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Powikłane losy Ukrainy

100%
Pawluczuk W.
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne
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2016
|
vol. 27 cz. 1
EN
It was already in the Middle Ages that the lands of today’s Ukraine were the area of clashes between the East and the West, Rome and the Byzantine Empire. Those clashes were manifested in confessional discrepancies of Catholicism and Orthodoxy as well as the differences in sacral language. In Ukraine, similarly to the whole area of the Latin – Byzantine borderline, the decisive factor in the later ethnical processes was not the original tribal structure of those lands, but the scope of the Eastern Christianity influence. In the days of Kievan Rus’, the vast area of this country was home to the general attitude of “Russian” community, primarily understood as the community of Eastern Christianity followers. The remains of the “Russian peoples” community lasted long after the fall of Kievan Rus’. To some extent, its origins can be found until this day. In the era of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, emerges the identity of the “Russian nation”, separate from the Russians in the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the political, ideological, but also largely in the religious, cultural, and linguistic sense. However, it is not possible to observe separate Ukrainian and Belarussian ethnic groups in this area until the end of the XVI century. The Ruthenian ethnos was entirely separate from the Russian ethnos. The differentiation into the Ukrainian and Belarussian ethnos begins after the Union of Lublin, following which the Ukrainian lands become a part of the Crown, and the Belarussian lands remain a part of Lithuania. The political and cultural independence of Ukrainian lands is consolidated with the Khmelnytsky Uprising and the events that followed.
2
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Ethnic aspects of settlement in Ius Valachicum in medieval Poland (from the 14th to the beginning of the 16th century

99%
Jawor G.
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
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2015
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vol. 22
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issue 1
47-57
PL
The purpose of this article is to present the relationships which occurred between the settlement of numerous villages on the Wallachian law in the mountainous regions of Medieval Poland and the influx of settlers representing the Wallachian ethnos in this area. Without doubt, both Poles and Ruthenians could not play a decisive role in this process for they did not have the essential skills related to the economic exploitation of mountains, and they were particularly not able to conduct a pastoral economy on a mass scale. They were also not able to independently adapt the forms of social organisation of villages, which were specific for the Wallachian law. The Vlachs, pouring into the studied area throughout the 14th to 16th centuries, were arguably not numerous, but they played a key role in organising new settlements in the mountains. A particularly significant role in this process was played by the chiefs of the Wallachian villages-knyazes (knezes). They had adequate knowledge, financial possibilities as well as administrative and judicial power over the rest of the people in order to become a group, which, on the one hand, was disseminating the Wallachian law, and on the other hand, was consequently standing up for the Wallachian law which was beneficial to them. Even though they relatively quickly underwent assimilation processes and integration with the local surroundings, losing their original ethnic distinctiveness, the Wallachian law was still being spread. In that way, it turned from being an ethnic law into a symbol of privileging all people who were using it, regardless of their ethnicity. The purpose of this article is to present the relationships which occurred between the settlement of numerous villages on the Wallachian law in the mountainous regions of Medieval Poland and the influx of settlers representing the Wallachian ethnos in this area. Without doubt, both Poles and Ruthenians could not play a decisive role in this process for they did not have the essential skills related to the economic exploitation of mountains, and they were particularly not able to conduct a pastoral economy on a mass scale. They were also not able to independently adapt the forms of social organisation of villages, which were specific for the Wallachian law. The Vlachs, pouring into the studied area throughout the 14th to 16th centuries, were arguably not numerous, but they played a key role in organising new settlements in the mountains. A particularly significant role in this process was played by the chiefs of the Wallachian villages-knyazes (knezes). They had adequateknowledge, financial possibilities as well as administrative and judicial power over the rest of the people in order to become a group, which, on the one hand, was disseminating the Wallachian law, and on the other hand, was consequently standing up for the Wallachian law which was beneficial to them. Even though they relatively quickly underwent assimilation processes and integration with the local surroundings, losing their original ethnic distinctiveness, the Wallachian law was still being spread. In that way, it turned from being an ethnic law into a symbol of privileging all people who were using it, regardless of their ethnicity.
EN
The purpose of this article is to present the relationships which occurred between the settlement of numerous villages on the Wallachian law in the mountainous regions of Medieval Poland and the influx of settlers representing the Wallachian ethnos in this area. Without doubt, both Poles and Ruthenians could not play a decisive role in this process for they did not have the essential skills related to the economic exploitation of mountains, and they were particularly not able to conduct a pastoral economy on a mass scale. They were also not able to independently adapt the forms of social organisation of villages, which were specific for the Wallachian law. The Vlachs, pouring into the studied area throughout the 14th to 16th centuries, were arguably not numerous, but they played a key role in organising new settlements in the mountains. A particularly significant role in this process was played by the chiefs of the Wallachian villages-knyazes (knezes). They had adequate knowledge, financial possibilities as well as administrative and judicial power over the rest of the people in order to become a group, which, on the one hand, was disseminating the Wallachian law, and on the other hand, was consequently standing up for the Wallachian law which was beneficial to them. Even though they relatively quickly underwent assimilation processes and integration with the local surroundings, losing their original ethnic distinctiveness, the Wallachian law was still being spread. In that way, it turned from being an ethnic law into a symbol of privileging all people who were using it, regardless of their ethnicity.
3
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The Historical Lexicon of Nationalism: Ethnicity, Ethnos, Race, Volksstamm: Historical Footnotes

86%
Franzinetti G.
Colloquia Humanistica
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2016
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issue 5
EN
The Historical Lexicon of Nationalism: Ethnicity, Ethnos, Race, Volksstamm: Historical FootnotesThis paper is primarily concerned with the etymology of some terms in the historical lexicon of nationalism: ethnicity, ethnos, race, Volksstamm. It is argued that European and US usages of race are radically different. It is also argued that the Habsburg-era term Volksstamm was the basis for the term narodnost in Socialist Yugoslavia. Historyczny słownik nacjonalizmu: etniczność, ethnos, rasa, Volksstamm: Przypisy historyczneW moim artykule koncentruję się przede wszystkim na etymologii wybranych terminów w historycznym leksykonie nacjonalizmu: etniczność, ethnos, rasa, Volksstamm. Argumentuję, że europejskie użycia terminu „rasa” całkowicie różnią się od amerykańskich. Staram się unaocznić, że używany w czasach imperium Habsburgów termin Volksstamm stał się podstawą dla terminu narodnost w socjalistycznej Jugosławii.
4
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Языковое и этнокультурное своеобразие в кривом зеркале лингвокультуророгии

86%
Shafikov S.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2019
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vol. 1
399-417
EN
Cultural linguistics as a modern branch of the science of language exerts a detrimental effect on linguistic research, particularly in methodology. It is justly criticized for deficiency of logic, intuitive knowledge and subjectivity. The empirical method proves that linguistic structures typical of a particular language are not to be identified with a peculiar world view. Language has no creative potential to spawn a world of its own, so the phrase “linguistic mentality” is nothing but a metaphor. There is no asserting parallel relationship between thought and language, nor the dependence of ethnic mentality on a certain language type. Variation in world views prevails over language structures, inasmuch as a variety of ways to express ideas exceeds the number of language types.
5
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Ethnic Factor as a Prerequisite of Ethnopolitical Conflict

86%
Rodyk H.
Historia i Polityka
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2014
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issue 12(19)
33-40
EN
The actuality of this article lies in understanding the role of the ethnic factor in the ethnopolitical conflict. Especially, the article examines the peculiarities of the usage of the term “ethnicity”, approaches to understanding ethnicity in Ukrainian and foreign science, as well as differences in the understanding of ethnic (national) groups (minorities) as the subjects of confrontation. It traces how derivative concepts from the formal definition of ethnicity are comprehended and realized in different theoretical structures. In the article conditions under which the ethnic factor heralds imminent danger and is politicized are defined.
6

СПЕЦИФІКА ФОРМУВАННЯ ОСОБИСТОСТІ В ЕТНІЧНИХ СТУДЕНТСЬКИХ ТОВАРИСТВАХ БУКОВИНИ АВСТРО-УГОРСЬКОГО ТА РУМУНСЬКОГО ПЕРІОДІВ

72%
Марина К.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2017
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issue 5(69)
108-124
EN
The purpose of this study, determined by the author, was to analyze the objective, tasks, regularities and peculiarities of the educational activities of ethnic student organizations operating in Chernivtsi University in the Austro-Hungarian and Romanian historical periods. The author states that students of Bukovyna University represented all the basic ethnic groups of the region, and, of course, its representatives became the most active members of the social movement. The main components of the education of such ethnic student societies as the Romanian “Arboroasa” (22.12.1875), “Junimea” (“Youth”, December 1878), German corps “Gotia” (13.05.1987), “Dacia” (1876), “Alemania” (13.05.1877), Polish “Ognisko” (December 27, 1877), etc. were considered in the article. The popularity of the first Romanian student association “Arboroasa” is proved by the following data: 44 out of 54 Romanian students immediately expressed a desire to become its members. The purpose of this society’s activity was to bring up intelligent, cultural members of the society with a well-defined national identity, as well as the development of charity in a social context. Based on the statute, their main directions were identified as patriotic, cultural and educational, charitable and entertaining. The main forms of activity were: conferences on national history and literature, outgoing literary and musical evenings. The purpose of this society’s activity was to bring up intelligent, cultural members of the society with a well-defined national identity, as well as the development of charity in a social context. Based on the statute, their main directions were identified as patriotic, cultural and educational, charitable and entertaining. The author examines in detail the reasons for the closure of societies, analyzes aspects of the public reaction to this action of the Austro-Hungarian and Romanian authorities, and discusses the historical prospects for the development of the national social movement. The study identified the specifics of the above-mentioned societies: social patronage of socially unprotected youth and students (“Junimea”), support of the university authorities allowed the society to introduce, in addition to classical forms of activity, “expensive” forms of activity: celebrations, national holidays and balls (German societies).
7
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The Buryat-Mongols’ Way of Being and Their National Image of the World

72%
Boldonova I.
Colloquia Humanistica
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2016
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issue 5
EN
The Buryat-Mongols’ Way of Being and Their National Image of the WorldThe article focuses on the comparison of two main concepts in the national image of the world of the Buryat-Mongols as it applies to their way of being: the Man of the Steppes and the Man of Water and the Woods. The research is based on the theory of the well-known Russian scholar Georgiĭ Gachev, who connects types of landscape and natural environment to national images of the world. Dwelling around Lake Baikal on the one hand, and at flat steppe territories on the other hand is reflected in two alternative ways of living, as well as images of world and forms of imagination. The author of the article analyzes the two variants of identity, which have always been under the influence of certain geographical and climate factors, economic activities, as well as cultural and historic traditions of various Buryat-Mongol ethnic subgroups. Buriacko-mongolska droga życia i narodowy obraz świataArtykuł jest poświęcony komparatystycznej analizie dwóch podstawowych konceptów (hipostaz) buriacko-mongolskiego narodowego obrazu świata: człowiekowi stepów i człowiekowi wody i lasu. Analiza opiera się na teorii znanego rosyjskiego badacza Gieorgija Gaczewa, który postuluje istnienie wzajemnego oddziaływania między obrazami natury i narodowym obrazem świata. Życie wokół jeziora Bajkał z jednej strony i praca w bezkresnym stepie z drugiej znajdują wyraz w tych dwóch podstawowych formach istnienia, światopoglądach i formach wyobraźni. Autorka artykułu analizuje te dwie odmiany tożsamości, które podlegają wpływowi ze strony określonych czynników geograficznych i klimatycznych, aktywności ekonomicznej oraz historyczno-kulturowej tradycji różnych buriacko-mongolskich podgrup etnicznych.
8
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SLOVAK NATIONAL IDEA DURING THE REVOLUTION OF 1848–1849

51%
Bevzyuk E.
Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки
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2019
|
issue 28
192-212
EN
In the process of forming European nations, peoples that were deprived of their statehood by the empires, demanded a revision of their status, and the Slovaks made an attempt to reach recognition of their national and social rights. In the context of the national-cultural Slovak paradigm, its own ethnic interest dominated over the idea of civil society. Therefore, the Slovak movement practice was gradually complemented by the plan to establish its ethnic integral potential through its emancipation within the framework of the monarchical Austrian system. Under conditions of a mosaic imperial ethnic structure, the attempt to realize its national idea during the Spring of Peoples led to the attachment of such a form of social behavior among the Slovaks, which determined the ethnopolitical caution and world-view mimesis of the Slovak ideologists. Accordingly, the modernization of the national Slovak ideology continued to depend heavily on the spread of the supranational idea of "Austria" with its "united imperial people," as well as on the further practice of implementing the regional ideological construction of the Hungarian political nation’s formation. At the same time, despite the difference in their integration scale, the first etatist model was designed for the introduction of Slovaks into Danube Monarchy, and the second – for the construction of the Hungarian national state. In general, in the hierarchy of socio-political values of the Slovak national ideologists during the period of the revolution of 1848–1849, the idea of territorial autonomy was at the top of the agenda, and cultural emancipation and language protection continued to be the priority tasks of the Slovak national-cultural movement.
9
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Проблема витальности языков этниче-ских меньшинств в Казахстане

44%
Aubakirowa B.
humanistica 21
|
2018
|
vol. 2
209-226
PL
Badania socjolingwistyczne stanowią jeden z kluczowych kierunków współczesnego postmodernistycznego paradygmatu językoznawstwa. Ono jest zwłaszcza aktualne w Kazachstanie, państwie wielonarodowym, w którym funkcjonuje ponad sto języków różnych etnosów. Świadczy to o unikalnej sytuacji językowej, która kształtuje się dzięki funkcjonowaniu języków diaspor. Jedną ze znaczących diaspor kraju jest diaspora koreańska. W proponowanym artykule omówione zostało zagadnienie zdolności do funkcjonowania języka koreańskiego i kultury koreańskiej jako podstawy tożsamości i duchownego samozachowania diaspory koreańskiej na terenie wojewódstwa Ałmacińskiego. Podstawą przeprowadzonych badań było ankietowanie, w którym brało udział dziesięciu koreańskich studentów studujących na Żetysuskim uniwersytecie państwowym imienia I. Żansugurowa. Przeprowadzone badania pokazały, że język koreański w Kazachstanie wyróżnia się słabą miarą witalności. Autor wskazuje na inne przyczyny, które nie wzmacniają motywacji do opanowania ojczystego, koreańskiego języka. Należą do nich: etniczne pochodzenie nośników tego języka związane z Koreą Północną; tendencja skierowania na urbanizację; niedostateczna aktualizacja języka koreańskiego i kultury koreańskiej w polityce językowej i planowaniu językowym Republiki Kazachstanu; nieobecność pragnienia u kazachstańskich Koreańczyków przesiedlenia do swojej historycznej ojczyzny.
EN
Sociolinguistic research is one of the key areas of the postmodern paradigm of linguistics. It is particularly important in Kazakhstan which is a multiethnic state in which more than a hundred languages of various ethnic groups function. This indicates a unique linguistic situation, which is the result of multiple diasporas. One of the most important diasporas of the country is the Korean one. The present article presents the problem of the vitality the Korean language and Korean culture as the basis for the identification and spiritual self-preservation of the Korean diaspora in the Almaty region. The actual material for the investigation derives from the questionnaire data. Ten Korean students studying at Zhetysu State University of Zhansugurov participated in the questionnaire. The study showed that the Korean language in Kazakhstan is characterized by a low degree of vitality. The author points out the following reasons: exacerbating the motivation for mastering native, Korean, language: the ethnic origin of the speakers related to North Korea; trend with focus on urbanization; insufficient updating of the Korean language and Korean culture in language policy and language planning of the Republic of Kazakhstan; the lack of desire Kazakh Koreans to move to their historical homeland.
10
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THE SUPRANATIONAL IDEA OF THE PEOPLES OF CENTRAL EUROPE (first half of the 19th century)

44%
Bevzyuk E., Tabanyukhova O.
Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки
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2020
|
issue 29
181-200
EN
National movement and further development of national benchmarks of the European peoples at the beginning of the revolution of 1848–1849 are one of the most socio-political contextualized pages in the past of the Slavik peoples in Europe. The research is considered to be topical since the process of formation of national ideology in the 19th century, that occured in the Slavs environment, took place in terms of distribution of the national principle and state formation in the majority of the European countries. The purpose of the research is to enlighten the course, laws and specifics of formation of the national paradigm at the beginning of the revolution of 1848–1849. The object of the study is the national movement of the Slavs, the subject of scientific analysis is the national ideology developing under the influence of both internal and external factors. To achieve the main goal of the research the author has considered it to be necessary to solve a number of the following tasks: to scientifically, logically, argumentatively and coherently lay out specifics of the process of Slavic national ideology formation and reveal its main features. It should be emphasized that by the beginning of the revolution the national patriotic mood was not limited merely by the demand of the cultural reforms, it gradually transformed into the context of new political and socio-economic ideas. At the same time, in the meaning of national paradigm of the Slavic National Movement the idea of its moderation or passive opposition actualized drastically. In general, national paradigm was a certain mixture of political ideas, in which political freedom – democracy, social and personal guarantees – took a somewhat secondary place, the struggle for the national justice with its moral and cultural principles, became dominant. On the eve of the 1848 revolution western Slavs were involved in the process of modernizing their national ideology. Al though this process was an all-European phenomen on and large ethnic units were under going self-determination, the spiritual renaissance of the western Slavs had specific regional and ethnic characteristics, thus attracting the political attention of the governments of great empires – the Austrian and the Russian. For Russia, the biggest Slavonic country, the idea of the general Slavonic ethnic unity as well as the Pan-Slavistic ideology were not only of scientific character, but also served as a factor of geopolitical interest
11
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Историческая проза Аммиана фон Бека Литературно-критический очерк

44%
Hlypenko G. N.
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
|
2014
|
vol. 1(6)
255-280
EN
Ammian von Beck is a literary pseudonym of Kyrgyz scientist and linguist, Doctor of Philology Sciences, famous Russian-language writer proven as a historical novelist, Professor Bekbalaev Amangeldi Abdyjaparovich. The article analyzes the historical prose by A. von Beck consisting of three novels: “The road of a thousand miles, or Legend of the Dungan people”, “Hayreddin Barbarossa – a legendary Ottoman Admiral” and “Huns”. The historical content of works, the relationship between historical truth and artistic fiction and artistic originality of the narrative form is revealed in his works. Treatment to the national origins of the Kyrgyz people as a Turkic ethnic group is set as a goal orientation of the historical romance philology. Ethnographic realism is an artistic level of creative method chosen by the author. It concludes that historical prose of A. von Beck, being a significant achievement of modern Kyrgyz literature, will find a wide range of Russian-speaking readers.
RU
Аммиан фон Бек – литературный псевдоним киргизского учёного-лингвиста, доктора филологических наук, профессора Бекбалаева Амангельды Абдыжапаровича, известного русскоязычного писателя, зарекомендовавшего себя в качестве исторического романиста. В статье анализируется историческая проза А. фон Бека в составе трёх романов: «Дорога в тысячу ли, или Сказание о дунганском народе», «Хай ретдин Барбаросса – легендарный османский адмирал» и «Гунны». Раскрывается историческое содержание произведений, взаимосвязь между исторической правдой и художественным вымыслом, художественное своеобразие повествовательной формы. Устанавливается целевая направленность исторической романистики – обращение к национальным истокам киргизского народа как тюркского этноса, художественный уровень избранного писателем творческого метода – этнографического реализма. В заключение делается вывод о том, что историческая проза А. фон Бека, будучи значительным достижением современной киргизской литературы, обретёт широкий круг русскоязычных читателей.
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