Search results - CEJSH

1

Existenční predikace

100%

Peroutka D.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2009

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vol. 57

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issue 3

375-394

EN

G. Frege did not consider existence to be a property of things, but rather a property of concepts. The statement that ‘people exist‘ would then mean that the concept ‘person’ is (with regard to its extension) not void. Existence is, on this conception, a predicate of the second order. A similar theory is to be found in B. Russell. In a language of the first order, existence is expressed by an independent predicate, but it can be implied by the use of an existential quantifier. W. V. O. Quine taught that “to be means to be the value of a variable” to which it is bound by an existential quantifier. Carnap reacted, however, by saying that existence understood in this way just means the possibility of being proven in the framework of a given system: “to be means to be the element of a system”. Carnap thus showed that the existential quantifier indicates only instantiation in a universe of discourse, not real existence or being in the “metaphysical” sense of the word. If we should like to introduce the missing predicate of existence we must meet Frege’s rightful demand that the predicate be classified with the subject to which it is attributed as a certain class of thing, and thus that it be distinguished from other things which do not belong to the given class. After all, the attribution of predicates which belong to all things is uninformative (e.g. the attribution of self-identity). Now: from what do we distinguish things by attributing to them existence? From fictions, as the followers of A. Meinong suggested? Fictional things are always conceived incompletely: we can untrivially deny existence not to fictions themselves, but to the corresponding complete things which are possible. The universe of existential reflection has two sub-groups: the class of real things, and potential or merely possible things. Actual entities are in actual being, potential entities are in potential being. To have “potential being” means not to have, and at the same time to be able to have, actual being. By attributing, or denying, existence we distribute things into the two sub-groups mentioned. The universe of non-trivial existential reflection is made of things which can be considered as at least possible: this means abstractable subjects, that is such which can be abstracted from whatever being (actual and potential).

2

Definicje przedmiotu teoretycznego

51%

Seidler P.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

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2014

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vol. 4

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issue 2

375-390

EN

The paper presents three main definitions of theoretical entity: basic definition, definition from unobservability, and ontological definition. These are the definitions of theoretical entity that are most popular and widely accepted by philosophers of science (both realists and antirealists). All these definitions contain significant defects, which lead to unacceptable conclusions. The author also offers an alternative definition from explanation, which avoids the defects of previous definitions. The aim of the paper is to prove that proper definition of theoretical entity is necessary in debates over scientific realism. To make a legitimate claim about the existence of theoretical entities, one should know what theoretical entity really is.

3

Świadomość i skończoność w ﬁlozoﬁi Sartre’a, Lévinasa i Bubera

51%

Prokopski J. A.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2006

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vol. 1

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issue 1

57-86

EN

Presented paper focuses on some aspects philosophy three great representatives of the philosophy of existence – Jean Paul Sartre, Emannuel Lévinas and Martin Buber. Those thinkers attempt to create new, non-cartesian, conception of the Other and surmount scepticism and solipsism. In their philosophies we can find some interesting discussions such problems as attitude the man to the other people and relation between man and God. Other important problem considered by Sartre, Lévinas and Buber is finitude human being and consequences emerge from it.

4

On loneliness, philosophically The review of Piotr Domeracki’s Rozstaje samotności. Studium filozoficzne [The Crossroads of Loneliness. A Philosophical Study]

51%

Błaszczyk M.

Świat i Słowo

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2020

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vol. 34(1)

427-427

EN

The paper presents a critical approach to Rozstaje samotności. Studium filozoficzne [The Crossroads of Loneliness. A Philosophical Study] by Piotr Domeracki (Kraków 2016). Its goal is to describe the basic theses presented in the dissertation and to invite to a discussion focused on the shades and dimensions of loneliness, as well as its impact on human existence.

5

Czy ipsum esse św. Tomasza z Akwinu to istnienie czy egzystencja?

51%

Cyciura P.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

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2011

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issue 13

53 – 68

EN

While dealing with the topic that he discovered himself, Thomas had to use the language of his predecessors and colloquial language too. That is why it is so difficult to spot the originality of his metaphysics of the esse-being. The most deceiving term about it is existence (to exist), because to exist is far less than to be, viz. to be in the full perfection of what is real. On the other hand, being completely perfect in a kind does not mean the same as being “divine”. Pseudo-Denis had accurately noticed it using the ambiguous term proballein. For the real being might be regarded as proposed to us by God, and lead us to Him consequently, but might veil Him from us as well. Everything depends on whether we regard esse as the utmost common – the universal in Aristotelian sense (revealing the cause, and the Cause eventually), or as something directly perceived and satisfying our desire of knowledge. The former meaning allows to put esse as a perfection-end; the latter does not. As we first behold what is imperfect, the utmost perfection of being must be seized at the end of cognition. That is why only the proofs of existence of God involve seizing the act of being, whereas so-called existential judgments are a myth.

6

Existence

51%

Skorupski J.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

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2013

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issue 24

5-16

XX

The question what really—ultimately, basically, and so forth—exists remains a fundamental question of philosophy. It is also, however, a prime example of how misleading it can be to try to answer a philosophical question without first taking pains to clarify it. In this case, clarification has turned out to be difficult and controversial, which leads to a meta-question: Is this apparently fundamental question—the ontological question—also a pseudo-question, a question that should be dissolved rather than solved? This paper answers for an answer that is somewhat Meinongian.

7

Wstęp do psychologii miłości

51%

Błaszczyk M.

Człowiek i Społeczeństwo

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2021

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vol. 52

269-275

EN

The paper presents a critical approach to Psychologia kochania by Piotr Olesiński (Warszawa 2018). It discusses the main theses presented in the dissertation and invites to reflection focused on the psychological dimension of love, its role and place in human existence.

8

Existence a ontologická hra událostí

45%

Prášek P.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2019

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vol. 67

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issue 3

403-420

EN

Although the event is the phenomenon par excellence, it did not become a central theme of phenomenology until it was addressed in the work of Henri Maldiney, who tried to complete Heidegger’s analytic of existence (Dasein) during an investigation of the “pathological moment” of existence. The article consistently and critically attempts to present both this project of Maldiney’s and the work, subsequent to it, of the contemporary author Claude Romano, who in his “evential hermeneutic” further develops Maldiney’s position. The main intention of the article, however, is to suggest a further possible direction of the systematic investigation of the event in phenomenology, and therefore, in its conclusion, it shows why Romano does not sufficiently develop Maldiney’s position.

DE

Obgleich das Ereignis ein Phänomen par excellence ist, wird es erst mit dem Werk Henri Maldineys, der versuchte, Heideggers Daseinsanalyse um die Analyse des „pathischen Moments“ der Existenz zu ergänzen, zu einem zentralen Thema. Der Artikel stellt den Versuch dar, dieses Vorhaben Maldineys in seinem Zusammenhängen kritisch vorzustellen, wobei auch das daran anknüpfende Werk des zeitgenössischen Autors Claude Romano mit einbezogen wird, der Maldineys Position in seiner „Ereignishermeneutik“ (herméneutique événementiale) weiterentwickelt. Hauptziel des Textes ist es jedoch, eine weitere mögliche Richtung der systematischen Untersuchung des Ereignisses in der Phänomenologie aufzuzeigen, weshalb der Autor zum Schluss erläutert, warum es sich bei Romano um eine unzureichende Entwicklung handelt.

CS

Ačkoli je událost fenoménem par excellence, ve fenomenologii se stala ústředním tématem až spolu s dílem Henriho Maldineye, který se Heideggerovu analytiku pobytu (Dasein) pokusil doplnit o zkoumání „patického momentu“ existence. Článek se pokouší souvisle a kriticky představit jak tento Maldineyův projekt, tak i na něj navazující dílo současného autora Clauda Romana, který Maldineyovu pozici ve své „událostní hermeneutice“ (herméneutique événementiale) dále rozvíjí. Hlavním záměrem tohoto textu je však naznačení dalšího možného směru systematického zkoumání události ve fenomenologii, a proto autor na závěr ukazuje, proč se u Romana nejedná o rozvinutí dostačující.

9

What does it mean ‘to exist’ in physics?

45%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2018

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issue 65

EN

Physical theories give us the best available information about what there exists. Although physics is not ontology, it can be ontologically interpreted. In the present study, I propose to interpret physical theories à la Quine, i.e. not to speculate about what really exists, but rather to identify what a given physical theory presupposes that exists. I briefly suggest how Quine’s program should by adapted to this goal. To put the idea to the test, I apply it to the famous Hartle–Hawking model of the quantum creation of the universe from nothing, and try to discover what kind of nothingness the model presupposes. I also make some remarks concerning ontological commitments of the method of physics itself.

10

Symbol w filozofii religii Paula Tillicha

45%

Bogdalczyk M.

Racjonalia. Z punktu widzenia humanistyki

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2012

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vol. 2

EN

The concept of a symbol has its meaning not only in epistemology and psychology but also in philosophy of religion. The reconstructed concept of a religious symbol, based on Paul Tillich’s understanding and compared with present achievements in the field, is current and interesting motive to investigate the phenomenon of religion. Tillich’s existential interpretation of the ontology-based symbol, makes it more understandable and open for contemporary man and world questions concerning religion. The structure of religious symbol, its use and interpretation make man – religion communication more comprehensive and clear.

11

Doświadczenie „tamtego świata” w poezji Tomasza Różyckiego

45%

Chomiuk A.

Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze

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2017

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vol. 11

EN

One of the important ontological assumptions of the poetic reality created in Tomasz Różycki’s poems is the multiplication of reality. The article aims to describe one of the characteristic “anti-worlds” in his work – the world of the dead. Within the analytical framework the author of the article placed the presumable lyrical ego’s ability to penetrate the borders of death and his relationships with “the other side” of existence.

12

Istnienie i metafizyczny niepokój w filozofii Stanisława Ignacego Witkiewicza

45%

Lubecki M.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2013

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issue 3(30)

71-86

XX

This article is devoted to the notions of Existence and Mystery in Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz’s philosophy. We ask about the ontologic and existential motifs in his works. We are especially interested in the general character of the theses of The Concepts and Principles Implied by the Concept of Existence. The issues of Existence, the Mystery and the Nothingness, which are the subject of this elaboration, seem to be of key importance in Witkiewicz’s philosophy. To approach those notions in an appropriate manner, it is necessary to refer not only to philosophical works by Witkiewicz, but also to the remaining theoretical works, novels, and stage plays. The search for philosophical contents in artistic works is not anything unusual, however, we want to point out only those parts in which the feelings of metaphysical restlessness and oddity of existence are revealed as the most complete and the most acute realization of a specific dimension of existence.

13

Problem istnienia w filozofii greckiej (ujęcie Charlesa H. Kahna)

45%

Kokoć D.

Racjonalia. Z punktu widzenia humanistyki

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2016

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vol. 6

PL

Scholars agree that question of existence was ignored by the ancient Greeks. The main cause of such a state was the way that the ancients perceived the world. We can found this imgage not only in their mythology, but also in their philosophy. Jacek Wojtysiak claims, for antic Hellenes the world was relatively contingent, which means that for them anything that was, was not something necessary, because the whole reality was constantly changing. Therefore, the universe and its laws could receive different form that they have now. But the ancients didn’t perceived reality as radically contingent, which means that they received the universe as eternal and it was impossible that it would not exist. This is the way Greeks concentrated on the question of nature of the reality, what was it basic substance, and what decide that the universe was what it was.Charles H. Kahn’s considerations are important in the study of the ancient conception of being and existence. Basing on the analysis of language of ancient Greeks, he answers the question why they didn’t considered the question of existence. Kahn claims that for ancients the main issue in Greek’s theory of being was not the question of the existence, but truthfulness meaning of the verb einai. This linguistic investigations are useful because, as he claims, the way how we are perceiving the reality depends on language we use. It also applies to ontological consideration.

14

Revolt in Albert Camus’ works

45%

Błaszczyk M.

Świat i Słowo

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2020

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vol. 35(2)

369-374

EN

The paper presents a critical approach to Buntownik. Ewolucja i kryzys w twórczości Alberta Camusa [The Rebel. Evolution and Crisis in the Works of Albert Camus] by Maciej Kałuża (Kraków 2017). Its goal is, firstly, to present the basic theses described in the dissertation; secondly – to depict them in a broader context of contemporary existential philosophy; thirdly – to encourage the readers to reflect on the issues of revolt in the works by Albert Camus.

15

Presentism, Eternalism, and the Triviality Problem

45%

Gołosz J.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

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2013

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vol. 22

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issue 1

45-61

EN

It is often claimed that the debate between presentism and eternalism is merely verbal, because when we use tensed, detensed or tenseless notions of existence, there is no difference in the accepted metaphysical statements between the adherents of both views. On the contrary, it is shown in this paper that when we express their positions making use, in accordance with intentions of the presentists and the eternalists, of the tensed notion of existence (in the case of the presentists) and the detensed or tenseless notion (in the case of the eternalists), the controversy remains deep and very important for us, because both ontological claims express a different attitude to the existence of the flow of time. It is shown that not only does the proposed approach to presentism and eternalism exactly express the intentions of the adherents of both views but it also offers a better understanding of them joining together seemingly different theses maintained by the presentists and the eternalists, and explaining at the same time the dynamism of the presentists’ ontology. The paper takes for granted that we should assess metaphysical theories in a similar way as we assess scientific theories, that is on the basis of their explanatory value.

16

Myśląc z Heideggerem - między właściwością i niewłaściwością egzystencji

45%

Waśko M.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

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2017

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vol. 40

29-48

EN

In this paper I analyze Martin Heidegger concept of existence authenticity (Eigentlichkeit) and inauthenticity (Uneigentlichkeit). I attempt to prove that these two modi of being simultaneously constitute an existence and that neither of them can be independent and separate from the second. Consequently, our existence can’t be ‘purely’ authentic or inauthentic but ontological it is always authentic and inauthentic simultaneously. To prove that this reading doesn’t lead to a contradiction, I inscribe these analyzed ways of being in a figure of circle.

17

Transcendentna perspektywa autokreacji bytu ludzkiego w myśli Karla Jaspersa

45%

Urbanek M.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2011

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vol. 39

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issue 1

101-115

EN

The article is an attempt to determine the character of the relation between human being and transcendence in Jaspers’ philosophy of existence. Jaspers' concept of existence comes from the anthropological philosophy of Max Scheler, J. G. Herder and Nietzsche's philosophy of human being and is conditioned by the earlier ways of describing human being and it's “place in the universe”. Determining the scope of the term “creation” makes it possible to distinguish between “creation” and “auto-creation” as two aspects of human existence that are inextricably linked in a dialectical relationship. On one hand, the term "creation" can be understood as being created; on the other hand, it can be understood as determining the meaning of existence (auto-creation). It turns out that both “being created” and “auto-creation” are based upon transcendence as a source of all being and therefore cannot be treated separately but only as a part of a dialectical discourse.

18

Polski Wykop, czyli Wschód Andrzeja Stasiuka

45%

Sienkiewicz M.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2017

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issue 22/3

83-91

EN

The aim of this paper is to compare and discuss, direct and indirect, intertextual references to Andrzej Platonov’s The Foundation Pit in The East of Andrzej Stasiuk. A. Stasiuk’s novel is an attempt of self-discovery, finding own roots, seeing „clarity of existence”. Autobiographical narrator of the novel often refers to fragments of The Foundation Pit by A. Platonov, which he finds in the past of his grandparents, his parents and his own. Characters in both novels try to find the same sense, hidden truth, despite time and geographical gap dividing them. Traveller from The East, communism child, recalls resettlement and Jewish extermination, in other words about matter annihilation. Image of Poles, Russians, Chinese people and communism creates integral whole and forces to reflect over past, present and future times. Whereas the East, which according to narrator, begins at the east bank of Vistula and reaches to China, becomes a foundation pit, where through fire and destruction, foundations of communism were built.

19

The „Book of the Judge”. On the Importance of Kierkegaard’s Journals and Papers

45%

Binetti M. J., Kralik R., Kondrla P.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2022

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vol. 13

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issue 2

31-38

EN

Aim. Our main purpose is  to explain the connection between the work and the intimate existence of Søren Kierkegaard, and how freedom operates in both of them. Concept. The article makes visible new writing ways that open from within Kierkegaard's work. Analytical reading of Kierkegaard's Journals and the comparative interpretation of the rest of Kierkegaard's work in terms of communicative styles and explains the genesis and location and type of communication of the Journals within the framework of the Kierkegaardian Corpus. Results. Kierkegaard’s philosophy is present and indicates the extremely personal place in which the author possessed its work. Conclusions. We conclude the unavoidable importance of the Journals for the interpretation of Kierkegaard's work. The reason why the Journals are for Kierkegaard's „The Book of the Judge” lies in the direct, personal and intimate communication of its writing. Existence as free and self-conscious action constitutes the core of the article. On it rests the personal development of the individual and the incommensurable value of his life and work.

20

The peculiarities of scientific and technological influence upon formation of person’s identity

45%

KALUGA V.

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2013

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vol. 4

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issue 1

152-157

EN

The article is aimed at investigating „identity phenomenon”, the peculiarities of its formation and also at studying of influence of scientific and technological factors upon formation of identity

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