Search results - CEJSH

1

Uwarunkowania zagranicznej ekspansji polskich MŚP

100%

Bielawska A.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

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2017

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vol. 51

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issue 6

EN

The article shows that the share of Polish SMEs in export is lower than the number of enterprises in the Polish economy and the number of people working in SME. This situation is a result of the influence of many factors – both endogenous and exogenous – mainly due to the lack of export policy in Poland. The effect of international research and comparisons is to check the research hypothesis. The main objective of article is to formulate recommendations based on international research and comparisons which may contribute to an increase of the importance of Polish SMEs as exporters. The paper was written on the basis of the literature studies in the field of internationalization of enterprises and statistical data illustrating the SME sector in Poland and selected EU countries.

PL

W artykule wykazano, że udział polskich MŚP w eksporcie jest niższy niż udział tych przedsiębiorstw zarówno w ogólnej liczbie przedsiębiorstw, jak i liczbie zatrudnionych. Sytuacja ta jest wynikiem oddziaływania wielu czynników o charakterze endogenicznym i egzogenicznym. Efektem badań i porównań międzynarodowych jest sprawdzenie hipotezy badawczej, tzn. wykazano, że w strukturze MŚP – w porównaniu z wartościami przeciętnymi dla krajów (EU-28) – tkwią niewykorzystane możliwości rozwoju polskiej gospodarki. Realizacja celu pracy znalazła wyraz w sformułowaniu rekomendacji, których spełnienie może przyczynić się do wzrostu znaczenia polskich MŚP jako eksporterów, a pośrednio do rozwoju gospodarczego kraju. Artykuł został napisany na podstawie studiów literatury z zakresu umiędzynarodowienia przedsiębiorstw i analizy danych liczbowych dotyczących udziału małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce oraz w wybranych krajach UE.

2

Związek między innowacyjnością a konkurencyjnością międzynarodową przedsiębiorstw. Analiza porównawcza dla Czech, Polski i Węgier

100%

Lewandowska M. S.

International Business and Global Economy

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2014

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vol. Volume 33

444–458

EN

The relationship between innovation and international competitiveness is widely discussed in the literature. The focus of this paper is on analysing the relationship between the introduction of product, process, marketing and organizational innovation, and export of firms in Czech Republic (N=1824), Hungary (N=964), and Poland (N=2795). Reverse causality – the effect of export on firm’s innovation performance – is also investigated. The survey is based on data from Community Innovation Survey (CIS) questionnaire. Chi-squared test with column proportions and the Bonferroni correction was applied to verify statistically significant differences between firms from surveyed countries. The logistic regression models were construed to identify the relationship between each type of innovation and firm’s international sale’s orientation. A positive relation between innovation and export on all foreign target markets for firms in the three surveyed countries has been revealed. The influence of firm’s export on innovativeness is weaker.

3

Wpływ kosztów pracy na polski eksport

100%

Kapela M., Osiecka K.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2018

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issue 1(366)

113-130

EN

Low labour costs in Poland contribute to its higher participation in global value chain. Nevertheless they can solidify the disadvantageous structure of Polish production and export (with small participation of high technology products and quite a prominent share of imported semi-finished products in the export volume). Strong competition among countries and ease of goods and services flow increase the significance of product specification. The level of technology sophistication determines the quality of products and production efficiency and furthermore facilitates transfer from labour-intensive to capital-intensive branches. The main issue of this article is to verify the impact of labour costs level on the volume and structure of Polish export. The time period (2007-2016) refers to the time before and after the world financial crisis when in 2009 export of most of the European economies crashed. The data is from Eurostat and GUS database. Methodology includes an overview of the literature, deduction, the method of least squares and index of similarities in structure.

4

Badanie konkurencyjności polskiego eksportu z wykorzystaniem skorygowanego wskaźnika przewagi komparatywnej

100%

Salamaga M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2013

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issue 904

37-51

EN

The Balassa index (Revealed Comparative Advantage Index – RCA index) is used to estimate a country’s export attractiveness and comparative advantage by industry sectors or commodity groups. Because it ranges from 0 to ∞, the measure has many drawbacks. Its empirical distribution is strongly asymmetric and is not stable in time. The Revealed Comparative Advantage Index distribution is strongly dependent on the number of reference countries, industries and commodity groups. As a result, some parameters of the RCA index distribution are not stable. These problematic properties render its outcomes incomparable across time and space. The paper proposes a transformation of the RCA index measure into a new index ranging from –1 to 1 by using a special class of rational functions. The new measure has a symmetric distribution with a stable mean and is independent of industry sectors and commodity groups. The adjusted Revealed Comparative Index was used to research export competitiveness in Poland as compared with Germany. The article compares the stability of the empirical distribution of the Adjusted Revealed Comparative Index and Balassa index across time and according to commodity groups. The data used come from Eurostat on Polish and German export and import commodities by Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) in 2005–2009.

5

Badanie zależności między eksportem a rentownością przedsiębiorstw na przykładzie spółek produkcyjnych notowanych na GPW w Warszawie w latach 2003-2010

100%

Wyrobek J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2013

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issue 919

93-102

EN

The purpose of the study is to verify the hypothesis holding that the positive effects of exports improve the profitability of businesses. The positive impact of exports on return on equity is confirmed by both a dynamic panel data model and Granger causality test. Calculations were performed for 50 manufacturing companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The dynamic panel data model was estimated using the Blundell-Bond estimation technique.

6

Wpływ eksportowania na strukturę kapitałową przedsiębiorstw w świetle badań empirycznych

100%

Wyrobek J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2013

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issue 913

137-158

EN

The purpose of the study was to verify whether exporters use more liabilities in their financing structure than non-exporters. The study was conducted for companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange for the years 2000–2009. Capital structure was measured with a debt ratio calculated as a ratio of total liabilities divided by total assets. To test the statistical significance of differences between exporters and non-exporters I used the Cochrane-Cox test. Differences in the debt ratios were not always statistically significant but, apart from companies manufacturing and selling metal products, all remaining exporters had comparable or higher debt ratio values than non-exporters.

7

Koszty agencji a działalność eksportowa firm rodzinnych

100%

Wyrobek J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2013

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issue 901

159-172

EN

The purpose of this publication is to investigate the relationship between concerns about external and internal agency conflicts in family businesses and family control over the company and forms of international cooperation. The study is based on surveys conducted among 101 family businesses in Poland. The author examines the following theses in particular: the high level of concern about internal agency conflicts (within the company) implies that there will be more family control over the business; some forms of international cooperation are rarely used by family businesses due to concerns about international (external) agency conflicts that may arise between a family business and its foreign partners; the main reason for undertaking international cooperation is to increase sales and reduce operating costs.

8

Determinants of Polish Exports to the Ukrainian Market

100%

Lewandowska A., Inglot-Brzęk E., Harasym R.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2014

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issue 3(37)

7-15

EN

The aim of this article is to diagnose the state of Polish-Ukrainian economic relations in the area of trade in goods and services, with particular emphasis on the export of goods to the Ukrainian market. The study includes an analysis of the legal conditions and statistical data on trade cooperation between Poland and Ukraine. In order to deepen the theoretical discussion, a quantitative study was carried out among Polish enterprises cooperating with Ukrainian partners, or operating on the Ukrainian market. The results are primarily focused on depicting the exports of goods and services of Polish entrepreneurs to the Ukrainian market.

PL

Celem artykułu jest diagnoza polsko-ukraińskich relacji gospodarczych w obszarze wymiany towarowej i handlu usługami, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem eksportu towarów na rynek ukraiński. Badania obejmują analizę uwarunkowań prawnych oraz analizę danych statystycznych dotyczących współpracy handlowej między Polską i Ukrainą. W celu pogłębienia rozważań teoretycznych przeprowadzone zostały badania ilościowe wśród polskich przedsiębiorstw współpracujących z ukraińskimi partnerami lub działających na rynku ukraińskim. Prezentowane wyniki badań skupiają się przede wszystkim na ukazaniu problematyki eksportu towarów i usług polskich przedsiębiorców na rynek ukraiński.

9

Shifts in Lithuania’s Agri-food Industry Export Competitiveness: a Comparative Analysis Versus High- and Medium-high Technology Manufacturing Industries

100%

Vitunskiene V., Serva E.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2015

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vol. 6

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issue 1

7-31

EN

Given the rising importance of global value chain, this paper analyses long-run shifts in export competitiveness of Lithuania’s agri-food industry compared to high and medium-high-technology industries in the context of Lithuania’s export vertical specialization. The combination of two complementary parameters of competitiveness i.e. Balassa (1965) index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Total Effect (TE) index proposed by Nyssens and Poullet (cited in Ama-dor and Cabral, 2008, p. 202) were used. The matrix of both indexes builds on the scheme of analytical tool “products mapping” suggested by Widoto (2009). Our analytical tool is applied for the empirical analysis of export flows of goods by three end-use categories within aggregate agri-food industry the same as four manufacturing industries classified by R&D intensities, i.e. high-, medium-high-, medium-low- and low-technology industries. The OECD’s STAN Bilateral Trade Database by Industry and End-use category at the same time was applied to empirical analysis. The findings based on detailed analysis indicated significant differences in export competitiveness and its gains or losses in a long-term period among different reporting Lithuania’s industries and different goods by end-use category.

10

The Impact of the Common Currency on Exports of New EMU Members: Firm-level Evidence for Slovenia and Slovakia

100%

Cieślik A., Michałek J., Michałek A.

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2013

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vol. 8

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issue 4

7-23

EN

There are many studies aiming at estimation of aggregate trade effects of the euro adoption by the old EU countries, which are based on the augmented gravity model. In contrast to the existing literature, we investigate whether the adoption of the common currency increases the export activity of individual firms. In particu-lar, we refer to the new strand in the trade theory literature, based on the Melitz (2003) model, in which export performance depends on labor productivity and costs of exporting. There are already many empirical studies, based on firm level data, showing the relevance of the Melitz (2003) model. Most of those studies demonstrate that export performance positively depends on firms’ characteristics such as labor productivity, spending on R&D, age of the firm, the stock of human capital or propensity to innovate, but they do not take into account the impact of the common currency on the cost of exporting. There are only few studies analyzing trade implications of euro adoption for firms’ exports of “old EU” members. In our empirical paper we use the firm level data basis set up by the EBRD and the World Bank for Central and Eastern European Countries. Using the probit model, we analyze whether the accession of Slovenia and Slovakia to the Eurozone did increase the firms’ propensity to export in those countries.

11

Causality between foreign direct investment in the automotive sector and export performance of Macedonian economy

100%

Damoska Sekuloska J.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2018

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vol. 13

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issue 3

427-443

EN

Research background: Foreign direct investment is perceived as a valuable tool for economic growth. The growth could be realized more or less as a set of benefits depending on the FDIs features. In the period from 2009 to 2016 a remarkable increase in the share of FDIs inflow in automotive sector in Macedonian economy was noticed, from 2.8% to 14.1%. Thus, there seem to be good reasons to examine the issue of how the increased FDI inflow expressed through the remarkable in-crease of FDIs inflow in the automotive sector. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to analyze the causality between the increased FDIs inflow in the automotive industry and a remarkable export growth. The research interest of the study is to recognize the importance of the FDIs inflow structure as a determinant of the export structure. Methods: Within the paper a model is developed that identifies the FDIs as a factor of growth of the export performances. A regression analysis is used to examine the correlation between the FDIs inflow and export. In order to examine causality, the Granger causality test is applied between the FDIs inflow and increased export. Findings & Value added: The results suggest that FDIs create a good basis for quantitative and qualitative shift in the export structure of the Macedonian economy. The paper associates growth of sectoral export with the growth of FDIs in that sector. Due to the increased FDI inflow in the automotive industry, this sector has significantly increased its share in the total Macedonian export. The paper indicates that FDIs can be considered as a way of engagement in the global supplying chains, which additionally influences positively the competitiveness and export performance of the host suppliers.

12

Zróżnicowanie i zmiany konkurencyjności eksportowej regionów w Polsce

89%

Maćkowiak H.

Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna

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2013

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issue 23

21-38

EN

The competitiveness of regions can be viewed from a number of perspectives. One of its aspects is the volume and structure of exports (a region's exporting power), because it is assumed that competitiveness is also a function of sales on foreign markets. The aim of the study is to present differences and changes in the exporting competitiveness (ability to sell on foreign markets) of Poland's voivodeships in 1999–2007.

PL

Na konkurencyjność regionów można spojrzeć z kilku punktów widzenia. Jednym z aspektów konkurencyjności jest wielkość i struktura eksportu (siła eksportowa regionu), gdyż zakłada się, że konkurencyjność jest m.in. funkcją sprzedaży na rynkach zagranicznych. Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie zróżnicowania i zmian konkurencyjności eksportowej (zdolności do sprzedaży na rynki zagraniczne) województw w Polsce w latach 1999–2007.

13

The Trade Specificities between Turkey and Poland

88%

Dziwornu M. G., Rachwał T.

Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego

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2018

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vol. Volume 32, Issue 3

201-215

EN

The general consensus among policymakers and researchers is that in order to increase economic growth, it is necessary to diversify trade. The objective of this paper, therefore, is to analyse the dynamics of trade, specifically the export concentration of products between Turkey and Poland from 1995 to 2015. Despite a historically complicated relationship, these two countries have significantly strengthened economic ties and political cooperation. The last two decades in particular, have witnessed the manifestations of such close cooperation between these two countries. By measuring the export product concentration using the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI), we found higher export concentration from Turkey to Poland in the majority of products traded, in contrast to Poland’s exports to Turkey. The analysis carried out also indicates the imperative for the two countries to consolidate their existing partnership by removing trade barriers that may hinder stronger economic relation and cooperation. Furthermore, reforms are needed in both countries to closely align production structures necessary for greater and more sustained trade partnership.

14

Venture Capital and Exporting – Some Evidence from EU Countries

88%

Bigos K.

Central European Management Journal

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2019

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vol. 27(1)

2-16

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the results of the research on the export of venture capital backed firms in the European Union countries. Methodology: For the purpose of this article, the author created four linear regression models. He decided for export revenue to be a dependent variable. Then, the author verified the influence of four independent variables on export value. Findings: The research found that the turnover of venture capital backed firms positively influences their export value. Moreover, the costs of employees also play an important role in export value explanation. Nevertheless, the empirical study did not confirm any strong positive correlation of analyzed firms’ export value with the number of employees and their share of shareholders’ funds in operating income. Limitations: The analyzed period was limited only to 2016. Second, the study used only one dependent and four independent variables. Further research must include other variables, especially moderating ones, such as entrepreneurship ratio or availability of external financing forms. Third, the regression models were based on data retrieved from Orbis Database and can induce uncertainty regarding its credibility. Originality: At present, there are still only few research studies that explore the export of venture capital backed firms.

15

АДМІНІСТРУВАННЯ ЕКСПОРТУ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ВУГІЛЛЯ ДО ОСМАНСЬКОЇ ІМПЕРІЇ (КІНЕЦЬ ХІХ - ПОЧАТОК ХХ ст.)

88%

Shandra I.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2022

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issue 31

112-129

EN

Period in the late 19th – early 20th centuries was a rapid economic recovery in Ukraine. The excess of production over the volume of the domestic consumer market encouraged entrepreneurs to export coal, primarily to the nearest foreign markets. The market of the Ottoman Empire was determined as a important in that respect. The study of the export direction of commercial activity of Ukrainian entrepreneurs became possible as a result of attracting a wide range of sources including Government and business statistical directories, office documents of representative organizations, articles from periodicals of that time, archival materials, etc. The author analyses export techniques of Ukrainian businessmen as one of the components of business culture wich consists of introducing organizational and logistical techniques for export tasks, studying global experience and using the most successful and effective mechanisms to influence the process of invading foreign markets. The paper shows that Ukrainian entrepreneurs had resorted to a variety of tools to promote their products including business meetings and participating in the “Floating Exhibition”. The author concludes that, despite all efforts, Ukrainian entrepreneurs lost in competition with more developed countries and they had to pay attention to the increased domestic demand. The idea of Ukrainian business community to organize a permanent trade mission in Constantinople in the form of a chamber of commerce, which originated in the early XX century, is implemented at the present stage of mutually beneficial partnership between Ukraine and Turkey.

16

Examining the nexus between exchange rate volatility and export performance: Empirical evidence from the Egyptian experience

88%

Aly H., Rana H.

Business and Economic Horizons

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2018

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vol. Volume 14

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issue Issue 3

542-560

EN

This paper investigates the relationship between exchange rate volatility and export performance of the Egyptian economy for the period (1980-2016). Moving average standard deviation and conditional standard deviation from GARCH model are used to generate two different measures of exchange rate volatility. The co-integration results indicate the existence of a unique long-run relationship between the real value of non-petroleum exports (as well as the volume of total exports) and the GARCH measure of exchange rate volatility. Using a Vector Error Correction Model, it is found that the volatility of the real effective exchange rate has a significant negative effect on real exports, whereas the effect of the level of real effective exchange rate itself, is not found to be statistically significant. Relevant policy implications are derived from these results.

17

Lithuanian export competitiveness before economic recession

88%

Kalendiene J., Miliauskas G.

Business and Economic Horizons

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2011

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vol. 4

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issue 1

40-51

EN

The research paper discusses the concept of competitiveness of economy and analyzes export as an indicator of it. The analysis is started by the historical review of export development. Statistical data show that three Baltic countries have been following different path of export growth since Russian crisis. Different export market orientation and manufacturing sector's longer reorientation process provide an explanation. Furthermore, the historical analysis shows that export growth relation with foreign demand growth and GDP growth is not as strong as it might be expected. In order to estimate possible long-run GDP growth prospects, the structural analysis of trade is performed. The conclusions of the latter revealed high dependence of trade on conjuncture in foreign markets and supported the need of further price and non-price competitiveness analysis. Surprisingly, the results of the former indicate that price indicators do little to explain export development. Conversely, the results of the latter, based on CMSA methodology, show that market orientation of Lithuanian exports adds the most to its competitiveness; meanwhile the product orientation is generally unfavorable. Finally, the relation between FDI structure by countries and trade flows of processed industrial supplies is analyzed. Although data analysis does not reject the existence of such hypothesis, a more detail analysis should be conducted in the future.

18

ESTIMATION OF EXPORT SPECIALIZATION: LITHUANIAN CASE

88%

Bernatonyte D.

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2015

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vol. 10

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issue 3

129-138

EN

This paper investigates the nature and pattern of export specialization in Lithuania. The aim of this paper is to estimate the nature and pattern of Lithuanian export specialization under the existing conditions. Seeking to define the nature and pattern of export specialization, the basic methods of export specialization measurement and the nature and pattern of export specialization in trade between Lithuania and the EU are determined. For measurement of the pattern of export specialization in Lithuania two approaches are adopted. The index of export specialization is used to determine the pattern of comparative advantage. Secondly, trade dissimilarity index is used to predict structural changes in Lithuanian exports. Using these methods of measurement and standard international trade classification (SITC), the nature and pattern of Lithuanian export specialization was determined. It was found that the biggest flows from Lithuania to the EU are in the following groups: food, drink and tobacco; raw materials; mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials. These calculation results show the main directions of nature and pattern of export specialization. This research could be useful for preparing and forecasting the possibilities of Lithuanian export development.

19

Re-export of Financial Services

88%

Lindemane M.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2010

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vol. 5

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issue 2

EN

The present article deals with the research of the concept of ‘re-export of financial services’ in banking, the examples of its practical expression and influence on economic processes. For theoretical formulation of the ‘re-export of financial services’ concept the author uses the method of inductive evidence to compare the concepts of export and re-export of goods and services, as well as analyzes historical information on the given subject. Special attention is paid to the comparison of ‘re-export of financial services’ with ‘re-export of capital’. The above mentioned research resulted in the author’s derivation of re-export theory. As practical examples of re-export of financial services the author quotes current schemes used by Latvian banks in their work with fast money transfers and with financial instruments trading on global markets. The article is completed by a disclosure and survey of positive and negative aspects of the influence of re-export, including financial services, on both subjects of economics and economy as a whole.

20

Udział Polski w handlu międzynarodowym mlekiem i jego przetworami w latach 2003-2014

88%

Kowalska A.

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

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2014

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issue 3(3)

35-48

EN

This paper presents the changes that have occurred in the export and import of milk and milk products after 2004. The analysis made for the period 2003-2014 based on data from Central Statistical Office and the Institute of Agricultural Economics and Food Economy. To illustrate the changes in exports and imports of dairy products the dynamics of change in the analyzed period was calculated, as well as the quantitative and valuable structure of Polish imports and exports of these products in 2003 and 2013. There was also used a clustering analysis of features and objects in the paper. The international trade of Polish dairy articles has gained importance due to the accession of Poland to the European Union. Poland is primarily an exporter of unprocessed or processed to a small extent productes, i.e. liquid milk and cream, whey and milk powder. From dairy products mainly cheese and curd are exported. However, Poland is not a known exporter of ice cream or yogurt and fermented beverages. Since 2004, the main importer of Polish dairy products are the EU countries. In 2013, more than 70.1% of all exported dairy products were exported to those countries, while in 2003 only 37%. The reason for such a large increase in exports to the EU countries was largely the abolition of customs duties, the competitive prices of Polish products and their high quality. The exchange rate had also an effect on trade in milk products, as well as other products. Poland also exports, although much less than before the accession to the European Union, to the developed countries and the Commonwealth of Independent States and Central-Eastern Europe. The balance of total dairy articles as well as in the division into processed and unprocessed products was positive in the analyzed period.

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