Search results

1

Recenzja: Zdzisława Piątek, Eugenika. Zagrożenie czy nadzieja ludzkości? Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń 2019, s. 222. ISBN: 978-83-231-4272-0

100%

Słoniowska A.

Acta Medicorum Polonorum

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2020

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vol. 10

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issue 1

139-143

PL

Recenzja

EN

Review

2

Oddział wileński Polskiego Towarzystwa Eugenicznego (Walki ze Zwyrodnieniem Rasy) w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym — geneza, działalność i struktura prawna

80%

Dąbrowski P.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2017

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vol. 39

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issue 2

25-35

EN

Vilnius Branch of the Polish Eugenics Society played asignificant role in the development and propagation of eugenic ideas. Statutory goals were realized through the establishment of eugenic and premarital counseling. In addition, alot of attention has been devoted to numerous lectures. The Vilnius society with great approval accepted the establishment of anew institution, and some resistance came from local intelligentsia and doctors.

3

Genetic Knowledge and Genetic Reproduction Technologies as New Modes of Governance – are We Witnessing a New Form of Eugenics?

80%

Barberić L.

Croatian International Relations Review

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2013

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vol. 19

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issue 69

33-54

EN

This article aims to examine whether there is continuity between eugenics as employed in Nazi Germany and modern-day medical genetics. Drawing on Foucault’s conceptualization of the relationship between power and knowledge, it draws the conclusion that despite the differences in the means employed and underlying motivations, both may serve as disciplinary tools and shape human behaviour. Finally, it addresses ethical issues that arise during genetic reproduction counselling. Namely, it reviews how genetic information during genetic reproduction counselling is presented to those being counselled and puts forward the idea on how to stay committed to the principle of non-directiveness.

4

The Concept of the 'New Soviet Man' As a Eugenic Project: Eugenics in Soviet Russia after World War II

80%

Bardziński F.

Ethics in Progress

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2013

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vol. 4

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issue 1

57-81

EN

This article penetrates the idealistic, Marxist concept of the 'new Soviet man', linking it with the notion of eugenics. Departing from a reconstruction of the history and specificity of the eugenic movement in Russia since the late 19th century until the installation of Joseph Stalin as the only ruler of the Soviet Union, Lysenkoism paradigm of Soviet natural sciences is being evoked as a theoretical frame for Soviet-specific eugenic programme. Through referring to a number of chosen – both theoretical (classic Marxist works) and practical (chosen aspects of Soviet science and internal politics) – issues and cases, the concept of the 'new Soviet man' is being confronted with an original reading of eugenics, understood in neo-Lamarckian terms of direct shaping human beings through environmental conditions (comprehending the GULag system of labour camps, pseudo-medical experiments and other) and intergenerational transfer (through inheritance) of acquired traits.

5

Czystość krwi ponad wszystko. Cykl o Harrym Potterze z perspektywy ideologii narodowego socjalizmu

71%

Dobrzycki J.

Paidia i Literatura

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2019

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issue 1

145-160

EN

The text analyses the Harry Potter series by Joanne Rowling from the perspective of eugenics and the ideology of National Socialism. What is indicated and examined are the statements or attitudes of heroes that may be considered part of the Nazi discourse, implemented in the novel by the author. The aim of the paper is to show that this cycle may be a pretext for teachers to initiate the discussion on eugenics, Nazism, as well as broadly understood ideology.

6

The Belief in the Existence of a Real Man: Eugenic Myth and its Consequences

70%

Gurczyńska-Sady K.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2019

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vol. 14

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issue 1

179-189

EN

The first half of the 20th century witnessed the development of the classic eugenics. Some countries in Europe and the USA of different historical past, cultures and degree of development were universally attracted by the eugenic ideology. This raises few questions concerning the basis of its universal attractiveness for masses and its success. This article answers those questions indicating strong (religious-like) belief in the myth which served as a base for the eugenical way of thinking (being older than this thought). This myth narrates a story about the existence of “real people” who lived in the past, yet unfavourable circumstances caused their degradation, but who—with the assistance of physicians (technocrats of the new society) and through medical procedures—may be reborn. This paper aims at the reconstruction of the myth on the basis of the writings of Plato, Campanella and Nietzsche. As examples of its “realization” of the myth, I provide the activities of the institutions like Lebensborn houses in Germany and Nobel Sperm Bank in the USA.

7

MIŁOŚĆ I NIENAWIŚĆ JAKO CZYNNIKI HISTORYCZNE

70%

Garlicki A., Pudłocki T.

Rocznik Przemyski

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2016

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vol. 52

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issue 2(20): Literatura i Język

197-218

EN

The article by Apolinary Garlicki, a history and geography teacher from Przemyśl, and later a member of parliament during the Second Polish Republic, was published in installments right before the outbreak of the First World War in the local periodical “Ziemia Przemyska”. A lecture which was an incentive to write that article had been delivered by Garlicki on 17 May 1914 at the city hall in Przemyśl during the meeting of the Adam Mickiewicz Folk University. The essay is written from the point of view of a historiosopher. One can see here a reflection on the books that Garlicki read. They were not only the works by Adam Smith, from which he started his discussion, but also books by the theoreticians of progressive education, a trend in pedagogy at the turn of the 20th century, focusing largely on the significance of the environment in the practical upbringing of children and youth. The author leads the reader through various historical periods and makes references to many contemporary events – the social policy of the USA, the increasing significance of Japan, the Balkan wars etc. Garlicki discusses with ease not only the meanders of history but also the latest issues in sociology, psychology, economy, political science, making no attempts to hide his fascination with Darwinism and presenting its results in the growing nationalism and competition between nations in the early 20th century. The lecture helped Garlicki to write two books on the then fashionable theme of eugenics: Co to jest eugenika? [What is eugenics?] (1917) and Zagadnienia biologiczne-społeczne [Biological and social issues] (1924).

8

Świat bez kultury Rozważania na temat konsekwencji rewolucji eugenicznej

70%

Gurczyńska-Sady K.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2017

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issue 48

105-120

EN

The intention of eugenicists has always been an attempt to repair the state of society by improving the quality of the so‑called human material. These special social reforms lead from the correction of man – conducted by means of cultivation – to the correction of the world in which he lives and develops. Eugenicists believe that if we take care of the quality of the human body, at the same time, we will take care of the quality of our social life. This article discredits this argument by showing the scarcity of the anthropology hidden in theoretical declarations of eugenicists and the naivety of the allegations about the mechanism of the development of culture. The thesis which says that a new better man creates a new and better world is shown to be as an empty dogma. In place of the standard questions about whether the world without “misfits” would be a better world the article asks the question: How would the designed luxury of total security and prosperity influence people? The answer shows that a community after the eugenic revolution is not what we call a society. The conditions of human development under eugenic treatment are not the conditions of the development of culture.

9

Immigrant Bodies and the Politics of Eugenics in Selected Literary Works Written by Contemporary Polish American Authors

70%

Caputa S.

Świat i Słowo

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2019

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vol. 32(1)

73-86

EN

The history of the eugenics movement in the United States is strictly interwoven with the processes of immigration, assimilation and naturalization. Well known are the attempts of American eugenicists (described widely by Alexandra Minna Stern in Eugenic Nation: Faults and Frontiers of Better Breeding in Modern America, published in 2005), who combined the Manifest Destiny doctrines of the 1840s with the twentieth century medical and scientific vocabulary in order to improve the genes of the American society. One of the results of the prevailing popularity of the principles voiced by the followers of the movement, who belonged to the country’s dominant group, was the introduction of strict immigration laws between 1891 and 1924. The eugenicists’ preoccupation and obsession with unhealthy and physically inferior immigrant bodies, which needed to be ‘reshaped’ and ‘purified’ in order to be Americanized, was especially prominent in the literary works of American ethnic writers (Anzia Yezierska, Mary Gordon), who published their short stories and novels at the beginning of the twentieth century. However, Immigrant Bodies and the Politics of Eugenics… 85 the discomfort with the immigrant embodied selves also permeates the literary worlds of some of the contemporary Polish American authors. Taking into consideration the fact that literary immigrant bodies may be perceived as “repositories of [the newcomers’] cultures [and] serve as the microcosms of the homelands they left behind,”62 the main aim of the present article is to shed some light upon the images of the immigrant bodies in selected works of American authors of Polish descent.

10

Jeremy Rifkin o konsekwencjach rewolucji biotechnologii. Krytyka „ery biotechnologii”

70%

Słoniowska A.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2014

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vol. 12

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issue 2

67-81

EN

Nowadays we are entering a new period in our history. It is an era of great computers, new technologies and genetic engineering. Most people look to the future with hope, but not Jeremy Rifkin, the American economist and critic of modern civilization. He has called this period 'The Biotech Century'. In his opinion, humanity is treading on thin ice. He believes, that biotechnology brings more disadvantages than advantages. He is trying to convince us that scientists are playing God in their laboratories. They often invent great things like new medicines or therapies. However, Rifkin also points to the other side of the coin. Firstly, there is no way of predicting the effects of biotechnology. Secondly, the human genetic code will be used for commercial purposes. Our genes will be on the market, like any other product in the supermarket. And thirdly, Riffkin warns against the return of eugenics. But this new eugenic will be more powerful, and much more dangerous.

11

„Nowa kobieta” i eugenika w rewolucyjnej retoryce („Chcę mieć dziecko!” Siergieja Trietjakowa, 1926-1928)

70%

Osińska K.

Didaskalia. Gazeta Teatralna

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2023

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issue 175-176

60-93

EN

This article discusses Sergei Tretyakov’s drama I Want a Baby in a broad historical context. At the centre of the drama the writer placed a female protagonist who is, according to the author of the article, a variant of the concept of the ‘new woman’, an interpretation of which was presented by Aleksandra Kołłontaj (in her articles of 1913 and 1919). A summary of Kołłontaj’s views made it possible to extract from them the problems taken up by Tretyakov, i.e. the position of women in society, motherhood, the family, the organisation of the childcare system in the post-revolutionary reality. The heroine of Tretyakov’s play wants to give birth to a child, but does not want to start a family. She chooses a candidate for the father herself, with the proviso that he must be healthy and have a proletarian class background. ‘The New Woman’ in Tretyakov’s rendition is committed to laying the foundations of a healthy society, and eugenics is meant to help in this. The article shows the reasons why the heroine of the drama is not accepted by her environment (in the play itself) and also arouses opposition from the critics (as a result of which, Tretyakov’s work was not printed and did not live to see a stage or film production). Confronting her character with old ideas about the family, Tretyakov points out the obstacles to the fulfilment of the revolutionary ideas. To this end, light was shed on the idea of the new family as construed by Lev Trotsky and on Aron Zalkind’s views on the sexual education of the proletariat. The heroine of the play was confronted with the image of the ‘new woman’ propagated in society and with the real-life communist activist Asja Lācis. Also addressed was the blurring of gender boundaries in the development of the idea of the new man. The numerous contradictions that the play abounds with make it difficult to decide whether Tretyakov believed in the effectiveness of biological control of society combined with the idea of education by institutions, or whether he wanted to show the dangers of social experiment.

12

Romanian Eugenic Sub-Culture and the Allure of Biopolitics, 1918–39

70%

Turda M.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2016

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vol. 114

PL

By the late 1920s a considerable body of eugenic literature in Romanian, Hungarian and German had been produced in Romania, illustrating the growing importance afforded to science and evolutionary theories of human improvement in this country. Engaging with this literature, this article investigates the emergence of a Romanian sub-culture in Transylvania and the Banat, sanctioned through eugenics and biopolitics, and promoted by cultural associations and prominent intellectuals and politicians. In so doing, this article contributes not only to a new appraisal of the relationship between ethnic minorities and majorities in interwar Romania, but also to a new understanding of the ways in which eugenics and biopolitics were harnessed to Romanian narratives of nation-building during the interwar period.

13

When Law Forgets About Dignity”: Selected Historical and Modern Contexts of Sterilisation of People with Disabilities

70%

Sobański P.

Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej

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2020

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issue 28

PL

What is human dignity? How to define the dignity of a person? Is it possible to identify key features that show the principles of respecting the dignity of another person? Attempts to define the concept indicated here may inevitably fail. On the one hand, human dignity is a universal concept. It refers to all people. Nevertheless, on the other hand, each of us has our own sense of dignity. Paradoxically, e.g., humiliation of a particular person’s dignity shows us the importance of the area that has been violated. Similar violations often affect sick and disabled persons. Examples of similar activities throughout human history abound. In this context, special attention should be paid to the interventions undertaken by the Nazis before theoutbreak of WWII. Here, we are talking especially about mass and legalised activities that resulted in the sterilisation of many thousands of people with intellectual disabilities, people with physical disabilities and people experiencing mental disorders. The Nazi practices indicated here are presented as examples of human right violations. At the same time, they are examples of the unlawful rule of the state over an individual. Is there still a danger of reverting to similar practices today? Can standards of respect for human rights created years ago successfully protect disabled people against violation of their dignity? Can the knowledge of Nazi activities still be important to us? The presented article is intended as an attempt at answering these questions.

14

Issues related to the statutory ban on eugenic abortion in Poland (in the opinion of representatives of the community of people with disabilities)

70%

Zaorska M., Zaorski A.

Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej

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2019

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issue 26

PL

The issues of eugenics, although they clearly emerged as late as in the second half of the nineteenth century, was not unknown to humanity in the distant ancient times. From the moment when F. Galton consolidated the theses currently recognized as eugenics, simultaneously introducing the concepts of “eugenics” and “eugenic”, eugenics very quickly found its supporters around the world. Its exceptional exemplification and development was noted in the first half of the twentieth century, which absolutely does not mean that it does not exist nowadays in a different form, using other methods of control and elimination of imperfections of the Homo Sapiens species, as well as undesirable social phenomena. This includes activities not only aimed at prevention, diagnosis or therapy of individual and civilization problems, but are also more radical ones, such as abortion carried out for eugenic purposes. Thus, the content of the article not only discusses eugenic issues in the theoretical context, but also presents opinions of selected groups of people with disabilities,participating in the implementation of the project entitled: “Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, a Common Matter”, conducted in Poland in 2016–2018, concerning the proposal to introduce a total ban on eugenic abortion into Polish legislation.

15

Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Conflicting Perspectives on Ecofeminist Principles

61%

Holder M.

Forum for Contemporary Issues in Language and Literature

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2020

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issue 1

27-41

PL

Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935) was one of the most productive American writers of the turn of the century. She was an author of novels, short stories, non-fiction essays and poems, well known as an activist fighting for women's rights and a precursor of feminism. Gilman proposed a redefinition of the roles in domestic life and society, with women taking more prominence. The writer rejected the male dominant role prevailing in patriarchal society and supported other emancipation movements. Using the affinity of man and animals, Gilman initiated an ecofeminist discourse by presenting a different vision, and proposing new views on the assumptions that underpin her contemporary culture. In her feminist work on the equality of women, Gilman has repeatedly drawn attention to the overt display of cruelty against animals. While addressing their rights and freedoms, the writer emphasized the similarities between women and animals in the patriarchal system, both being treated in subhuman disregard against the privileged position of men. However, her attitude towards animals is not precise and the writer repeatedly formulates conclusions that are surprisingly contradictory to her own views. In her utopian novels, the writer emphasized the potential threat from animals to humans and even questioned the animals’ overall significance. Gilman's views often clash with veiled anthropocentrism, and her ambivalent attitude to the issue of human-animal dependencies makes it impossible to reduce her views to one particular attitude. Her radical feminist views, focused primarily on women's empowerment and the fight against patriarchy, aimed for the overall transformation of society. However, the lack of consistency in Gilman’s views is also manifested in her ambivalent attitude to the overall issue of equality. As she focused on improving the situation of women, Gilman simultaneously ignored the problems of other marginalized social groups, with an undercurrent of racism, class prejudice and xenophobia showing through her writings.

16

Mecanismos de terror de Estado en el caso de los niños perdidos del franquismo: historia y nueva novela histórica

61%

Wachowska J.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2015

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vol. 42

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issue 2

33-49

EN

The purpose of this paper is to uncover the mechanisms used by the Francoist regime to seize the children of its political opponents, as well as to discuss the problem as depicted in contemporary historical novels. In order to achieve these goals, the paper begins with an inquiry into eugenics, as interpreted by the infamous Spanish psychiatrist Antonio Vallejo Nágera. Further, the author reviews the processes through which biological parents (and/or family) lost the legal control over their children, many of whom had their identities changed. Consequently, the analysis focuses on three new historical novels (La voz dormida by Dulce Chacón, Mala gente que camina by Benjamin Prado, and Si a los tres años no he vuelto by Any R. Cañil), which use the mediation of historical memory to recover the remembrance of the lost children of the Francoist regime.

17

Dwakroć eugenika

61%

Piotrowski R.

Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy

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2013

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vol. 10

261-266

PL

Recenzja książek: Maciej BIELAWSKI, Higieniści. Z dziejów eugeniki, przeł. Wojciech Chudoba, Wydawnictwo Czarne, Wołowiec 2011, s. 430; oraz Agata STRZĄDAŁA, Od Galtona do Watsona. Przemiany pojmowania eugeniki w XIX i w XX wieku, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, Opole 2010, s. 203.

EN

Review of: Maciej BIELAWSKI, Higieniści. Z dziejów eugeniki, przeł. Wojciech Chudoba, Wydawnictwo Czarne, Wołowiec 2011, s. 430; oraz Agata STRZĄDAŁA, Od Galtona do Watsona. Przemiany pojmowania eugeniki w XIX i w XX wieku, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, Opole 2010, s. 203.

18

Dark Agents of Sex: Searching for the Sources of Prostitution in Early Twentieth Century Poland

61%

Uzarczyk K.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2016

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vol. 114

PL

A rise of interest in issues of heredity and advances in medicine in the nineteenth century resulted in the widespread medicalization of social phenomena. Theories formulated in the field of natural sciences increasingly served as a tool to explain unacceptable patterns of social behaviour, including prostitution which began to be seen as a biologically determined condition. As a main channel for the spread of STDs – some of them potentially transmissible across generations (congenital syphilis) – prostitution became one of the major concerns of medical professionals. Thus, what was previously a sin and an insult to middle-class moral standards, now came to be seen as a health menace to the entire population. In times of increased competition between nation-states, the latter argument played an even more important role, and the ruling elites sought to tighten control over what they perceived as ‘dangerous bodies’. As campaigners against the ‘great social evil’ also analysed prostitutes’ social milieu, discourses on the causes of prostitution were highly confusing. One source of confusion was Morel’s theory of degeneration, in which the author skilfully combined environmental influence with the concept of hereditary pathology. Additionally, some authors still adhered to a much older explanation for social ills. The construction of an evil ‘Other’ – typically unscrupulous Jew – responsible for planting various physical and/or moral ‘plagues’ in a victimized population, thus threatening its biological existence. The fear of deterioration, inevitably leading to extinction, unified proponents of old-style and modernist anti-vice campaigners. This article offers an overview of expert narratives on the causes of prostitution in the early decades of twentieth century Poland.

19

Czy eugenika felicytologiczna jest w ogóle możliwa?

51%

Wieczorek K.

Amor Fati

|

2015

|

issue 1

127-152

EN

This article tries to answer the question: is felicitous eugenics and creating people by genes manipulation a dan-gerous thing? It is a utopia or it is a new hope? Habermas and Fukuyama are convinced that it leads us to immoral changes in the human nature. But this might be pouring the baby out with the bathwater. In fact medicine for a long time was changing our boundaries of life, death and that of what is normal or not. To respectively reflect on this issue, there is a need for appropriate criteria. This is the role of two terms: the glam thinking and the effective thinking. The first is always focused on a good impression. The second considers the actual effects on the human nature, but not in the utilitarian way. It takes into account the consequences and responsibility for any attempts to interfere in the human being. The author gives examples of these two types of thinking and leads them to conse-quences for human nature. And if we want to talk about responsible eugenics, it is the only way to do that.

20

Zasadnicze przejawy ingerencji w prawa podmiotowe prywatne jednostek przez III Rzeszę

51%

Górnicki L., Kruszewski T.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2017

|

vol. 39

|

issue 1

45-74

EN

The article analyzes the most important manifestations of limitation of subjective rights of private individuals by the Third Reich. The authors begin the article by undermining by the national socialist regime one of the fundamental principles, which is equality before the law. Then, the authors analyze the violations of particulars individual rights of private individuals. The purpose of the authors is to demonstrate that the self-reliance of aperson (Eigenständigkeit) has ceased to be an essential element of private law in the national socialist legal order. The sphere in which the subject of law could freely regulate the legal situation created by acts of his will, became clearly restricted. But also, and even more specifically, the sphere of traditionally protected civil rights of private individuals has fallen. The interference of the national socialist regime in the sphere of human privacy followed by changes both in civil and in public law. The existence of a formal legal basis was supposed to exclude the unlawfulness of the behavior of the subjects of the law, especially the state, its organs and institutions, but in the light of the idea ofthe law of the civilized nations it was “statutory lawlessness”.

Refine search results

Recenzja: Zdzisława Piątek, Eugenika. Zagrożenie czy nadzieja ludzkości? Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń 2019, s. 222. ISBN: 978-83-231-4272-0

Oddział wileński Polskiego Towarzystwa Eugenicznego (Walki ze Zwyrodnieniem Rasy) w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym — geneza, działalność i struktura prawna

Genetic Knowledge and Genetic Reproduction Technologies as New Modes of Governance – are We Witnessing a New Form of Eugenics?

The Concept of the 'New Soviet Man' As a Eugenic Project: Eugenics in Soviet Russia after World War II

Czystość krwi ponad wszystko. Cykl o Harrym Potterze z perspektywy ideologii narodowego socjalizmu

The Belief in the Existence of a Real Man: Eugenic Myth and its Consequences

MIŁOŚĆ I NIENAWIŚĆ JAKO CZYNNIKI HISTORYCZNE

Świat bez kultury Rozważania na temat konsekwencji rewolucji eugenicznej

Immigrant Bodies and the Politics of Eugenics in Selected Literary Works Written by Contemporary Polish American Authors

Jeremy Rifkin o konsekwencjach rewolucji biotechnologii. Krytyka „ery biotechnologii”

„Nowa kobieta” i eugenika w rewolucyjnej retoryce („Chcę mieć dziecko!” Siergieja Trietjakowa, 1926-1928)

Romanian Eugenic Sub-Culture and the Allure of Biopolitics, 1918–39

When Law Forgets About Dignity”: Selected Historical and Modern Contexts of Sterilisation of People with Disabilities

Issues related to the statutory ban on eugenic abortion in Poland (in the opinion of representatives of the community of people with disabilities)

Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Conflicting Perspectives on Ecofeminist Principles

Mecanismos de terror de Estado en el caso de los niños perdidos del franquismo: historia y nueva novela histórica

Dwakroć eugenika

Dark Agents of Sex: Searching for the Sources of Prostitution in Early Twentieth Century Poland

Czy eugenika felicytologiczna jest w ogóle możliwa?

Zasadnicze przejawy ingerencji w prawa podmiotowe prywatne jednostek przez III Rzeszę