Search results - CEJSH

1

Insight into Bergman’s Persona

100%

Danielewicz A.

Nauka

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2019

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issue 1

EN

The aim of the article is to discuss Ingmar Bergman’s film Persona in a philosophical context and analyze the problem of the identity of the main characters. During the analysis, elements of existential thought and Sartre's philosophy were used. The psychological and philosophical layer of the film combines the common theme of broadly understood existence. The focus was on the identity problems of the main characters of the film and the linguistic layer in the context of the interpersonal conflict.

2

The Aesthetic Individual and the New South in the Age of Alienation in Walker Percy’S the Moviegoer

100%

Popescu D. N.

Messages, Sages and Ages

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2015

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vol. 2

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issue 1

17-21

EN

This paper addresses Walker Percy’s first novel, The Moviegoer, tracing the use of existentialist tropes in its narrative construction in order to delineate the problematic condition of the human individual in the postwar South. The protagonist’s search for an authentic self and his escape from the snares of everydayness are put into perspective in the context of Percy’s professed understanding of Kierkegaard and Sartre, against the background of a South increasingly alienated from her ancient traditions

3

Pedagogika wobec problematyczności bytu ludzkiego. O konfliktach w życiu człowieka

100%

Rumianowska A.

Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny

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2019

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vol. 64(2 (252))

70-85

PL

The purpose of the article is to outline the problem of widely understood conflicts in human life from the perspective of existential philosophy. Without questioning the importance of psychological research on complex mechanisms underlying conflicts, the author points to the issue of the problematic nature of human existence, the category of freedom, the problem of the authenticity of being and the sense of meaning. In the second part of the paper, the essence of educational process in the context of experiencing difficulties and conflicting situations by human beings has been introduced. The necessity of taking into account the problem of being oneself and constituting a human being in relation to himself, the world and others has been presented.

4

Inspirations of the theology of Hans Urs von Balthasar

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Jastrzębski A.

Filozofia Chrześcijańska

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2016

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vol. 13

121-134

PL

The article is an attempt at characterizing some selected thinkers, who significantly influenced the theological research of Hans Urs von Balthasar. We refer to the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas, existentialist philosophers such as Søren Kierkegaard, Martin Heidegger, the founder of psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud, as well as to that of the Russian thinker Nikolai Berdyaev and German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. The intent of the author is to show von Balthasar’s eclectic work, i.e. the analysis and assimilation of new ideas in the main body of the Swiss theologian theory.

5

Экзистенциализм Витольда Гомбровича и Георгия Иванова

100%

Malcew L.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2015

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issue 20

75-81

EN

In the present article a comporative analysis of the novel Ferdidurke by Gombrowich and the story Disintegration of Atom by George Ivanov that were published at the same time and that were interpreted as an artistic realization of the existential ideals is offered. An analysis of philosophic sense of these works is based on aesthetic antinomism of Berdayev who told the difference between an synthetic and an analytic types in modernist art of the XXth century.

6

John Paul II’s Gamble with ‘the Meaning of Life’

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Hochschild J. P.

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2021

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vol. 10

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issue 3

491-515

EN

One of John Paul II’s remarkable innovations was his embrace of the question of “the meaning of life.” The question of “the meaning of life” was never asked before the 19th century, and it was slow to be integrated into Catholic discourse. When the question of life’s meaning emerged, it effectively replaced a prior question, about the purpose or telos of life, with a very different set of theoretical assumptions. From the traditional perspective, the question of life’s meaning is highly suspicious, and even Pope John Paul II’s unparalleled embrace of the question confirms that he framed his personalism in terms of the older question of life’s purpose or telos.

7

Tango złamanych serc. Wong Kar-wai o niespełnieniu

88%

Sosnowska K.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2016

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issue 1(40)

71-84

EN

The text analyses a Hongkong based director Wong Kar-wai’s film Days of Being Wild from two points of view: its literary and philosophical inspirations. The first one focuses on Argentinian Manuel Puig’s novel Heartbreak Tango. The second one examines the philosophical structure of the main character. The thesis of the article is that the director links different cultures in his film: Asian, non-American and European in a surprising fictional-symbolic strategy. Firstly, he uses a literary inspiration to formulate the story settled in the Asian context. Secondly, the conclusions resulting from it evoke the philosophical tradition of the European existentialism. Wong has carried out each of the references in a superb manner.

8

Die verlorene Kindheit im Werk Woher ich komme von Alexa Hennig von Lange

88%

Sobótka B.

Acta Philologica

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2015

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issue 47

129-134

PL

Alexa Hennig von Lange z wielką wirtuozerią nakreśla złożoność problemów trapiących młode pokolenie. Twórczość autorki, zwłaszcza utwór Woher ich komme, traktuje o lękach egzystencjalnych młodzieży. W tej powieści Hennig von Lange ukazuje doniosłą rolę dzieciństwa. Autorka przedstawia żal głównej bohaterki za utraconym dzieciństwem, nawiązując do twórczości Pablo Nerudy. Utwór nawiązuje explicite do egzystencjalizmu, gdyż ukazuje cierpienie i śmierć. Bohaterka będąc jeszcze dzieckiem była świadkiem śmierci brata i matki. Utwór ujawnia znaczenie przeszłości, zwłaszcza dzieciństwa, w dorosłym życiu. Pokazuje jak tragedia z dzieciństwa przyczynia się do anoreksji dziewczyny i ma ścisły związek z jej lękami egzystencjalnymi.

EN

Alexa Hennig von Lange masterly depicts the complexity of the problems that afflict the young generation. Her works, particularly Woher ich komme, deal with the existential fears of the youth. In this novel, Hennig von Lange depicts the profound significance of childhood. The text represents the grief of the protagonist after her lost childhood, refering to the works of Pablo Neruda. Woher ich komme explicitly refers to the existentialism as it portrays suffering and death. The main figure has seen the death of her brother and mother, drowning in the sea. The text highlights the significance of the past, particularly of childhood, as it shows how this tragedy could have caused anorexia and existential fears of the protagonist.

9

"Harfa Orfeusza" - uwagi na marginesie twórczości Marii Komornickiej

88%

Ratuszna H.

Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne

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2015

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issue 4/2015 O Młodej Polsce mniej znanej

35-47

EN

Maria Komornicka is the author who evokes the figure of Orpheus. In those of her works which were created towards the end of her life, the motif of journey, of search and that of collapse occur. Komornicka also announces the need for resurgence (the return);still, her biography and her corpus become the evidence of her loneliness and her being rejected. The figure of a singer, Orpheus, symbolizes poetry, dilemmas, the misgivings of the artist performing at the beginning of the XX century. One of the most significant problems is the loss of identity, which in turn leads to emptiness and melancholy. Komornicka’s corpus belongs to the current of existentialism.

10

L’ABSURDE, UN MIROIR DU DÉSACCORD AVEC LE MONDE

88%

Dărăbuş C.

Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies

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2009

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vol. 1

56-67

EN

Originating in existentialism, the absurd is a response offered by the analysis of the existence in the works of Franz Kafka and Dino Buzzati. The 20th century was a century of great innovations in the field of literature, of philosophy, of the arts in general. The preoccupation for the human condition is a form of responsibility for the human destiny. The elements invading Josef K. and Giovanni Drogo’s lives (the characters in The Trial and The Desert of the Tartars) all of a sudden are more powerful than their will; therefore their tragic end is explained not by the fact that they are guilty, but by their not being able to justify their existence.

11

Existentialism in the journal letters and the following debate of 1947-1948

88%

Matoušek J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2021

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vol. 69

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issue Special_Issue_1

173-185

EN

The third issue of the Melantrich Letters of 1947 became a notional epicentre of the reception of existentialism in Czechoslovakia. Along with a wide range of translations of various primary authors, it also provided the public with thematic studies written by prominent domestic philosophical authorities which serve as keys for interpretation as well as assessment of the cultural-philosophical movement that had gained such popularity, especially in France. The presented paper highlights the characteristic traits of these interpretations where the central role is often played by thematisation and the function of human individuality, which is understood as an integral feature of existential thinking. The atmosphere of post-war Czechoslovakia and the forthcoming coup d’état of February 1948 had a significant influence on the general overtones of those studies as well as on the main streams of reactions that immediately followed.

12

Revolt in Albert Camus’ works

88%

Błaszczyk M.

Świat i Słowo

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2020

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vol. 35(2)

369-374

EN

The paper presents a critical approach to Buntownik. Ewolucja i kryzys w twórczości Alberta Camusa [The Rebel. Evolution and Crisis in the Works of Albert Camus] by Maciej Kałuża (Kraków 2017). Its goal is, firstly, to present the basic theses described in the dissertation; secondly – to depict them in a broader context of contemporary existential philosophy; thirdly – to encourage the readers to reflect on the issues of revolt in the works by Albert Camus.

13

Berdyaev: Freedom Against the Objectified World

88%

Styczyński M.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2016

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vol. 60(2 (453))

41-47

PL

This paper is a contribution to the constantly increasing Polish interest in Russian thought, especially in Nicolas Berdyaev’s philosophy. It starts with a short synthesis of his philosophy. The differences between the Western way of thinking and Russian religious thinking are mentioned in passing. Berdyaev’s existential personalism, which from the sociological point of view can be described as freedom from the world, is dealt with. The thinker contrasts persons and their activities with the objectified world and emphasizes the existential strangeness of the person in the world of culture bound by different determining factors.

14

Michela de Montaigne’a filozofia człowieka

88%

Błaszczyk M.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2020

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vol. 64(2 (469))

7-18

PL

The article aims to show the main aspects of Michel de Montaigne’s philosophy of man, exposing the existential themes presented in it. The paper presents Montaigne’s critique of speculative (academic) philosophy, his reluctance to construct a philosophical system, to describe and explain human life experience as a whole. The article emphasizes that the French philosopher appears as a defender of religious tolerance, a spokesman of dialogue and cultural relativism, and also – considering the existential themes of his work (the problem of loneliness, moral values or art of living) – that he may be considered a pioneer of existential philosophy.

15

Biografia intelektualna Emila Ciorana

88%

Piechaczek S.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

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2011

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issue 14

101 – 122

EN

On the formation of Cioran’s vision of the world and man, influenced largely his belonging to precisely this and no other nation. Romanian fatalism, inability to illusions, seeing the inevitable, the Romanian people’s faith in the fact that sin and creation are the same and constant accusations against this creation are the constitutive elements of Cioran’s thought. Carrying the baggage of experiences of the nation thrown out of history and time, Cioran, as a Romanian emigrant in France, found the best model for his own writing in rhetorical and satirical tradition of the French moralists of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, who were a combination of “lyrical sublimity and cynicism”, gentleness and hell. They showed him not only what is uncompromising in pursuing the motives of human action, looking at everything from many different perspectives, or suspicion of any kind of doctrine, but they also became for him a model of style. Of all literary forms cultivated by moralists, Cioran appreciated most the fragment, that is to say a closed form, often paradoxical and witty that having nothing in common with the characteristic for large systems long strings of argument – that was a form of recording experience, and like this experience, assumed discontinuity. Being a spokesperson for the “philosophy of the only moments”, Cioran advocated not only against the system, but also against academic philosophy – grown with indifference, regardless of the state of mind, it seemed to him the result of reduction of vitality and a kind of escape into the impersonal world of unrest. State, which fully made Cioran realize the futility resorting to this kind of philosophy, was insomnia, from which the Romanian philosopher had suffered more or less since he was seventeen. According to the author of the Fall in the Time insomnia and boredom are the “minimum imbalance”, which we have to experience, when we want to get closer to some essential truths about man. However, the price that we pay for it, is to get overly heightened awareness and inability to re-engage in life. The “extreme sobriety of look” leads to skepticism, which in the twentiethcentury in the works of Romanian thinker has its most perfect expression.

16

The Yoruba Concept of the Okun Omo Iya as a Critique of Martin Buber’s “I-Thou” and the Quest for Environmental Sustainability

88%

Esan O. D., Awe S. K.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2023

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issue 2

233-253

EN

This paper attempts to critique the existential philosophy of Martin Buber’s theory of the “I-Thou” using the Yoruba concept of okun omo iya. The need for the realization of a sustainable environment has been a point of focus for researchers, scholars, and government policy makers. The reason for this realization is not far-fetched. According to a record from World Health Organisation (WHO), one-quarter of all deaths worldwide are attributed to over-exploitation and reckless usage of the environment. This undoubtedly has caused several human-induced disasters such as floods. The reckless usage and abuse of the environment is predicated on the domineering tendency of humans towards the environment. Martin Buber, in his existentialist philosophy, argues that humans should treat their relations as “I-Thou” (as subjects) and not as “I-It” (as objects). It follows that humans must be considerate in relating with each other such that fellow humans should not be treated as a means to an end, rather as ends in themselves. Simply put, fellow humans should not be seen as objects that others can either control, dominate, or subdue. However, Buber’s existentialist philosophy is human-centered, as it excludes the non-human entities and as well, failed to explain the relationship that should exist between humans and non-human entities. Hence, the Yoruba concept of okun omo iya will be used as a paradigm to remodel and re-configure the existentialist philosophy of Buber in a way that is environmentally inclusive.

17

Albert Camus’ eksistentsialismi jooni Priit Pärna filmides

88%

Nurk P. K.

Mäetagused

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2023

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vol. 85

95-120

EN

Comparison of two works benefits the understanding of both of them. The comparison finds the overlap between the works along with the standpoints that distinguish them. The interpretation of these works is broadened and also more distinctly delimited. The article examines the films of Estonia’s most accomplished animation director Priit Pärn for signs of existentialist thought, based on Albert Camus’s The Myth of Sisyphus. Close textual analysis was used to answer the research question: which existentialist traits appear in Priit Pärn’s films, and how they resemble and differ from Albert Camus’s view of existentialism. The research found numerous parallels between Priit Pärn’s filmography and Camus’s existentialist thought. One of the leitmotifs of Pärn’s films is the prevalence of preposterous totalitarian systems, where the prevailing situation is nearly identical to one in which the absurd man would discover the absurd. Various characters from these worlds have lost their human shape in a way that causes discomforting alienation in the viewer, which is one of the absurd discoveries mentioned by Camus. Though many of Pärn’s characters are similar to the absurd man, only in one of the films are they able to free themselves from the rigid routine conclusively. However, none of the characters recognize the absurdity of the system around them: they either live under its hardship or those who free themselves resemble the absurd man only in their actions, not in their mentality, because they do not act upon a logical discussion. Distinctive to Pärn’s style, the unrestricted approach to reality aligns with Camus’s reluctance about the mindset that treats humans and everything else as if they had a definite place and purpose in the world. Priit Pärn’s films have many similarities with Albert Camus’ existentialism. Although juxtaposing them reveals that while Camus concentrates on a mentality on how to interpret and embrace the absurd, Pärn’s films focus on the absurd and the absurd systems themselves, along with describing the burdens they bring about. Additionally, often in Priit Pärn’s films, the oppressive plight of the characters remains persistent. In contrast, Camus ends his essay in faith that even in a world burdened with absurd one may be happy.

18

Jean Paul Sartre i Karl Rahner w egzystencjalnym sporze o naturę wolności

88%

Bańka A.

Studia Pastoralne

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2016

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vol. 12

220-244

EN

The first half of the eighties of the twentieth century is associated in history with the death of two great figures of contemporary philosophy and theology: Jean Paul Sartre – a leading representative of French existentialism and Karl Rahner – the author of transcendentally oriented existential theology. Both thinkers exerted a huge influence on the philosophical and theological reflection of their era. Taking as their starting point the necessity of the human freedom, they come to the different conclusions about the nature of man, the status of the subjectivity and the meaning of human destiny. Sartre joined the absurdity of freedom with nothingness and awe. Rahner saw in it a gift of hope and revelation of the Absolute. How could they come to such different conclusions? What made, that despite a similar starting point, their understanding of freedom is so different? This article reconstructs and compares the main lines of reasoning of both thinkers. It also attempts to answer, what is the reason of their different approach to the problem of freedom.

19

Étienne Gilson, Duns Scotus, and Actual Existence: Weighing the Charge of ‘Essentialism’

88%

Helms A. C.

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2017

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vol. 6

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issue 3

331-364

EN

Étienne Gilson juxtaposes what he calls Aquinas’s “existentialism” to what he calls Scotus’s “essentialism.” For Gilson, “existentialism” is philosophical truth, the only view compatible with an authentically Christian metaphysic, while “essentialism” is a Hellenic mistake that seduces Christian philosophers by appealing to the idolatrous desire to reduce reality to what is intelligible. In this paper, the author attempts to describe the difference between “essentialism” and “existentialism” as understood by Gilson. Then, he assesses the case for attributing “essentialism” to Scotus, based on an assessment of Scotus texts and secondary scholarship.

20

Máchowskie fascynacje i inspiracje Jana Čepa

87%

Seidel-Mączyńska A.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2011

|

issue 1

EN

Among various Čep’s literary fascinations, Karel Hynek Mácha retains an important place. The Romantic writer (Mácha) and the 20th century Catholic novelist (Čep) are connected mainly by the same conception of a man in his relationship with the world and God. They share the same approach towards the passing of time, which in turn seems to be the key to being and understanding existence. The fascination dedicated to Mácha’s writing seems to conceal the vision of poets and source of creation shared by both the authors. Art and artists take on a specific role, which results from the particular spiritual predispositions of the author and from his metaphysical anxiety, which has its roots in the perception of mystery surrounding humankind and the world.

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