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EN
The author of the article reconstructs the various concepts of femininity in the fable Red Riding Hood. The main thesis is related to conviction that fables including Red Riding Hood are the fieldof specificcrystallization of culture uncertainity. In the case of Red Riding Hood competing interpretations of meanings are deconstructed. One can give here as an example the feminist understanding of Red Riding Hood, postmodern approach to this fascinating heroine and power girl related thinking, as well as psychoanalytic concepts. So in the seemingly naïve and banal fable various version of femininity and feminine sexuality can be discovered.
EN
In 1860, count Karol Załuski (1834 1919) published a booklet containing his Arabic translations of four fables by the leading Polish Enlightment Age poet Ignacy Krasicki, as well as Polish translations of four Arabic Lokman’s fables. Thus, for the first time in history, pieces of Polish literature were translated into Arabic by a Polish orientalist. Cast into oblivion for almost a century, the booklet was eventually discovered and briefly described by the Polish orientalist Jan Reychman in the mid twentieth century. This paper is an analysis of Załuski’s translation as well as a more detailed description of the booklet itself.
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Aesopic Fables on Politics

87%
EN
In the ancient Greek Aesopic fables political matters were an important part of their contents and message. Voicing popular ideas, the fables were most often critical towards the authorities and the usual methods of government. The fables show political mechanisms, condemn violence and lies in public life. However, they were used also as an instrument of the ruling class propaganda, but even the fables that praise rulers unmask them indirectly. Although they remain highly realistic in their description of life, they promote values important for public life in the times of war and peace, such as finding good allies, honesty and freedom.
EN
The author shows how Biernat of Lublin (1465–1529) describes women from the 16th and 17th century. He wrote only 27 times about women, but always negatively. The writer criticised whoresfor the first time in Polish literature for being greedy and untrue. He created a feminine image which today is an element of stereotype.
PL
Zamierzamy przedstawić, jak Biernat z Lublina (1465–1529) pisze w bajkach (210) o kobietach. Stwierdzamy, że pisze rzadko (27 haseł) i ocenia je negatywnie. Panna to pochodnia ognista, mężatki krytykuje za złości, gadulstwo, zdrady małżeńskie i miłość do męża tylko do pogrzebu. Po raz pierwszy w polszczyźnie krytykuje miłośnice / kurwy za chciwość finansową i fałszywe, słodkiesłowa do młodzieńców, paniców, gamratów.W bajkach ezopowych Biernata mamy więc kontynuację prześmiewczego, złośliwego, krytycznego obrazu niewiasty, co jako stereotyp trwa do dzisiaj.
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Per un Rodari “ecologico”

73%
EN
In his works, Gianni Rodari always had an attentive eye for the environment and the ways in which it was described. At the time when an invariably beautiful and positive vision of nature prevailed, he wrote stories that, while entertaining, made the reader think. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that Rodari largely anticipated the themes of environmental emergency. As he dedicated many of his poems, fables and articles to environmental issues, the methodological starting point for this study involves compiling a complete catalogue of Rodari’s works published in books and magazines. In the next step, their most recurring themes are identified (adults’ inattention to the needs of children, property speculation, the changing of the seasons, animals unable to find their way around in pollution-suffocated cities, etc.), and Rodari’s style is assessed as always aiming for lightness and smile, rather than for didacticism. The results show that Rodari skilfully used fantasy to bring out the importance of respect for the environment and the role that childhood could have in the development of positive attitudes to the environment. The conclusion reasserts the current relevance of Rodari’s works and their validity in education as viewed from an ecological perspective.
IT
Nelle sue opere Gianni Rodari ha avuto sempre uno sguardo attento all’ambiente e alle parole che lo caratterizzano e in anni in cui ancora dominava una visione sempre bella e positiva della natura ha saputo creare testi capaci di divertire ma anche far riflettere il lettore. Scopo di questo lavoro è dimostrare quanto lo scrittore abbia anticipato temi che oggi appartengono all’emergenza ambientale. Rodari dedica all’ambiente e alla natura poesie, favole e articoli; a livello di metodo la ricerca parte dalla schedatura completa di tutti i testi rodariani presenti su volumi e riviste e si sviluppa sia attraverso la valutazione dei temi più ricorrenti (la scarsa attenzione degli adulti alle esigenze dei bambini, la speculazione edilizia, le stagioni che cambiano, gli animali che non riescono più ad orientarsi nelle città soffocate dall’inquinamento), sia attraverso la valutazione dello stile di Rodari, mai didascalico e sempre teso alla leggerezza del sorriso. I risultati confermano che lo scrittore attraverso la dimensione fantastica riesce a far emergere l’importanza del rispetto dell’ambiente e il ruolo che l’infanzia può avere nello sviluppo di idee positive verso l’ambiente. Le conclusioni ribadiscono l’attualità dei testi di Rodari in ambito ecologico e la loro validità in campo educativo.
EN
Translatory achievements of medieval women are rarely discussed. In antiquity Greek and Roman writings were practically all composed in two languages. Because Latin women’s writing did not reach sophistication, or at least we do not possess the evidence for it, Greek dominated. In the early Middle Ages the situation changed: Latin became dominant, and the writing in Greek was no longer well recognized. While the literary examination used to focus on high culture, the value of such high-brow products was assessed according to the criterion of originality. Low culture and its writings were largely disregarded. Translation, a low-brow representative, could not easily prove its originality. Comments about it are rather infrequent in early compendia of medieval literature. This absence may be partly explained by the fact that originality itself was not held in high regard in the Middle Ages. Only recently has the growing research into social and legal conditions of early women as well as into their varied cultural and literary expressions brought them a deserved recognition.
EN
Spreewald Forest. (On) The Smallest Slavonic People – The Sorbs and Wends Upper and Lower Lusatia with mountains in the Southern border region with the Czech Republic (Bohemia) and the natural and cultural water landscapes of the Spreewald Forest are the native lands of the Slavonic Sorbs and Wends with a unique history, language, and culture. The ancestor of the Sorbs and Wends came here in the 6th century, and both peoples are closely related to their Western Slavonic brethren, the Czechs and Poles. In their complicated history they had to experience persecution, assimilation, and displacement, language prohibition, deportation, and even extermination included. In their home regions the Sorbs have the right to speak Sorabian/Wendish today, in public, at school, and at court as well. The increasing industrialization provokes more and more calls and activities for the preservation of the unique scenery, and language and culture of the Sorbian minority. The maintenance of the rich culture, customs and traditions of the Sorbs and Wends was and is still an important aspect for their future existence, and self-preservation. They are kept alive in many regions, across language and cultural barriers. General knowledge on this ethnic and cultural minority is in Germany often reduced to customs and mere folklore. Although many Sorbs and Wends are Christians today, most of their cultural heritage, customs and legends are of pagan-originated, a challenging, and interesting offer. The rich culture, lively customs and traditions make the bilingual region a unique, interesting, and attractive place for many visitors that can experience a lot in the triangle border region of Saxony, Bohemia, and Silesia. They may follow the ancient trade route Via Regia as well as the holy route Via Sacra connecting the Lusatia region with important historic and cultural destinations in Poland and the Czech Republic. Interested guest may experience traditions alive, for instance they might follow the traces of Krabat, also called the “Wendish Faust” and main character of the most popular Sorabian/Wendish legend coming from this area. Traditions are part of a well-preserved history and cultural heritage, and they are an integrating practice in modern life of this region, and in policy, too.
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