Since 1962, when Zbigniew Gołąb has published his fundamental study on Aromanian language in Macedonia, in Polish literature, beyond his study, there was a little interest in Aromanians as an ethnic group and in their language. In this article, the author focuses on 1) the changes the Aromanian language has been undergoing in the recent times, 2) how the transformation of the social situation of Aromanians influences the development of the language. In the present days, the social function of the ethnic language is transformed from the language of everyday use to the language as a symbol, label, marker of ethnicity, used in the special occasions. Opinions expressed by Aromanian intellectuals about their ethnic language, role in Aromanian social life, and their dilemmas, sorrows and enthusiasm, as well as activities around the ethnic language are the main objects of interest in the paper. The empirical material, applied to this study, was collected during the anthropological field research the author conducted in the summer seasons from 2007 till 2010 in all countries of residence of Aromanians: Greece, Macedonia, Albania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania. The empirical material includes more than 50 recorded and transcribed interviews with the leaders of Aromanian ethnic movement, informal conversations and observation notes taken during Aromanian public events.
The work presents the Polish-American media image in the United States and how this press is perceived in terms of content, language and form. The author shows the characteristics of the media, interviews with journalists and a survey on a representative group of several dozen people of Polish origin living in the USA on the subject of the above-mentioned media.
The article is devoted to the historical discussion which arose around the affiliation of the inhabitants of the Czech–Polish border area with the Czech or the Polish nationality and language. The bone of contention was the dialect used in the Czech part of the Cieszyn/Těšín region. Although the discussion was generally conducted in academic circles, it was also picked up on by the local press (i.e., the cultural monthly “Zwrot”). It concerned not only the interests of Czech (Czechoslovak) and Polish dialectology, but also posed existential questions for the Polish minority living in this part of former Czechoslovakia. The article describes the basic theses published in the 1950s–1970s. Engaged in the discussion were, among others, Adolf Kellner (who originated the debate with the publication of Východolašská nářečí I., II., ‘Eastern Lachian Dialects I., II.’ in 1946 and 1949 respectively), Jaromír Bělič, Arnošt Lamprecht, and, representing predominantly the attitudes of Polish dialectology, Karol Dejna. The polemics were marked by the Marxist ideology of the time, and the overall policy of the Czechoslovak state, which intent was to justify the affiliation of certain linguistic areas to Czechoslovakia.
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