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EN
Anonymous letters are a challenge for linguists and raise a whole range of questions that ultimately allow a creation of the linguistic portrait of the possible author. One of these questions concerns the emotional layer of the anonymous letter and the way anonymous authors express their emotions in language. This article is a contribution to the discussion and analysis of a specific type of speech genre, which is anonymous letter. The data comes from a pilot study of the original anonymous letters, the primary purpose of which is to create a corpus of those letters.
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EN
A large piece of bread is an object for which the literary language has no specific name, nevertheless a varied collection of terms can be found in dialects. Most often, metaphoric names motivated by form (e.g. kopyto) or size (e.g. špalek) occur in the collection, then terms with the motivational aspect “separated part” (e.g. závalec). In some words, the motivational aspects mingle. The effort to express the large size of the object leads to the fact that many terms are expressive, above all the augmentatives. The collection of dialect names denominating a large piece of bread is richly differentiated on the lexical, word-formational and phonological level. A simplified depiction of the geographical distribution of the observed dialect expressions can be found on the map included in the article.
EN
The paper focuses on the Old Czech interjections expressing anger and derision, present in texts from the 14th and 15th century. Two main types of interjections are discussed: the interjections based on physiological processes of a speaker (fí, pfí, pfuj) and the interjections imitating the animal voice (bú and mrau).
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EN
This paper investigates Romanian neological phraseologisms used euphemistically, which are analysed from the viewpoint of the sources and fields of use in Romanian.Our approach started from a few theoretical observations regarding the semantic possibilities of neologisms, with special reference to the expressivity of the phraseological neologisms with euphemistic value. The first part of the paper deals with the stylistic markers of phraseological euphemisms, as well as with the internal and external strategies through which phraseological neologisms were borrowed into Romanian. Occasional phraseological neologisms pertaining to the journalistic discourse have then been made the major focus through the analysis of the combinatorial techniques within the euphemization process.The second part of the paper analyses the phraseological representation of inherently euphemistic neologisms, generated by the taboos referring to character flaws, reprehensible behaviour, social condition, as well as the stylistic markers of some phraseological neologisms with euphemistic value pertaining to scientific terminologies like economy, medicine, and the military.
PL
This article focuses on the pragmatic dimension of language phenomena with respect to the expressive and emotional aspect of Slovak and German. The aim is to monitor the use of language and the relationship to language users and relationship to language sign. The study focuses on the intentions of users and the importance of pragmatic language of political and publicistic discourse. The primary focus will be on expressive illocutionary acts and their specific realisation.
FR
Malgré la fréquence de son apparition dans l’expression naturelle (aussi bien parlée qu’écrite), l’interjection reste, paradoxalement, l’un des phénomènes les plus controversés de tout le système linguistique et dès lors, considérés comme périphériques. La complexité de sa nature aussi bien que son statut très ambigu, conduisent au flou terminologique ne permettant pas d’aboutir, à ce stade de recherche, à un modèle définitoire qui pourrait être satisfaisant pour tous les éléments de cette classe grammaticale. Notre article se propose d’explorer la catégorie de l’interjection en s’appuyant sur les critères morphologiques, syntaxiques et sémantiques. L’objectif de notre travail sera de décrire le fonctionnement de l’interjection dans le discours en évoquant le rôle du contexte situationnel qui détermine le caractère polyfonctionnel de ce groupe de mots. Cette démarche nous permettra ègalement d’analyser le potentiel expressif de la classe grammaticale en question, ainsi que sa portée communicative.
EN
Despite its frequent appearance in natural expression (both spoken and written), the interjection remains, paradoxically, one of the most controversial phenomena in the whole language system and is therefore considered peripheral. The complexity of its nature, as well as its very ambiguous status, lead to blurry terminology, which, at this stage of research, does not allow to achieve a defining model that could be satisfactory for all elements of this grammatical class. The paper aims to explore the category of the interjection by relying on morphological, syntactic and semantic criteria. The objective of my work is to describe the functioning of the interjection in speech by evoking the role of situational context which determines the multifunctional character of this group of words. This approach will also allow me to analyze the expressive potential of the grammatical category in question and its communicative significance.
EN
It is shown that: (a) classicality is connected with various criteria some of which are fulfilled by TIL while some other are not; (b) some more general characteristic of classicality connects it with philosophical realism whereas (radical) anti-realism is connected with non-classical logics; (c) TIL is highly expressive due to its hyperintensionality, which makes it possible to handle procedures as objects sui generis. Thus TIL is classical in obeying principles of realism and non-classical in transcending some principles taught by textbooks of classical logic.
EN
This article presents some results of research in multimedia translation especially in the field of French-German contrastive description of film-subtitles. Our analysis is based on original dialogues and scripts of some of most popular films about the life in French suburbs; the transcriptions will be compared with the subtitled versions in German and in any cases with the dubbing-text. We aim to study the use of expressive and affective idioms in the French dialogs and their translational solutions chosen by the translators. Are discussed the ritual use of phraseological units like swear-words/maledictions, idioms of invectiveness and offences, verbal slanders but also specially connotated interjections and forms/terms of address to clarify their significations and functions. Adequate translation of this type of expressions is very important for the respect of the “aim” of those films.
FR
L’article présente les résultats des recherches dans le domaine de la traduction multimédia, en particulier ceux de la description contrastive du sous-titrage franco-allemand. Dans les analyses, nous sommes parti des dialogues originaux et des scénarios de quelques films français sur la banlieue parisienne. Les transcriptions sont comparées avec les versions allemandes sous-titrées. Dans certains cas, les versions doublées sont également considérées. L’objectif visé est d’étudier l’usage des expressions idiomatiques, expressives et affectives dans les textes français et de les comparer avec les « équivalents » choisis par les traducteurs. Il s’agit notamment de l’usage rituel des unités phraséologiques, telles les injures, insultes, jurons/formules juratoires, calomnies et gros mots ainsi que les interjections et termes d’adresse connotés, dont sont analysées les significations et les fonctions. La traduction adéquate de ce type de phrasèmes et d’expressions revêt une importance décisive pour rendre justice à « l’âme » de ces films.
EN
The author presents the case of expressiveness and identity in the language of the Internet users discussing about the politics. The analysis is based on the corpus of French, Italian and Polish anti slogans and anti posters and it refers to the verbal instruments used by the authors of anti electoral advertising. The objective of the paper is to describe the aesthetic processes which make this kind of language expressive as well as to show how the identity of the anti electoral publicity authors is created.
FR
L’article a pour objectif d’aborder le problème de l’expressivité et de l’identité dans le langage des internautes traitant le sujet de la politique. En nous basant sur un corpus d’anti-slogans et d’anti-affiches politiques relevés sur les sites français, polonais et italiens, nous décrirons des instruments discursifs et des procédés esthétiques qui fourmillent dans le langage anti-sloganique. Nous analyserons des procédés contribuant à l’expressivité de ce langage et nous chercherons à démontrer comment se construit l’identité des auteurs de l’anti-publicité politique.
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