Search results

1

Dialektyka imperializmu kapitalistycznego

100%

Ilkowski F.

Studia Politologiczne

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2016

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vol. 41

89-105

EN

The thesis of this article is dialectical nature of capitalist imperialism that finds expression in its contradictions, change and character of totality. Its subjects are the states sustained and created within the framework of capitalist social relations. The dynamics of competitive accumulation of capital penetrates inter-state rivalry in the global capitalism. The dialectics of capitalist imperialism is based on two key axes of contradictions: a specific form of inter-state rivalry and a class polarization within states.

2

Political and Economic Conditions in East Asia Under the Influece of the European Regime in the 16th–17th Century

100%

Mencel M.

Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość

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2019

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vol. XVI

97-118

EN

In the article, an attempt was made to identify the most important factors that contributed to the loss of dominant position of China in the South-East Asian region under the influence of the expansion of the European countries, which consisted inter alia of: competition – which revealed in the crushed medieval Europe; the scientific revolution, espe-cially in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry and biology, to the transition to a capitalist and a highly industrial economy; the development of the rule of law and representative government based on the law of private property, liberating modern methods of economy and economics; modern medicine allowing to increase the quality and length of life; the development of the consumer society – releasing tech-nological progress in order to meet the growing demand; a high level of work ethic – revealing by the increase in productivity and the accumula-tion of capital; the influence of cultural civilization of ancient Greece, Rome and Christianity – acting in all of the areas of the socio-political and economic Europe.

3

Mitologia pogranicza. Australia i Stany Zjednoczone Sygurda Wiśniowskiego

100%

Forajter W.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2016

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issue 1(17)

23-32

EN

The article discusses the concept of ‘borderland’ in selected works by Sygurd Wiśniowski: a 19th century Polish traveller who encountered the territorial and cultural expansion of the white settlers in Australia and North America. The author of the article aims to present both the specificity and the complexity of ‘borderland phenomenon’ as described by Wiśniowski. The author concentrates also on absent or omitted e lements in Wiśniowski’s discourse (which can be observed in his attitude towards the native inhabitants and women) and reveals Wiśniowski’s utopian ideas (such as equality of opportu nity).

4

Comparative Analysis of the Course of Business Cycles and Thermodynamic Cycles

100%

Włodarczyk J.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2011

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vol. 6

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issue 1

EN

Mainstream economics tends to perceive economic systems in a mechanistic way, which makes it impossible to grasp the notion of the irreversibility of real economic processes and thus encourages referring to the achievements of thermodynamics.Although economic equivalents of thermodynamic quantities have been discussed for more than a hundred years, a significant development of thermodynamic techniques of modeling economic phenomena, that could complement standard econometric methods, has not been observed.It seems that a comparative analysis of the course of thermodynamic and business cycles could enhance the understanding of the mechanisms underlying business cycles, especially in the context of mutual relations between economy and its environment.The aim of this article is to discuss some similarities and differences between economic and thermodynamic systems (heat engines and heat pumps). In particular, the problem of performing positive or negative work by an economy is considered and illustrated by the analysis of statistical data referring to the American and Polish economies.

5

K podobám a rolím letákové publicistiky 16. a 17. století věnované problematice vztahů mezi Turky a křesťany

86%

Hubková J.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 2

197-210

EN

This paper presents the relations between Christian Central Europe and the Islamic world (primarily represented by the Ottoman Empire), based on the testimonies of 16th and 17th century Czech and German pamphlets. A selection of these indicate the specific kinds of subjects, approaches, positions and functions involved in this journalism within the common sphere. For example, they include prints on military conflicts, the standpoints of Protestant theologians on Turkish expansion, extracts from important documents, descriptions of events, forecasts, prints on the conversions of Turks to Christianity and the instrumental usage of the Turkish threat in conflicts between Christian denominations.

6

Internacjonalizacja polskich przedsiębiorstw handlowych

72%

Maleszyk E.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2007

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vol. 218

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issue 9

79-98

EN

The paper examines the conditions that determine the internationalization of Poland’s retail companies and other businesses, and it also evaluates the scope and forms of this process. The author analyzes these issues on the basis of desk research, or studies that collate the findings of previously published data and evaluate them in new ways. Another method used by the author is direct research involving a selected group of major enterprises that either already operate on foreign markets or plan to expand abroad. The analysis made it possible to identify the most important motives behind the internationalization of business operations as well as the directions of expansion in terms of both geographical regions and individual business sectors. Maleszyk also describes the organizational forms of internationalization (such as foreign direct investment and various forms of cooperation and integration) as well as barriers to decision-making on business expansion and development. The analysis reveals that the process of internationalization applies to a limited group of companies and is at an early stage of development. To accelerate internationalization, it is necessary to strengthen the market position of Polish enterprises and more intensely promote Polish brand-name products abroad. Other priorities include expanding the system for providing investment advice and supporting institutions that promote entrepreneurship, as well as facilitate lending from banks.

7

Determinanty powstawania i motywy ekspansji polskich przedsiębiorstw wcześnie umiędzynarodowionych

72%

Kowalik I., Baranowska-Prokop E.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2013

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vol. 263

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issue 4

41-64

EN

The article aims to review the determinants of the emergence and expansion of early internationalizing firms in Poland. The authors present the results of an empirical study on this subject. The paper discusses the key theoretical concepts related to the early internationalization of enterprises. The authors also offer a classification of motives for foreign expansion. Based on a literature review, the authors describe the basic factors determining the establishment of early internationalizing firms – which are also known as born globals – including environmental and situational factors as well as the specific features of the firms’ founders. In the study, an empirical method based on group interviews was used, covering managers in 10 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from various industries. The interview transcripts were analyzed using the content analysis method based on a set of categories developed by the authors. The researchers found that a particularly important role in the emergence and expansion of early internationalizing firms in Poland is played by determinants related to the characteristics of these firms’ managers and their ability to use their previous experience in the context of opportunities available on foreign markets. Poland’s early internationalizing firms were mainly driven by proactive motives when expanding abroad, while reactive motives were treated as complementary. These findings are compatible with the results of research studies in other countries, the authors say, attesting to the similarity of internationalization processes among both Polish and foreign SMEs. However, this conclusion still needs to be confirmed by quantitative research, Kowalik and Baranowska-Prokop say.

PL

Celem artykułu jest dokonanie przeglądu determinant powstawania i motywów ekspansji przedsiębiorstw wcześnie umiędzynarodowionych (PWU) oraz przedstawienie wyników autorskiego badania empirycznego dotyczącego tej tematyki, przeprowadzonego w Polsce. W artykule zaprezentowano omówienie głównych koncepcji teoretycznych dotyczących wczesnej internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw oraz najważniejsze klasyfikacje motywów ekspansji zagranicznej. Na podstawie literatury przedmiotu scharakteryzowano też podstawowe determinanty tworzenia przedsiębiorstw wcześnie umiędzynarodowionych, obejmujące czynniki otoczenia, czynniki sytuacyjne oraz specyficzne cechy założycieli. W przedstawionym badaniu empirycznym wykorzystano metodę wywiadów indywidualnych w grupie menedżerów 10 małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw z różnych branż. Transkrypcje wywiadów przeanalizowano przy zastosowaniu analizy treści (content analysis), korzystając z opracowanego przez autorów zestawu kategorii. W powstawaniu badanych polskich PWU szczególnie istotną rolę odegrały determinanty związane z charakterystyką kierownictwa oraz umiejętnościami łączenia wcześniejszych doświadczeń z możliwościami istniejącymi na rynkach zagranicznych. Wśród motywów ekspansji zagranicznej najistotniejsze były tzw. proaktywne, natomiast motywy tzw. reaktywne traktowane były jako uzupełniające. Zgodność tych wyników z publikacjami zagranicznymi może świadczyć o podobieństwie procesów internacjonalizacji polskich i zagranicznych MŚP, co wymaga potwierdzenia w badaniach ilościowych.

8

Expansion as a Culture-Creating Principle of Post-Modernity: Semantic Contexts and Aesthetic Practices

72%

Marchenko O., Pushonkova O., Gladun O., Kolomiiets O., Protsyshyn V., Pianzin S.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2023

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vol. 14

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issue 2

57-77

EN

Aim. The purpose of the study is to analyse the structural aspects of expansion, which find expression in cultural metaphors and philosophical concepts, the transformation of the content of which is evidence of the emergence of new aesthetic practices. Methods. The research methodology involves the use of a systemic approach and such methods as analytical, comparative, axiological, and hermeneutic to understand the patterns of formation of paradigms of visual culture and contexts of expansion in postmodern culture. Results. The metaphor of glass during the 20th century loses its meaning as a source of the effects of refraction of reality in perception, the excessive complexity of which forms a tendency for simplifying and zeroing. The expansion becomes an important principle of cultural dynamics, extends to space and time, communication and identity in the world of the rapid circulation of information and its instant obsolescence. The patterns of expansion are observed in the processes of aestheticisation and aesthetic experience as the breaking out of form, perspective, perception and inclusion of the Self in the profound contexts of collective practices. Conclusions. Through mastering new sensual modalities in the photo, film reality, and the latest Internet technologies, there is an expansion of perception as an expansion of media. Therefore, at the level of identity the practices of focus, concentration, and slow contemplation gain importance. In the cultural aspect, the expansion enables a return to tradition in a new capacity.

9

Transfikcjonalność

61%

Marciniak P.

Forum Poetyki

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2015

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issue 2

102-107

EN

This article attempts to introduce and explain the concept of transfictionality. The scholarship in this area developed in francophone literary studies. The main reason for its formation appears to have been the need for a new concept that would develop and supplement the theory of intertextuality. In that theory’s collision with certain literary phenomena (though all domains of art can be taken into consideration here) the intellectual perspective exhausted itself and its tools ceased to be effective. The text focuses on the book Fictions transfuges by Richard Saint-Gelais, and attempts to sketch out and discuss such procedures as expansion, versions, crossings and incorporations. Not only the examples provided by the Canadian theorist, but also their substance and heft, are outlined. The author of this article has initiated the active use of a new terminological constellation in Polish literary studies.

PL

Artykuł jest próbą wprowadzenia i wyjaśnienia pojęcia transfikcjonalności. Badania w tej dziedzinie rozwinęły się w literaturoznawstwie francuskojęzycznym. Główną przyczyną ich zapoczątkowania wydaje się być potrzeba nowej koncepcji, która stanowiłaby rozwinięcie i uzupełnienie teorii międzystekstowych. W zderzeniu z niektórymi zjawiskami literackimi (brane pod uwagę mogą być wszelkie domeny sztuki) perspektywa intertekstualna wypaliła się – jej narzędzia przestały być efektywne. Tekst opiera się na książce Richarda Saint-Gelais, Fictions transfuges i w szkicowy sposób próbuje omówić takie zabiegi jak expansion (rozszerzanie), versions (wersje) czy croisement et annexions (skrzyżowania i przyłączenia). Przybliżona została nie tylko egzemplifikacja kanadyjskiego badacza. Autor artykułu aktywował nową siatkę terminologiczną na gruncie polskiej literatury.

10

Wsparcie sił pokojowych czy zamorska ekspansja? Chińska baza morska w Rogu Afryki

58%

Kubiak K.

Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka

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2018

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issue 3

177-192

EN

During the last two decades the People’s Republic of China has been extensively developing its naval forces. The fleet characteristic for the Mao Zedong era – which consists of very numerous, but de facto deprived of serious combat capabilities, small ships and craft, has definitely become a thing of the past, as well as the strategic concept that the navy will lead a „people war” on coastal waters. Currently, the Middle Kingdom is evidently building an „anti-access fleet” whose main task is to deprive the potential opponent (US Navy is being deployed) of the possibility of effective operation in the northwestern part of the Pacific (primarily within the so-called „first chain of islands” from the northern Borneo, through Taiwan and Okinawa, to the southern island of Japanese „mainland”, or Kyushu). In addition to expanding its naval forces, Beijing is not limited to the waters adjacent to the Chinese coasts. In January 2009, Beijing, making great use of the pretext of threats posed to Chinese ships and sailors by Somali pirates, began maintaining a team of ships in the western Indian Ocean. The Middle Kingdom decided to take a substantially different course: in January 2016 it was announced that China would build an „installation of logistic support” in Djibouti. The paper discusses a wide spectrum of consequences of this decision.

PL

Chińska Republika Ludowa od co najmniej dwóch dziesięcioleci intensywnie rozwija swoje siły morskie. Charakterystyczny dla epoki Mao Zedonga obraz floty składającej się z bardzo licznych, ale de facto pozbawionych większych możliwości bojowych zespołów lekkich okrętów odszedł zdecydowanie w przeszłość, podobnie jak strategiczna koncepcja zakładająca prowadzenie przez marynarkę „wojny ludowej” na wodach przybrzeżnych. Obecnie Państwo Środka buduje ewidentnie „flotę antydostępową”, której zasadniczym zadaniem jest odebranie potencjalnemu przeciwnikowi (w tej roli obsadzana jest US Navy) możliwości skutecznego działania w północno-zachodniej części Pacyfiku, przede wszystkim w obrębie „pierwszego łańcucha wysp” (od północnego Borneo, przez Tajwan i Okinawę, do południowej wyspy japońskiego „mainlandu”, czyli Kiusiu). Rozbudowując swoje siły morskie, Pekin nie ogranicza się bynajmniej do wód przylegających do chińskich wybrzeży. W styczniu 2009 r., nader udatnie wykorzystując pretekst zagrożenia stwarzanego dla chińskich statków przez piratów somalijskich, Pekin rozpoczął utrzymywanie zespołu okrętów w zachodniej części Oceanu Indyjskiego. Państwo Środka zdecydowało się więc na przyjęcie zasadniczo innego kursu – w styczniu 2016 r. ogłoszono, że Chiny zbudują „instalację wsparcia logistycznego” w Dżibuti. Tekst omawia szerokie spectrum następstw tej decyzji.

11

Minimalizowanie ryzyka inwestowania w kontrakty terminowe futures - praktyczne zastosowanie formacji harmonicznej Butterfly

51%

Bednarz K.

Roczniki Ekonomii i Zarządzania

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2014

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vol. 6(42)

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issue 1

71-91

EN

Investment risk (including futures contracts) depends on changes in financial instrument valuation (volatility). However it more concerns individual predisposition of a person taking investment decisions. It is an investor who decides what amount he can risk. While a technical analysis often shows the right time of concluding the transaction. In this article the author presents such a moment in the form of PRZ (Potential Reversal Zone). This moment is calculated by the Butterfly harmonic pattern, which is described by important Fibonacci ratios. The article includes charts showing the futures quotations and summary data tables containing the value of the stop-loss order, which prevents the loss and protects profits. The essence of all the XABCD harmonic patterns (including the presented Butterfly pattern) is to calculate the right moment to initiate transaction as many days (sometimes weeks or months) as possible before such a moment appears. This moment is the point D, which is calculated using external and internal price retracements. From the placed charts and calculations it appears that the described structure is characterized by very high profitability (e.g. 492,31 % in 34 days on the market) at a certain acceptable, relatively low level of risk.

Refine search results

Dialektyka imperializmu kapitalistycznego

Political and Economic Conditions in East Asia Under the Influece of the European Regime in the 16th–17th Century

Mitologia pogranicza. Australia i Stany Zjednoczone Sygurda Wiśniowskiego

Comparative Analysis of the Course of Business Cycles and Thermodynamic Cycles

K podobám a rolím letákové publicistiky 16. a 17. století věnované problematice vztahů mezi Turky a křesťany

Internacjonalizacja polskich przedsiębiorstw handlowych

Determinanty powstawania i motywy ekspansji polskich przedsiębiorstw wcześnie umiędzynarodowionych

Expansion as a Culture-Creating Principle of Post-Modernity: Semantic Contexts and Aesthetic Practices

Transfikcjonalność

Wsparcie sił pokojowych czy zamorska ekspansja? Chińska baza morska w Rogu Afryki

Minimalizowanie ryzyka inwestowania w kontrakty terminowe futures - praktyczne zastosowanie formacji harmonicznej Butterfly