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H. Cohens Ethik und ihre Rezeption in der russischen Philosophie des Rechts

100%
Belov V.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2015
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vol. 27
373-381
EN
The article draws attention to one remarkable feature in the perception of the Hermann Cohen doctrine in Russia, namely special attention on the part of Russian philosophers of the twentieth century to the turn of the ethical theories of the founder of the Marburg school of neo-Kantianism. In Russia, the most representative approach to the analysis of Cohen’s ethical theories is one conducted from the perspective of the philosophy of law. Ethical theories of the Marburg philosopher were in the center of scientific debate of the most famous Russian theorists of law – P.I. Novgorodtsev, B.A. Kistyakovsky, E.V. Spektorsky. The appeal rights of Russian theorists to analyze ethical problems Cohen highlighted the relation of law and morality. The central theme of the arguments in this respect was the theme of ethics orientation of the Marburg philosopher on jurisprudence. Of particular importance in view of the historicist and positivist tendencies that prevailed at the end of the 19th century in legal science in Russia, was rehabilitation of Cohen’s and his followers’ the concept of “natural law”. The main drawback of the criticism coming from Russian theorists of law in relation to Cohen is that their approach to the ideas of this great German thinker is not systematic enough, attempting to consider their ethical views independently from other parts of their philosophical constructions.
2
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Typology of ethical theories based on the criterion of moral judgement and their applicability in the auditor’s and accountant’s professions

100%
Nowak M.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
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2017
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issue 474
41-52
EN
The article analyses accountant’s and auditor’s ethics from the meta-ethical point of view. The purpose of the paper is to determine which type of ethical theories has the best applicability to the judgment of accountant’s and auditor’s deeds. The author uses the ethical theories typology introduced by Carnap in order to analyze their applicability to auditor’s and accountant’s profession. According to the findings of the article, the nominalitstic approach to ethics has the highest applicability to the accountant’s and auditor’s ethics.
3
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Granice autonomii etyki. O potrzebie uwzględniania wyników nauk empirycznych w etyce (The limits of ethics autonomy. Ethics takes into account the empirycal data)

72%
Szutta N.
Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne
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2017
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vol. 39
49-72
EN
This paper focuses on the psychological realism requirement which should be met by any ethical theory. Even if one should not make normative conclusions out of descriptive presumptions, there are still some limitations resulting from our nature about which one should remember when formulating moral ideals. One should not impose moral ideals which may require of people more than they would ever be able to bear. The paper’s aim is to emphasize how important it is to ethics to pay attention to the empirical research carried out within psychology which show that a large part of our thought and volitional processes is automatic or semi-automatic. This means that ethicists cannot exclusively concentrate on regulating reflective processes which underlie consciously made decisions. If ethics is to avoid marginalization, ethicists must also focus on those automatic processes which control human thinking and action, especially in the circumstances of a total “ego-depletion”, e.g. when we are tired, hungry, or under a strong influence of unstable emotions. The paper shows that virtue ethics is this kind of ethical approach which meets the psychological realism condition most successfully.
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Etyka a filozofia moralna. Problem podobieństw i różnic w filozoficznym ujęciu moralności pomiędzy Arystotelesem i Tomaszem z Akwinu

72%
Andrzejuk I.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2010
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vol. 38
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issue 4
51-67
EN
The article considers the ethical views of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas. It focuses on Saint Thomas’s adaptation of Aristotle’s ethical theory. The most important issue in this regard is the structure man. By proposing the essential structure of man, Aristotle stresses his spiritual and physical nature and explains both change and identity in an individual. However, Aquinas changed Aristotle’s theory of substance fundamentally by introducing the concept of existence as the first act of being. The notions of freedom, will, synderesis and conscience are crucial in perceiving man as a subject of moral actions. By introducing the concepts of synderesis and conscience Aquinas changes the representation of man in the context of his actions. By emphasising the will as the power responsible for intellectual desire, he makes it easier to explain the proper improvement of man in choosing the means to reach his final end. After analysing the views of Aquinas and Aristotle one can conclude that the essential view on human structure does not lead to the issue of the person. The existential view of the structure of man makes it possible to explain the immortality of the human soul, and creates a space for relations between God and man. It seems therefore that the different starting points of Aristotle and Aquinas with regard to the structure of man led them to different conclusions in the field of moral philosophy.
5
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Wymiary etyki pracy jako predyktory strategii radzenia sobie ze stresem

58%
Grabowski D., Pollak A., Czerw A.
Medycyna Pracy
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2017
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vol. 68
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issue 6
711-724
EN
Background The article presents the mutual relations between the components of work ethic and the strategies of coping with stress used by employees of different branches. Material and Methods Work ethic was presented as a syndrome of the following attitudes: perceiving work as a moral value, treating work as a central value in life, and the belief in the importance of hard work that leads to success. This ethic also consists of the following components: unwillingness to waste time, disapproval of spare time (anti-leisure), willingness to delay gratification, willingness to act honestly at work (morality/ethic), and being independent (self-reliance). Coping strategies were presented as 3 dimensions (obtained by application of factor analysis of the questionnaire scales COPE (Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced)): proactive cognitive operations, avoidance of action and seeking support. Results The study conducted on 360 employees of different branches shows that the dimensions of the work ethic are moderately related to strategies emphasizing proactive cognitive operations and poorly related to seeking support and avoidance of action. At the same time, the relations between work ethic and avoidance of action are negative (higher work ethic is linked with lower tendency to avoid action). Conclusions Predictors of proactive cognitive operations are unwillingness to waste time, treating work as a central value in life, willingness to act honestly at work (morality/ethic) and being independent (self-reliance). Med Pr 2017;68(6):711–724
PL
Wstęp Artykuł przedstawia związek etyki pracy ze strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresem, stosowanymi przez osoby pracujące w różnych organizacjach. Materiał i metody Etyka pracy została przedstawiona jako syndrom 7 postaw i przekonań – postrzegania pracy jako centrum życia, przekonania o wartości ciężkiej pracy, dezaprobaty marnowania czasu, niechęci do czasu wolnego, odraczania gratyfikacji, gotowości do moralnego postępowania i polegania na sobie. Strategie radzenia sobie zostały przedstawione jako 3 wymiary otrzymane przez zastosowanie analizy czynnikowej skal kwestionariusza COPE (Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced – Inwentarza do Pomiaru Radzenia Sobie ze Stresem), czyli: aktywne działanie poznawcze, rezygnację z działania i poszukiwanie wsparcia. Wyniki Badania przeprowadzone w grupie 360 osób pracujących pokazały, że z wymiarami etyki pracy umiarkowanie i dodatnio są związane strategie akcentujące aktywne działania poznawcze, a słabo – poszukiwanie wsparcia i rezygnacja z działania. Przy tym związek etyki pracy z rezygnacją z działania jest ujemny, co oznacza, że większa etyka pracy raczej zmniejsza skłonność do rezygnacji z działania. Wnioski Do predyktorów aktywnego działania poznawczego należą niechęć do marnotrawienia czasu, postrzeganie pracy jako centralnej wartości życia i gotowość do moralnego postępowania oraz poleganie na sobie. Med. Pr. 2017;68(6):711–724
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