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1
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Theology, Hermeneutics and Philosophical Poetics

100%
Kačerauskas T.
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
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2012
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vol. 14
95-107
EN
The article deals with Heidegger’s attitudes towards theology. Heidegger, stating that existential philosophy and theology are incompatible, advances a thesis of not objectivating poetic thinking. Whereas, Ricoeur’s biblical hermeneutics is based on his theory of metaphor. The lingual act here means the destruction of the old outlook for the sake of the new one. In this dramatic way cognition occurs as a meeting. The poetic thinking of the late Heidegger is also based on a meeting that covers both horizontal coexistence and vertical direction. The author raises the question whether the poetic thinking of the late Heidegger is not theological?
2
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Depresja jako „choroba na śmierć” Próba ujęcia stanu depresji jako problemu egzystencjalnego w ramach filozofii Sørena Kierkegaarda

88%
Kunisz K.
Logos i Ethos
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2013
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issue 2(35)
55–79
EN
Depression is not a popular philosophical problem, despite the fact that it is one of the most frequent psychopathologies nowadays. The aim of the article is to consider the problem of depression as a philosophical one in terms of Cheshire Calhoun’s analytic work on depression and S.ren Kierkegaard’s philosophy of despair and anxiety. The author shows that the state of depression is connected to the sick man’s failure to be a living being due to the process that Calhoun calls “the defeat of an agency”. Calhoun claims that a man stops to be an active person because his will is disengaged due to his feeling of estrangement from his normative outlook of self-conception, his disbelief in the effectiveness of instrumental reasoning and lack of confidence in one’s security from misfortune and harm. The permanent state of this defeat leads to being disengaged from one’s very roots of being a motivated person. At this point living the being is opened to despair and anxiety, which are the means of creating a state of being as a “defeated agency”. The analysis of Kierkegaard’s work brings a new perspective of depression. A depressed person is one who is possessed by despair and anxiety. The analysis of different forms of despair and anxiety bring new light to the process of becoming depressed. It shows that the depressed person is in a permanent state of being “cut off” from life. This perspective leads to the conclusion that depression could be seen as Kierkegaard’s „Sickness Unto Death”.
3
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The Basic Principles of Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games in Relation to Philosophy

75%
Petr S.
Littera Scripta
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2018
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issue 1
132-144
EN
The aim of this article is to uncover the relationships between philosophy and Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games (hereinafter MMORPG) and their discussion fora; i.e. the relevance of existential and analytical philosophy to the virtual world of MMORPGs. Content analysis of writings by famous philosophers was employed as a reliable method for gathering relevant data, as it was for collecting useful information from MMORPG discussion fora. The author assumes that MMORPGs originated as a response to the super-technical and increasingly technocratic western world from which players want to escape in order to find a simpler and more challenging, yet virtual world.
4
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Shestov's Quest for Certainty of Faith

75%
Macintosh A.
Forum Philosophicum
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2006
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vol. 11
211-222
EN
This article reconstructs Lev Shestov’s views on the Christian faith and, more specifically, his exploration of religious philosophy. Shestov was raised in the Jewish tradition, and as a mature man he was baptized in the Orthodox Church. The article shows the twists and turns of his intellectual quest, which took him from Marxism, via criticism of 19th century intellectualism, to religious philosophy.
5
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Ziemska czy niebiańska? Wizja miłości u Cypriana Kamila Norwida i Sørena Kierkegaarda

63%
Walczak M., Krogulska A.
Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk
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2013
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issue 3
PL
Søren Kierkegaard i Cyprian Kamil Norwid nie należą do często zestawianych ze sobą twórców. Jednak ich wizje miłości mają wiele wspólnych cech. Odwołują się do konwencjonalnych przejawów tego uczucia: aktu zaręczyn i małżeństwa. Krytykują złudność i niedoskonałość „miłości ziemskiej”. Wskazują na duchowy wymiar tego uczucia oraz możliwość miłości przy dążeniu ku boskiemu wymiarowi.
EN
The article is devoted to the analysis of conceptions of love created by two nineteenth century thinkers: Cyprian Kamil Norwid and Søren Kierkegaard. Although their att itude to love has not been widely compared, the authors believe that it is important to point out similarities. Both the Polish writer and the Danish philosopher are focused on engagement and marriage, which are thought to be conventional ways of expressing the feeling. They criticise the imperfection of “love profane”. Their goal is to emphasize the spiritual aspect of love, which is connected with Christian thought.
6
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Dlaczego jest mi źle? Odczucia egzystencjalne Jean-Paula Sartre’a w kontekście fenomenologicznej psychopatologii Thomasa Fuchsa

63%
Chojnacka M. A.
Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka
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2019
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vol. 107
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issue 4
15-29
EN
This article picks certain motifs from Jean-Paul Sartre’s philosophy on the structure of human subjectivity and juxtaposes them with reflections based on phenomenological psychopathology by Thomas Fuchs. The three ‘dimensions’ of human subjectivity, as distinguished by Sartre and Fuchs, are compared: the feeling of self, the feeling of the other and the feeling of time. Consequently, the existential feelings described by Sartre are connected with mental disorders distinguished by Fuchs in an attempt to recognise a place for Sartre’s theory of existentialism in the most recent discussion on phenomenological psychopathology.
7
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Tragično a transcendence: "Všechno zlé není tragické"

51%
Tomášová P.
Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue 1
25-34
EN
This text concentrates on the relationship of evil and tragedy in context of the book Von der Wahrheit (1947; On the Truth) by Karl Jaspers. In its first part, the essay describes a distinct way of understanding Kant’s ethical evil. In contrast, Jaspers associates evil with untruth and sees its origin in the divergence of all ways of embracing. In the “Über das Tragische” chapter, two concepts of evil may be observed – the will to evil and the hidden evil. Individuals are responsible for both of these evils, although they are not the cause. Nevertheless, evil is not tragedy. The second part of the essay presents a closer look at an argument of Jaspers that “all that is evil is not tragic” to prove that death and suffering are an integral part of the life. Tragedy is anchored in a transcendence. A tragic hero, even at the cost of his own life, fights for the truth and embodies new ideas by his demeanour. The essay further shows Jaspers’ argument that religion is antagonistic to tragedy, because salvation, as portrayed in the religions, precludes the possibility of the tragic death, as being absolutely and radically tragic. The essay demonstrates Jaspers’ specific conceptual grasp of the tragedy as the basic reality of life, which shows the transience of human life and universal order.
CS
Předkládaný text pojednává o vztahu zla a tragična v rámci filosofické koncepce Karla Jasperse, a to zejména v kontextu jeho knihy Von der Wahrheit (1947). První část práce se zaměřuje na Jaspersovo pojetí zla, jež je výrazně odlišné od Kantova etického zla. Na rozdíl od Kanta Jaspers spojuje zlo s nepravdou a vidí jeho původ v nejednotě všech způsobů objímajícího bytí. V kapitole „Über das Tragische“, v níž Jaspers pojednává o tragičnu, lze rozpoznat dvojí zlo – vůli ke zlu a skryté zlo. Druhá část studie podrobněji analyzuje Jaspersovu tezi, že „všechno zlé není tragické“. Smrt a utrpení jsou nedílnou součástí života, přičemž tragédie je zakotvena v transcendenci. Tragický hrdina i za cenu svého vlastního života bojuje za pravdu a ztělesňuje nové ideje svým jednáním. Podle Jasperse křesťanské náboženství znemožňuje opravdové tragično, neboť spása vylučuje možnost tragické smrti jako absolutně a radikálně tragické. Stať představuje Jaspersovo specifické chápání konceptu tragična jakožto základní reality světa, jež ukazuje pomíjivost lidského života a také univerzálního řádu.
8
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Koncepcja egzystencji Karla Jaspersa jako przyczynek do refleksji nad codziennością wychowania

51%
Sztobryn-Bochomulska J., Łódzki U., Justyna Sztobryn-Bochomulska – magister a. w. Z. P. F. n. W. N. o. W. U. Ł. Z. n. p. o., Justyna Sztobryn-Bochomulska – MA a. a. t. D. o. P. P. a. t. F. o. E. S. o. t. U. o. Ł. R. i. g. p.
Nauki o Wychowaniu. Studia Interdyscyplinarne
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2016
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vol. 2
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issue 1
PL
W artykule przedstawiono swoiście definiowane pojęcie egzystencji w filozofii Jaspersa. W jego wykładni owa egzystencja, która pozwala człowiekowi na wybicie się ponad miałkość życia empirycznego – niepełnego, stała się myślą do rozważań nad codziennością wychowania. Według Jaspersa w życiu człowieka istotną rolę odgrywają sytuacje graniczne, które zmuszają go do podejmowania wysiłku przeobrażania siebie. Człowiek jako istota wolna może podjąć ów wysiłek, czyli wejść w sytuację graniczną i w egzystencję, a tym samym transcendować ku Bytowi lub też pozostać poza egzystencją. Kreacja samego siebie, jaką można obserwować u człowieka zobrazowanego w filozofii Jaspersa, jest analogiczna do procesu wychowania i samowychowania, tak jak ma to miejsce w Kantowskiej i neokantowskiej filozofii wychowania, kiedy człowiek podąża od anomii, przez heteronomię ku autonomii moralnej.
EN
The article presents a specifically defined concept of existence in the philosophy of Jaspers. In his interpretation, existence which allows man to rise above the shallowness of empirical (and therefore incomplete) life has sparked the afterthought on the everyday reality of education. According to Jaspers, boundary situations play an important role in human life, since they force man to make an effort aimed at transforming himself. Man, as a free creature, can make this effort and enter a boundary situation and existence, thus transcending towards Being, or he may stay out of existence. Creation of the self, which can be observed in a human being portrayed by Jaspers’ philosophy, is analogous to the process of education and self-education, as in the case of Kantian and neo-Kantian philosophy of education, when a man goes from anomie, through heteronomy, to moral autonomy.
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