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Getting away? How state-run media in late-socialist Czechoslovakia helped to subtly control potentially dangerous everyday practices among cottage owners

100%
Alda K.
Studia Ethnologica Pragensia
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2020
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vol. 1
21-36
EN
This paper explores the interweaving of socialist ideology and the everyday in late socialist Czechoslovakia by analyzing the content of a popular hobby magazine and of a television series between 1968 and 1989. The magazine and the series relate to the phenomenon of weekend cottage ownership, which became especially popular among Czechs and Slovaks from the late 1960s to 80s. While not overtly oppositional to the socialist state, cottage ownership was perceived as potentially dangerous by state authorities because the values it promoted — self-reliance, acquisition of personal property, recreation for private pleasure — ran counter to the state ideology. Based on the analysis of the magazine and the series, this article argues that the subtle use of language in state-controlled media helped to subsume the practice of cottage ownership and to create a distinct public that was incorporated into socialist discourse, stripping the practice of undesirable connotations such as materialism and individualism.
2
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TOREBKA: PŁEĆ I CODZIENNOŚĆ

100%
Albański Ł.
Rocznik Lubuski
|
2016
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vol. 42
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issue 1
293-307
PL
W artykule przedstawiono propozycję zrekonstruowania społecznych kontekstów, w których torebka funkcjonuje jako atrybut kobiecości. Torebka jest przedmiotem, który pozwala na dokumentację codzienności kobiet, spojrzenie w ich świat osobistych relacji, wspomnień z dzieciństwa i indywidualnych preferencji. Torebka jest postrzegana jako intymny świat kobiet, do którego inni mają ograniczony dostęp. Prezentowane konteksty znaczeń torebki w artykule oparto na materiale z wywiadów swobodnych. Artykuł ma charakter opisowy i służy do uchwycenia doświadczenia kobiet z torebkami w możliwie szerokim kontekście społecznym.
EN
The article proposes reconstruction of social contexts in which a handbag functions as an attribute of femininity. A handbag is an object which makes it possible to document everyday life of women, to look at their personal relationships, childhood memories, individual preferences. A handbag is perceived as an intimate world of women, the world to which access of others is limited. The contexts of meanings of a handbag, as presented in the article, are based on the material from open interviews. The article is descriptive and is meant to seize the experience of women with handbags in the overall social context.
3
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(Co robi) kognitywista w supermarkecie

100%
Afeltowicz Ł.
Avant
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2012
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vol. 3
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issue T
149-156
EN
The central area of David Kirsh’s interest is the various ways in which humans use elements of their environment as external components of computation processes or means enabling them to reduce the complexity of cognitive problems they face. in his research he performs field observations as well as laboratory experiments. Kirsh skillfully blends concepts developed in contemporary cognitive science, such as situated cognition or extended mind, with classic concepts including problem solving. A number of his theses seam to derive from „good, old fashioned” computationalism; however, this does not prevent him from demonstrating how cognitive „computations” assume not only reasonings, but also use of cognitive artifacts, bodies or the space itself. In the current issue of AVANT we present two texts authored by Kirsh.
4
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Projektowanie pogrzebu. Dizajn jako narzędzie pracy nad wyobraźnią społeczną

84%
Mazurkiewicz K. M.
Stan Rzeczy
|
2022
|
issue 2(23) Kultura designu
243-274
PL
Artykuł dotyczy pogrzebu jako przedmiotu zainteresowania dizajnu. W obszarze funeralnym projektowanie używane jest w sposób tradycyjny, czyli jako narzędzie rynkowe służące estetyzacji i poprawiające funkcjonalność produktów, co ma prowadzić do zwiększenia zysków. Przy pomocy autoanalizy autor-projektant przedstawia alternatywne podejście. Omawia proces projektowania rytuałów pogrzebowych przyszłości, w którym zastosował metodę dizajnu spekulatywnego. Podstawowym celem tekstu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy w przypadku tego typu projektu, z założenia pozostającego w sferze wyobraźni, można stosować pojęcie wdrożenia. Autor zauważa, że do zmiany praktyk społecznych nie wystarczy sam dizajn. Potrzebny jest ruch społeczny, który wykształca masę krytyczną niezbędną do zmiany myślenia, a następnie prawa. Sposobem wdrożenia projektu spekulatywnego może być potraktowanie go przez organizacje społeczne jako narzędzia warsztatowo-edukacyjnego, stymulującego i poszerzającego wyobraźnię.
EN
This paper deals with funerals as an object of design interest. For funerals, design is used in a traditional way, as a market tool to aestheticise and improve the functionality of products, with the expectation of increased profits. Using self-analysis, the author-designer presents an alternative approach. He discusses the process of designing funerals of the future, for which he uses the speculative design method. The main goal of the article is to answer the question of whether – since this type of project by definition remains in the realm of imagination – we can use the term “implementation” in its regard. The author notes that design is not sufficient to change social practices. What is needed is a social movement that can generate the critical mass necessary to change thinking and, in the next step, the law. The implementation of a speculative design project may involve its use by social organisations as an educational tool to stimulate and expand imagination.
5
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Уход за младенцами: практики, тексты и культурные конфликты

67%
Pletneva A.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2017
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vol. 1
249-269
EN
To create the social history of Russia and the history of everyday life, one needs a description of local everyday practices. This article focuses on the everyday practices associated with the birth of a baby and care for it. The author proceeds from the fact that the 18th and 19th centuries in Russia saw the coexistence of two cultures and two household traditions – the culture of the educated classes and the peasant culture. At the level of everyday practices, they made a certain influence on each other. On the one hand, ethnographic materials were used as sources, and on the other hand – popular medical literature of the 19th century. The article analyzes the practices themselves and the mechanisms of their influence on each other, while it appears that the effect of the practices of educated social groups on people’s life was a conscious Kulturtraeger activity. The influence of peasant household traditions on the lifestyle of educated classes was carried out primarily through direct impact. The ubiquity of nurses who belonged to a different social group than the child’s parents, led to the fact that, despite the parents’ resistance, peasant childcare practices (baby-rocking, pacifier, sleeping together, etc.) were used quite actively.
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