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Semiotyka medycyny we wczesnej nowożytności, a etnosemiotyka w etnomedycynie XIX-XX wieku

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Libera Z.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2014

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issue 1(6), Semiotyka historii

57–91

XX

The semiotics of the 19th and 20th century ethnomedicine was a continuation of the semiotics of doctrines and medical practices from before the ‘semiotic turning point’ in the middle of the 18th and the early 19th centuries. Ethnomedicine had direct roots in Old Polish medicine. As such, it drew from basic traditions of European medicine, from the oldest branch of the study of signs: medical semiotics. The situation of ethnosemiotics and ethnomedicine documented by ethnographers in the 20th century also corresponds to the history of medicine of the 18th and 19th centuries, where elements of classical semiotics and symptomatology coexisted. I relate the problems of ethnosemiotics to the category of theoretical semiotics, but I am mainly interested in them in the ethnographic and historical context, i.e. I concentrate on the rules, knowledge, and practices according to which countryside ‘physicians’ decided what a sign was as well as classified and used signs, in comparison to practising physicians in the early modern times.

2

Przyżeganie jako tradycyjne panaceum lecznictwa ludowego w Afryce

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Wdowiak L., Parafiniuk M.

Afryka

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2015

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issue 42

49-62

EN

Since ancient times, cauterisation has been used in Africa as a treatment of wounds as well as other ailments. Arabs gained the knowledge of cauterisation from the work of Paul of Aegina and developed this method of treatment between the 9th and 10th century. Cauterisation was perfected by the Ottoman Empire. Currently, cauterisation is being used on almost the entire continent to treat ailments in people and cattle. As a result of skin burning, the body attempts to fight the results of tissue necrosis, initiating the process of healing of any inflammation in that area. This cruel method of pain treatment causes a number of complications, even death, and because of this there is pressure on therapists to give up this method of treatment.

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Owady jako remedia w polskim lecznictwie ludowym doby zaborów i II Rzeczypospolitej

86%

Wdowiak L., Wysokiński P.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2018

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vol. 63

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issue 1

89–118

EN

Insects constitute as much as 75% of all described species of the world’s fauna. In the animal kingdom they play a dominant role. To certain extent it was reflected in folk medicine using zoonotic drugs. The purpose of the work is to determine, what kinds of insects were used the time of Poland’s partitions and in the 2nd Polish Republic. Insects were used most often in such diseases, as: rheumatoid arthritis, paralysis, circulatory insufficiency and resulting oedemas, malaria, erysipelas, rabies, viper bites, trachoma, jaundice, skin diseases, cuts, hysteria. Close to 20 insect families were applied in folk medicine, although not all of the species can be counted, the more so as they were not always distinguished by the people of old Polish territories – both peasants and the researchers of their culture. Most often beetles and hymenopteras were used, less often – butterflies. There was widespread belief connected with this therapy, i.e. belief in magical meaning of numbers, especially number 3 and its multiple.

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1 Afryka

1 Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

1 Rocznik Antropologii Historii

1 2018

1 2015

1 2014

2 Wdowiak L.

1 Libera Z.

1 Parafiniuk M.

1 Wysokiński P.

Semiotyka medycyny we wczesnej nowożytności, a etnosemiotyka w etnomedycynie XIX-XX wieku

Przyżeganie jako tradycyjne panaceum lecznictwa ludowego w Afryce

Owady jako remedia w polskim lecznictwie ludowym doby zaborów i II Rzeczypospolitej