją.
EN
LEGO bricks have an enormous educational potential. The article analyzes the possibility of using the bricks in teaching philosophy. As a case in point, it describes the LEGO-LOGOS project, a method where the bricks have been successfully used in opening students to philosophical ideas. The project makes use of play (in this case with the LEGO bricks) to introduce students to philosophy and philosophizing. It tackles one of the biggest obstacles in teaching this subject, that is the resistance of students to formulate and express their thoughts as the method allows for a free and creative expression of ideas and interpretations. The article describes the structure of the classes where the method is to be used and provides an analysis of educational and philosophical assumptions of LEGO-LOGOS also touching on the possibility of using the method as a tool in the school setting and beyond.
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EN
The ethical ideas developed by Tadeusz Kotarbiński have long triggered philosophical discussions, but they can also be inspiring for other sciences. The article presents the concept of independent ethics from the pedagogical point of view and in the context of ethics as a school subject. The text has been divided into three parts. In the first part, the presentation of the ethical thought of Tadeusz Kotarbiński is accompanied by reflections on the functioning of ethics as a subject in the school system. In the second part, the ideal of “the dependable attendant” developed by Kotarbiński is analyzed in the context of its usefulness in school education and curriculum. The third part refers to Kotarbiński’s reflections on moral education and shows the possibilities of applying them in contemporary education.
PL
Myśl etyczna Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego od lat skłania do dyskusji filozoficznych, ale może być także inspirująca dla innych nauk. Artykuł prezentuje koncepcję etyki niezależnej z perspektywy pedagogicznej, w kontekście rozważań nad etyką jako przedmiotem szkolnym. Tekst został podzielony na trzy części. W pierwszej z nich prezentacji idei etycznej Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego towarzyszą refleksje nad funkcjonowaniem przedmiotu etyka w systemie szkolnym. W drugiej zaproponowany przez filozofa etyczny ideał spolegliwego opiekuna analizowany jest w kontekście użyteczności dla treści kształcenia zawartych w podstawie programowej dla przedmiotu etyka. Część trzecia nawiązuje do przemyśleń Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego, mówiących wprost o wychowaniu moralnym, i pokazuje możliwości zastosowania tychże refleksji we współczesnej rzeczywistości edukacyjnej.
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