Search results

1

Police Dogs of the Polish Police in the Eyes of Experts

100%

Gąsiorowski M.

Internal Security

|

2019

|

vol. 11(2)

191-199

EN

The article discusses issues related to the effectiveness of the use of police dogs in the Police in Poland on the basis of research conducted on a representative group of police experts all over the country. The research questionnaire was completed by police officers who perform their daily duties in the field of police cynology — coordinators in the uniformed departments of the Regional Police Headquarters competent for the implementation of tasks related to the use and maintenance of police dogs in the uniformed branch and experts in osmological research in forensic laboratories of Regional Police Headquarters. The author describes the issues in regard to alarming statistical data, which show a significant decrease in the number of police dogs at the disposal of the Polish Police. The research was based on a research hypothesis, in which it was assumed that police dogs in today’s Polish Police are misused in the activities for public safety and order. In the author’s opinion, the necessary regulations should aim at adapting new systemic and organisational and legal solutions in order to make the best and most effective use of police dogs in the work of the Polish Police.

2

Zasada prawdy obiektywnej w administracyjnym postępowaniu dowodowym

88%

Muzyczka K.

Civitas et Lex

|

2016

|

issue 3(11)

40-45

EN

Public administration bodiesare obliged to take all the steps required for a accurate explanation of the facts. According to the concertization of the principle of objective truth, the public authority is obliged to exhaustively collect and consider all the evidence.

3

Ecological and Judicial Expertise in Criminal Proceedings Against the Environment in Russia

88%

Solodov I.

Internal Security

|

2019

|

vol. 11(2)

75-83

EN

Environmental expertise plays a special role in the course of the investigation of environmental crimes. Its main task is to recreate the mechanism of the incident, established the causation link, as well as determine the scale the negative impact on the environment and the measures to restore its original state. The author discusses the current practice of the environmental expertise in the Russian Federation. In Russia the experts from the state or private laboratories can be appointed to assist the investigator and the court in performing their tasks. The problem is that there is no commonly accepted expert methodology in a case of environmental offences. While the state experts can be expected to apply the standardised methodology approved by the Russian Centre of Forensic Expertise in Moscow, their colleges from the private sector are free to use any methods they consider as appropriate depending on the circumstances of the case. Unfortunately, in Russia, as well as in Poland, there are no effective control mechanisms to ensure that the methods applied and the data used by the experts are scientifically valid. It means that the obtained results are no always reliable and accurate. Another problem referred to the difficulties of the damage assessment in such cases. The dynamics of the environment, the complicity of the relations between its elements makes it extremely hard to assess the scale of the negative impact, as well as to establish the causation link between the human’s actions or negligence and observed changes.

4

Prywatna opinia biegłego na tle pozycji konsultanta technicznego strony we włoskim procesie karnym

88%

Smarzewski M.

Forum Prawnicze

|

2020

|

issue 1 (57)

58–71

EN

The paper considers issues referring to the institution of private expert opinion in criminal proceedings in the context of the possibility of its evidentiary use in it. The author paid attention to the objectively negligible value of the analyzed evidence, which is closely related with its kind of detachment from the source from which it comes, including limited possibilities to verify such evidence. Authors of private expert opinions do not formally participate in the proceedings. For these reasons, the article presents the institution of the technical consultant of the party functioning on the basis of the Italian criminal procedure, arguing that the introduction of such an entity to the category of participants of the Polish criminal process could be a remedy for problems and controversies related to the participation of experts supporting the parties. By this, parties and their representatives could have more realistic impact on the content of the findings in terms of circumstances, the settlement of which requires special knowledge.

5

"Dokážu varovat před všemi statisticky možnými klimatickými extrémy, ale kdo mě bude varovat před sebou samým?": prvky klimaskepticismu v expertní prezentaci klimatické změny v médiích

88%

Mikešová R.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

|

2023

|

vol. 59

|

issue 5

535-552

EN

The Czech Republic is among the countries in Europe with a relatively more sceptical view of climate change, especially when it comes to opinions about human responsibility for climate change and the need for individual measures to mitigate its impacts. This article focuses on a relatively less noticed aspect of climate-sceptic opinions in the presentation of this issue in the Czech media, namely doubts about the scientific knowledge on climate change expressed by scientists themselves. It is based on two basic observations. First, scientists and experts play a key role in the presentation of climate change. Second, highlighting the inconsistency of scientific reasoning and the uncertainty of science is one of the basic strategies of the climate-sceptic movement. The aim of this paper is to analyse the media coverage of two important Czech experts on climate change - Václav Cílek and Jan Pretel - and to determine whether they communicate the scientific uncertainty on this subject. The analysis shows a considerable number of doubts of various kinds in the articles of both of the two experts, which may have to do with the Czech public's circumspect attitude towards climate change and the slow change in their view of it.

6

CRIMINOLOGICAL AND PENAL ASPECTS OF ISSUING A FALSE OPINION BY AN EXPERT WITNESS - DRAFT REPORT ON RESEARCH PROJECT WITH PROPOSALS FOR CHANGES IN THE LAW DETERMINING THE LEGAL STATUS OF EXPERT WITNESSES

75%

JÓŹWICKI K.

Przegląd Policyjny

|

2019

|

vol. 136(4)

360-375

EN

Evidence in the form of an expert opinion is usually of key importance for settling a pending case in any type of proceedings. In some cases, the role of the expert witness is closer to that of a judge rather than that of a witness, since a judge who does not have special knowledge often has to use evidence given by an expert to render a judgement. For this reason, issuing a false expert opinion results in a very high risk of delivering a wrong and unfair decision in a given case, which in turn has a negative impact on the social perception of the functioning of the justice system. In the Polish Criminal Code, criminal responsibility for issuing a false opinion is stipulated in Article 233 (4) and (4a) of the Penal Code. At the same time, despite a very large number of reports of suspicion that a crime has been committed by an expert witness, only a negligible number of investigations result in a bill of indictment and a conviction, which causes virtual impunity of perpetrators and has a negative impact on the functioning of criminal justice. Due to the diagnosed research gap in this area, the need to investigate and describe the phenomenon of issuing false opinions by expert witnesses, both in normative and criminological terms, on the basis of empirical research, has been clearly seen. The main objective of the research has been to characterise the phenomenon in question on many levels and to determine its real extent, its etiology and symptomatology. An additional aim of the research has been the verifi cation of research hypotheses and recognition of the normative sphere of the expert witness’s status, expert evidence, and principles of responsibility for issuing false opinions. The research fi ndings have resulted in proposals of solutions aimed both at limiting the phenomenon of issuing false opinions and more effective prosecution of perpetrators of crimes under Article 233 (4) of the Penal Code, which in turn may translate into more effi cient functioning of the entire justice system, as expert witnesses and their work are an extremely important aspect of thereof. The conducted research has fully confi rmed the research hypotheses and precisely indicated defective areas of expert evidence, and consequently the need to introduce immediate legislative changes. Some of the research conclusions and de lege ferenda postulates were implemented into the amended provisions of the Penal Code in 2016, which fully confi rms their legitimacy. Unfortunately, there is still no legal act of statutory rank which would comprehensively regulate the status of expert witnesses and expert evidence.

7

An Exploratory Study about the Wine Tasting Terminology of Non-Expert Wine Drinkers

75%

Barbosa S.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

|

2021

|

issue 13

15-30

EN

Wine is a well-known product and is part of human heritage and culture. However, studies indicate that many consumers do not understand the terminology used by wine experts. To understand if and how this applies to European Portuguese (EP), we asked two questions: (i) are non-experts aware of what certain wine descriptors mean when they read them on labels or in magazines?; (ii) what is the degree of proximity of non-expert definitions to expert definitions? We surveyed a group of speakers. Firstly, we asked for: “Define, in your own words, what you understand by [insert wine descriptor].” to see how informants defined in their own words what they understood by a given wine descriptor in a specific context related to wine. Secondly, we searched for the exact wine descriptor in specialized reference works and compiled the definitions presented in those works. The results of this sample allowed us to answer our questions with interesting facts about EP reality and what the non-expert consumer understand about wine descriptors, while providing us with clues to improve definitions in resources design to help non-expert consumers to better understand the wine domain and experts to express more clearly what they what to convey.

8

Biegły jako asesor w procesie skróconym przed biskupem

75%

Dappa R.

Annales Canonici

|

2020

|

vol. 16

|

issue 2

7-19

EN

Considering cases for marriage nullity in virtue of inability described in can.1095 CIC, in the briefer process, still raises many doubts. They are connected, first of all, with a topic of court experts. The present article is a proposition of a practical solution to that issue consisting in a possibility of assigning a court expert to assessor.For this purpose, rules of law concerning court experts as well as the office of assessor in a canonical process had been analyzed in detail.

PL

Rozpatrywanie spraw o nieważność małżeństwa z tytułu niezdolności, o której w kan. 1095 KPK, w procesie skróconym wciąż budzi wiele wątpliwości. Są one związane przede wszystkim z tematem biegłych sądowych. Niniejszy artykuł jest propozycją praktycznego rozwiązania tej kwestii, polegającą na możliwości ustanowienia biegłego sądowego asesorem. W tym celu szczegółowej analizie zostały poddane przepisy prawne dotyczące biegłych sądowych oraz urzędu asesora w procesie kanonicznym.

9

FRANCISZEK CEMKA – A FRIEND AND ADVOCATE OF MUSEOLOGY

75%

Jaśczak R.

Muzealnictwo

|

2019

|

vol. 60

39-41

EN

On 12 October 2018, Jan Franciszek Cemka passed away. Born in Tuchola in 1946, he was an archaeologist, graduate from the Department of Philosophy and History of the University of Lodz, an expert on museology, a civil servant, Director of the Museum Department, and later of the Department of National Heritage at the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, a Minister’s adviser, mentor of young administration officials. Resorting to his expertise, Director Franciszek Cemka actively participated in the transformation processes of Polish museology, e.g. he coordinated the implementation of the Archaeological Photo of Poland Project; as an expert, he coauthored the Act on Museums of 1996; he also contributed to organizing the International Auschwitz Council. As the head of the Ministry Department for Museums in Poland, he actively participated in numerous bodies related to this sphere of culture. Moreover, he authored many papers on museology published in professional periodicals. For his longstanding work and civil service, Franciszek Cemka was given many state and professional decorations.

10

Udział biegłego w postępowaniu egzekucyjnym w sytuacji określonej w art . 853 k.p.c.– zagadnienia wybrane w ujęciu historycznym

66%

Dziewulska M.

Studia Prawnicze

|

2016

|

issue 4 (208)

117-128

EN

The author explains the institution of a court expert in enforcement proceedings, describing problems in historical perspective, primarily referring to the regulations contained in the Code of Civil Procedure of 1932. Particular attention is given to the regulations contained in Article 853 of the current Code of Civil Procedure, by submitting proposals under at the legislature for the introduction of the obligation probable allegations made in the complaint to estimate the movables of the debtor or creditor as well as the need for the appointment of an expert by a bailiff if the bailiff does not have knowledge in a particular field and can not independently make estimates.

11

Using graphic productions for identification purposes, and psychological and pedagogical diagnosis

63%

Zieniewicz I.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

|

2016

|

vol. 42

117-129

EN

The problem raised is important inasmuch as drawing conclusions from handwriting may, in many cases, determine aperson’s fate, which does not only involve opinion making in criminal or civil cases, but also those related to applying arelevant therapy to aperson with mental function disorders, or psychiatric and neurological disorders; to proper guidance on achild’s school career or anadult person’s professional career development; to apossibility of undertaking aparticular action, etc. It shall also be highlighted that the following reflections present Polish realities with regard to the raised problems, and they also show some controversies which arise with regard to the selected cognitive methods. The present publication is primarily addressed to practitioners, i.e. persons who – for their professional reasons – hire handwriting experts, and evaluate the opinions issued by such experts, meaning the broadly understood judicial bodies. It can also serve as a teaching aid for students attending forensic, criminal or civil procedure courses.

12

Selected issues in handwriting examination, graphology and their technology in document examination

63%

Cieśla R., Grębowiec-Baffoni J.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

|

2017

|

vol. 45

63-80

EN

This article aims at introducing the complex nature of handwriting examination for judicial purposes and the resulting competences which ahandwriting expert must have. The knowledge of neurophysiological conditioning of handwriting strokes, together with the knowledge of inks, their physical and chemical reactions with surfaces on which handwriting is applied, techniques allowing their observation and acquiring clear enlarged photographic images are indispensable for acorrect expert examination, explanation of how the conclusions were arrived at and illustrating the results. Appropriate selection of techniques of acquiring images requires not only the knowledge of optical and lighting equipment but also practical skills in its appropriate use. Thus, handwriting examination combines the knowledge from various areas: neurophysiology of movement, psychology of handwriting, chemistry, physics and use of optical equipment, which together guarantee objective and reliable examination yielding correct results.

13

Employer branding w IT

63%

Nazdrowicz J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula

|

2015

|

issue 44(6) Ekonomia IX. Kształtowanie wizerunku pracodawcy

165-179

PL

Idea employer branding,znana już od kilku lat, rozwija się w bardzo dynamicznym tempie. Jest to nowy sposób na zwiększenie w firmach liczby i jakości specjalistów oraz efektywniejszą ich selekcję. Ten proces jest szczególnie ważny w firmach z branży IT lub firmach posiadających w swoich strukturach rozbudowany obszar IT. Istnieje wiele instytucji, w których jakość kadry IT bezpośrednio wpływa na jakość i dostępność usług elektronicznych klientom. W artykule zaprezentowano, jak wygląda proces employer brandingw banku komercyjnym z silną orientacją na usługi dostępne przez Internet. W takiej organizacji proces employer brandingma charakter wielowymiarowy poprzez prezentowanie swoich atrybutów, poczynając od spraw związanych z HR, na detalach w obszarze IT skończywszy. W praktycznym wymiarze artykuł prezentuje organizacyjne aspekty IT w banku i jak ważną rolę ono pełni, a także jak wygląda przykładowa struktura organizacyjna. Ta wiedza może być niezwykle przydatna w rozwoju employer brandingi poszukiwaniu możliwości budowania swojej pozycji eksperckiej w społeczności IT na zewnątrz organizacji.

EN

The idea of employer branding, already known for a couple of years, has been developing at a very dynamic rate. It is a new way to increase in companies the number and quality of specialists and a more effective selection thereof. This process is particularly important in companies from the IT branch or in firms having in their structures a developed area of IT. There are many institutions where the IT staff quality directly affects the quality and accessibility of electronic services provided for customers. In his article, the author presented how the process of employer branding looked like at a commercial bank with a strong orientation on the services accessible via the Internet. In such an organisation, the process of employer branding is of the many-sided nature through the presentation of its attributes, starting from the matters related to HR and on details in the IT area ending. In the practical dimension, the article presents the organisational aspects of IT at the bank and how important role it plays as well as how the xemplary organisational structure looks like. This knowledge may be extremely useful in employer branding development and in search for the opportunities to build one’s expert position in the IT community outside the organisation.

14

Sources of Uncertainty in Formulation of the Cognitive Scenarios for Development of Water Management

63%

WALCZYKIEWICZ T., DUBEL A., Paradowska M., Platje J. J., Graczyk A. M., Graczyk A.

Economic and Environmental Studies

|

2017

|

vol. 17

|

issue 43

539-554

EN

Uncertainty is a frequent obstacle in decision making process, therefore understanding its sources might facilitate this process and increase its effectiveness. The objective of the paper is to identify the sources of uncertainty in planning in water management, which have been revealed and identified by carrying out the process of developing cognitive scenarios in the Klimat project (POIG.01.03.01-14-011/08). The paper discusses scenarios for development of water management and the development process thereof in the Klimat project. Selection of literature is presented, showcasing other projects in which scenario analyses of this type from around the world have been performed. A method of formulating development scenarios in water economy is presented, along with its results, which reveal the sources of uncertainties in water management planning.

PL

Niepewność jest często przeszkodą w procesie podejmowania decyzji, stąd poznanie jej źródeł może ułatwić ten proces i zwiększyć jego skuteczność. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja źródeł niepewności w planowaniu w gospodarce wodnej, które zostały ujawnione dzięki przeprowadzeniu procesu tworzenia scenariuszy poznawczych w projekcie Klimat (POIG.01.03.01-14-011/08). W artykule omówiono scenariusze rozwoju gospodarki wodnej i proces ich tworzenia w projekcie Klimat. Przedstawiono przegląd literatury ukazujący inne projekty, w których przeprowadzono analizy scenariuszowe tego typu na świecie. Przedstawiono metodę formułowania scenariuszy rozwoju gospodarki wodnej oraz jej wyniki, które ujawniają źródła niepewności w planowaniu w gospodarce wodnej.

15

Identyfikacja krytycznych czynników sukcesu w zagospodarowaniu majątku likwidowanych kopalń węgla kamiennego

63%

Sorychta-Wojsczyk B.

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

|

2010

|

vol. nr 1

93-107

PL

W artykule przedstawiono procedurę, na podstawie której dokonano identyfikacji krytycznych czynników sukcesu w zagospodarowaniu majątku likwidowanych kopalń węgla kamiennego. Identyfikacji czynników decydujących o skuteczności zagospodarowania majątku dokonano opierając się na przeprowadzonych badaniach ankietowych na grupie eksperckiej, którą stanowili pracownicy wybranych gmin górniczych oraz wybranych spółek węglowych. Klasyfikacja czynników przeprowadzona została z wykorzystaniem metody względnej ważności obiektów.

EN

In the article represented the procedure on the ground whose one fulfilled the identification of critical factors of the success in the development of liquidated collieries' property. The identification of the factors which determined effective development of liquidated collieries' property basing on effectings inquiry research on the expert group which they determined workers of chosen communes of mining- and chosen coal-companies. The classification of factors effected became with the utilization of the method of the relative importance of objects.

16

“I’ll google it.”: Using an Online Dictionary for Conducting Repair during Pair and Group Work Activities in Upper-Secondary EFL Classrooms

63%

Červenková A.

Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

|

2021

|

vol. 12

|

issue 2

43-58

EN

Pair and group work activities break the traditional teacher-centred structures of interaction and partly transfer the control of the teacher to the students, who are provided with more freedom in turn-taking and the management of activities. In the study of how students learn the target language, pair and group work repair sequences are particularly important in order to understand how the participants repair the breakdowns in communication and what processes for acquiring a foreign language they use. This study explores the different ways that students conduct conversational repair, i.e. negotiation of meaning, during pair and group work. Specifically, focusing on the sequences when a dictionary was consulted, this conversation-analytic study examines how the students incorporate the dictionary in those sequences and how its possible presence might influence the roles of experts and novices in the interaction, which gives insight into the epistemic dynamics in learner–learner interactions. The data used for this study consist of carefully synchronized audio and video recordings of students from five different Czech upper-secondary schools in their final year of studies during three to five consecutive EFL lessons. One of the central findings is that the students often try to conduct the repair through different means and the dictionary is used later in the interaction, which could indicate that the use of a dictionary is viewed as a last resort to check the meaning with the dictionary entry, as well as a tool to strengthen and/or weaken the epistemic roles of the participants.

17

Professors of martial arts. Holders of this title in martial arts science

63%

Sieber L., Pawelec P.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

|

2016

|

vol. 16

|

issue 3

15-26

EN

Background. The following text is a reflection on martial arts masters holding the title Professor and written from the point of view of the Humanistic Theory of Martial Arts and the Anthropology of Martial Arts. Objectives and Aims. This paper is concerned with the area of “martial arts science” or the “science of martial arts” and of being an expert in this field, particularly when the expert is styled “Professor”. The following questions were considered and analysed: How should the experts be evaluated and chosen, and how should the highest titles be awarded? According to what criteria? Who are the specialists, the holders of the title Professor currently operating in the field of science and martial arts? Method. Content analysis and an analysis of discourse were used. The sources of knowledge included: subject literature, popular publications and observation of participants in scientific and martial arts circles by the authors of this paper. To be considered a martial arts expert, the following evaluation criteria were adopted: 1) speciality/specialisation and achievements (both scientific and in popularising martial arts); 2) academic degrees and titles; 3) martial arts degrees and titles; 4) scientific position (organising regular events, having a role in international organizations, editing specialist magazines); and 5) awards and decorations. The analysis was restricted to people currently active in both environments. Results. The paper analyses the cases of contemporary, active experts who have been honoured with the title of Professor, as outstanding practitioner-masters of martial arts. In this group there are only a few people who hold both the position, and academic title Professor. Most academic martial arts researchers work in the field of sport science. Conclusions. Only two Europeans meet the criteria of holding both the highest degrees of a master while at the same time being Professors of sports science. Seven Europeans have been awarded the title Professor of martial arts and they are all working to develop the institutional side of the science and history of martial arts.

PL

Perspektywa teoretyczna. Szeroką perspektywę dla refleksji o mistrzach sztuk walk i jednocześnie profesorach, specjalistach w dziedzinie sztuk walki, daje Humanistyczna Teoria Sztuk Walki oraz antropologia sztuk walki. Podjęte kwestie mogą być interesujące także dla socjologii nauki. Problem i cel. Rzecz dotyczy obszaru zwanego „martial arts science” lub „science of martial arts”, bycia ekspertem w tej dziedzinie, a zwłaszcza tytularnym profesorem. Próbowano udzielić odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: Jak oceniać i ustalać ekspertów, i jak przyznawać najwyższe tytuły? Według jakich kryteriów? Kim są specjaliści - posiadacze tytułu profesora aktualnie funkcjonujący w nauce i w środowisku sztuk walki? Metoda. Zastosowano analizę treści wypowiedzi i szeroką analizę dyskursu. Źródłem wiedzy były: literatura przedmiotu, publikacje popularyzatorskie i obserwacja uczestnicząca autorów w środowiskach naukowym i sztuk walki. Przyjęto następujące kryteria oceny potencjalnego kandydata na eksperta sztuk walki: 1) specjalności/specjalizacje i dorobek (naukowy, popularyzatorski); 2) stopnie i tytuły naukowe; 3) stopnie i tytuły w sztukach walki; 4) pozycja naukowa (organizacja cyklicznych imprez, funkcje w międzynarodowych organizacjach, redagowanie specjalistycznego czasopisma); 5) wyróżnienia, odznaczenia. Analizę ograniczono do osób obecnie działających w obydwu środowiskach. Wyniki. Opisano przypadki aktywnych dziś ekspertów, którzy zostali uhonorowani przez środowisko tytułem profesora, jako wybitni praktycy – mistrzowie sztuk walki. Są w tym gronie nieliczne osoby posiadające akademicki tytuł profesora. Większość akademickich badaczy sztuk walki działa w zakresie nauk o kulturze fizycznej / nauk o sporcie. Wnioski. Jedynie dwie osoby z Europy spełniły kryterium posiadania najwyższych stopni mistrzowskich i jednocześnie tytułu profesorskiego z nauk o sporcie. Siedmiu osobom z Europy został przyznany tytuł profesora sztuk walki na zasadach podobnych jak w sztuce. Wymienione w studium osoby współtworzą instytucjonalną stronę nauki o sztukach walki i historii sztuk walki.

18

Kilka refleksji na kanwie rozważań zamieszczonych w książce pt. Pozycja biegłego w polskim systemie prawnym, pod red. B. Lewandowskiego, Warszawa 2016

63%

Żbikowska M.

Acta Iuris Stetinensis

|

2017

|

issue 20

PL

Niniejszy szkic prezentuje kilka refleksji dotyczących opinii biegłego w polskim procesie karnym. Inspiracją dla poczynionej analizy stały się rozważania zamieszczone w monografii pt. Pozycja biegłego w polskim systemie prawnym, red. B. Lewandowski, Warszawa 2016. W zaprezentowanym szkicu zwrócono uwagę na pewne ogólne problemy związane z opinią biegłego, do których można zaliczyć kwestię specyfiki opinii biegłego w porównaniu do innych osobowych środków dowodowych. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na takie zagadnienia, jak to, czym jest opinia biegłego, jakich faktów ona dotyczy, czym się ona charakteryzuje, a także, jakie mogą być popełniane błędy w opiniach biegłych. Całość rozważań doprowadziła do konkluzji, że problematyka wielu zagadnień o charakterze podstawowym, a dotyczących opinii biegłego, pozostaje wciąż otwarta oraz warta pogłębionych rozważań.

EN

The article presents a few reflections on the expert opinion in the Polish criminal process. The article describes some general problems related to the expert’s opinion including the question of the specifics of the expert’s opinion in comparison to other evidence, what is the expert’s opinion, what facts it concerns, what errors can be found in expert opinions. All the considerations led to the conclusion that many problems issues of a basic nature and concerning expert opinions remain open and worth considering.

19

System biegłych sądowych w sprawach cywilnych we Francji

63%

Rylski P.

Prawo w Działaniu

|

2022

|

issue 50

90-111

EN

The aim of the study is to present the principles of the functioning of the system of court experts in France in relation to civil proceedings. The article discusses the systemic status of experts, the mechanism of appointing experts in civil proceedings and the role of the parties at this stage. The procedural possibilities of the parties’ participation in the preparation of the expert opinion as well as the possibilities of its assessment and questioning were also presented. The method of financing expert opinions and awarding remuneration to experts was indicated. The rules for entering experts on the list of experts in France and the importance of this list for the system of appointing experts in this country were discussed in detail. The issue of advance payments by the parties for the remuneration of experts and the final method of their settlement was also presented. Attention was also drawn to the method of supervision over experts and the possibilities of disciplinary actions against them. The conclusions indicated those French regulations that could be used in other legal systems, including the one in Poland.

PL

Opracowanie ma na celu przybliżenie zasad funkcjonowania systemu biegłych sądowych we Francji, zwłaszcza w postępowaniach cywilnych. W ramach artykułu omówiono ustrojowy status biegłych, mechanizm powoływania biegłych w postępowaniu cywilnym i rolę stron na tym etapie. Przedstawiono także procesowe możliwości udziału stron w przygotowaniu opinii przez biegłego oraz jej ocenę i kwestionowanie. W szczegółowy sposób ukazano zasady sporządzania listy biegłych we Francji i znaczenie tej listy dla systemu powoływania biegłych w tym kraju. Nakreślono też kwestę uiszczania przez strony zaliczek na wynagrodzenie biegłych oraz ostateczny sposób ich rozliczania. Autor artykułu omawia ponadto nadzór nad biegłymi, a także możliwości ich dyscyplinowania. W konkluzjach wskazuje na te z francuskich uregulowań, które mogłyby być wykorzystane w innych systemach prawnych, w tym w Polsce.

20

Biegli i specjaliści w postępowaniu kontrolnym NIK – perspektywa zmian - analiza porównawcza

63%

Czarnow S.

Kontrola Państwowa

|

2023

|

vol. 68

|

issue 3 (410)

26-44

EN

The changes in the performance of public tasks that are subject to NIK’s audits that call for using advanced technologies, require NIK to more often use the knowledge of experts and specialists. Experts do not establish facts or status quo, but assess them through the prism of specialist information, while specialists support auditors in determining facts. However, the border between assessing facts and determining them on the basis of specialist knowledge is unclear. In practice, the application of the provisions on experts and specialists comprised in the Act of 23rd December 1994 on the Supreme Audit Office raises many doubts. They are mainly related to the mixed course of appointment, and the entities that can be entrusted with these functions. The article aims to analyse the regulations dedicated to experts and specialists in NIK audits in comparison with other procedures. The intention is to delineate suggested directions for changes. The author concludes that there is the need for a serious and thorough reform of the provisions of the Act on NIK related to experts and specialists. He emphasises that – since NIK audits mainly public authorities or administration bodies – these functions should be mostly their responsibility. It would be justified then to allow the staff of public institutions to act as experts or specialists on the basis of a decision (without concluding a contract) or, alternatively, on the basis of an agreement between NIK and the given entity. It would be also reasonable to allow legal entities and organisational units (or natural persons representing them) to act as experts during audit proceedings. In the opinion of the author, there are also arguments for establishing a mechanism to discipline experts (specialists) so that the decision on when to commence the task is not an exclusively at their discretion. The job of experts and specialists in the audit process should be of a public law nature. Amendments are also necessary for the provisions on excluding experts (specialists) from audit proceedings. The current provisions do not meet the specifics of NIK’s audits, since exclusion is possible only when the auditee applies for it. And auditees are informed neither about the appointment of experts or specialists nor about their activities. Since inquisitional elements prevail in the audit process, the need for engaging experts (specialists) ex officio is justified, since the body that appoints them usually finds out about the reasons for excluding them first.

PL

Najwyższa Izba Kontroli coraz częściej korzysta z pomocy biegłych i specjalistów. Tymczasem stosowanie poświęconych im regulacji zawartych w ustawie o NIK w praktyce sprawia trudności. Wątpliwości budzi tryb ich powoływania, ponieważ ustawa pozostawia dużą swobodę. Dotyczy ona także ustalania wynagrodzenia. Może to prowadzić do nadmiernego wzrostu cen oraz wydłużania negocjacji. Wymóg zawarcia umowy powoduje ponadto, że w istocie to biegły (specjalista) decyduje, czy podejmie się czynności. Dysfunkcjonalne są również rozwiązania o ich wyłączeniu. Wskazana byłaby więc poważna reforma przepisów.

Refine search results

Police Dogs of the Polish Police in the Eyes of Experts

Zasada prawdy obiektywnej w administracyjnym postępowaniu dowodowym

Ecological and Judicial Expertise in Criminal Proceedings Against the Environment in Russia

Prywatna opinia biegłego na tle pozycji konsultanta technicznego strony we włoskim procesie karnym

"Dokážu varovat před všemi statisticky možnými klimatickými extrémy, ale kdo mě bude varovat před sebou samým?": prvky klimaskepticismu v expertní prezentaci klimatické změny v médiích

CRIMINOLOGICAL AND PENAL ASPECTS OF ISSUING A FALSE OPINION BY AN EXPERT WITNESS - DRAFT REPORT ON RESEARCH PROJECT WITH PROPOSALS FOR CHANGES IN THE LAW DETERMINING THE LEGAL STATUS OF EXPERT WITNESSES

An Exploratory Study about the Wine Tasting Terminology of Non-Expert Wine Drinkers

Biegły jako asesor w procesie skróconym przed biskupem

FRANCISZEK CEMKA – A FRIEND AND ADVOCATE OF MUSEOLOGY

Udział biegłego w postępowaniu egzekucyjnym w sytuacji określonej w art . 853 k.p.c.– zagadnienia wybrane w ujęciu historycznym

Using graphic productions for identification purposes, and psychological and pedagogical diagnosis

Selected issues in handwriting examination, graphology and their technology in document examination

Employer branding w IT

Sources of Uncertainty in Formulation of the Cognitive Scenarios for Development of Water Management

Identyfikacja krytycznych czynników sukcesu w zagospodarowaniu majątku likwidowanych kopalń węgla kamiennego

“I’ll google it.”: Using an Online Dictionary for Conducting Repair during Pair and Group Work Activities in Upper-Secondary EFL Classrooms

Professors of martial arts. Holders of this title in martial arts science

Kilka refleksji na kanwie rozważań zamieszczonych w książce pt. Pozycja biegłego w polskim systemie prawnym, pod red. B. Lewandowskiego, Warszawa 2016

System biegłych sądowych w sprawach cywilnych we Francji

Biegli i specjaliści w postępowaniu kontrolnym NIK – perspektywa zmian - analiza porównawcza