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Na vnějším okraji "Teologického traktátu"

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EN
The article is prefaces by a biographical note by Jan Zouhar, Remembering Jaroslav Šabata. In the article itself Šabata, “in the outer margins of Czesław Miłosz’s Theological Tract”, offers a profoundly personal confession of lived dynamics of faith, be it Christian or Communist. He understands faith as a stance of willingness to measure oneself by more than personal interest. He speaks of an unconditional trust which makes for a historical catharsis. Rejecting neither the Communist nor the Christian ideal, heraises them to the level of a transformation of historical subjectivity intensified by the struggle for social transformation. Tus his confession transcends the seeming chasm between Christian and communist faith.
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EN
Faith is a gift, because God takes the initiative to meet people. Any person accepting the gift of faith makes God the solid foundation of his life. The Christian faith can not exist “on its own”, since God’s revelation requires the authority of the Church, to not go wrong. Therefore, it is necessary to believe in the Church, where faith also grows and develops. Anyone who loses his connection to the Church, also loses faith. Moreover, the existence of the Church confirms the truth that faith determines moral principles. Accepting baptism signifies acceptance Christian morality and Christian teaching. The modern world wants to constrain Christian faith to the private sphere. The consequence of such an action is relativism of moral norms which subsequently lose their foundation which proceeds from the authority of the Church.
PL
The article focuses three problematic knots. The fi rst one underlines how the modern utopias are not dead, but they have strikingly moved: the modern ideal of freedom, for example, changed into the post-modern ideal of security; the monism of values shared in common turned into a pluralism of personal, discontinuous and fragmented choices. The second knot identi fi es education itself as an evolving utopia: from the post colonial dream of education for all to the present priority to educate ex novo the social links in a globalised world; from the society of knowledge (instrumental good) to a pluralistic society of living together (structural good). The third knot calls to mind the classical eschatological hendiadys of the “already and not yet” that the theology of Christian Hope propose once more as the paradigm of the human living. In the - political and at same time mystic-dynamic of the historical present, dissuading in this way the believers from looking for the salvation in easy and utopian projections beyond this world.
PL
Paweł Włodkowic – Latin Paulus Vladimiri (1370-1435): Catholic priest, scholar, jurist, religious and political writer, rector of the Jagiellonian University, defender of Polish interests in disputes with Knights of the Teutonic Order. Paweł Włodkowic was an early teacher of the idea of tolerance, who during the Council of Constance stated that pagan nations have the right to maintain their religious beliefs. Based on the major theological authority of that time, i.e. Saint Thomas Aquinas, Włodkowic could, in the very concept of faith in the Catholic Church, see the most important elements requiring tolerance. The point is, above all, that faith must be an act of human freedom, that it is God’s grace and that it is closely related to reason. These elements have been commented on by authorities such as Edith Stein and Joseph Ratzinger.
EN
Considerations, undertaken by the article, lead to a conclusion that reason and faith as sources of knowing God are determined by many factors. Analyses of Zofia J. Zdybicka’ s works show that the rational knowledge about God is conditioned with limits of the human nature, specificity of the nature of Absolute Being, as well as historical and cultural contexts (which contain possibilities of common sense knowledge, and type of philosophical cognition). While the knowledge about God acquired through religious faith is shaped with the historical Revelation of Divine Persons, and forms of its social and personal reception. So if reason and faith have their own autonomy, ie. “spaces” where they can be realized in accordance with their own natures, then it is not possible to give up on any of them without disturbing to know not only God, but man as well.
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2018
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vol. 20
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issue 4
429-439
EN
The object of faith in the sense of Kant is the postulates of practical reason that is, the immortality of the soul and the existence of God. Together, they constitute the conditions for the possibility of the highest good. Objects of faith are natural, which means that they are constructed by human reason and not revealed by God. On the subject of the immortality of the soul and the existence of God, Kant speaks only from the perspective of pure practical reason. A comparison of the conception of faith of pure practical reason with the conception of Christian faith makes the differences between these two perspectives of faith visible. These differences indicate the specificity of each of them. It is particularly important that rational faith acknowledges the existence of postulates of practical reason, and the supernatural faith concerns the content revealed by God. Faith according to Kant is a natural activity, whereas revealed faith is a supernatural act. Furthermore, rational faith is limited only to the order of practical reason, whereas Christian faith is the activity of reason and will at the same time.
EN
This paper explores reasons for the apparent ineffectiveness of religious education programmes in the Catholic schools of the West. It examines the impact of the anti-realist educational philosophy of Constructivism and the inadequacy of responses to these challenges, including those proposed by Recontextualisation theologians. The paper examines the work of the nineteenth century Eng-lish Cardinal, John Henry Newman, and recommends possible solutions to the crisis in religious education based on the work of his insights. It also argues the case for certitude as a necessary component of religious education.
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2017
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vol. 19
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issue 2
117 - 129
EN
The task posed by the author of the article is to analyze the problem of the relation of faith and reason in the Encyclical Fides et ratio. He analyzes the importance of the key terms, and indicates their place in the tradition of European philosophy. It does also, on the basis of the content of the papal document, some comments on the nature of the systematic comparison of natural knowledge to Revelation and the philosophy of the natural sciences.
EN
The transmission of the essence of faith takes an important place in teaching religion. It is directly connected with the task of developing the knowledge of faith on every level of children’s and teenagers’ education. People involved in teaching and catechetical education, also religion teachers, are responsible for accomplishing this task. Today, after twenty two years of teaching religion at school, the transmission of the essence of faith is being critically discussed in school environment. The objections concern difficulties and limitations relating to the transmission of the essence of faith in school environment. Catechists and religion teachers unanimously claim that the transmission of the essence of faith is not possible without the grace of God in sacraments. They seldom pay attention to the teacher’s role in the process of transmitting the essence of faith. The author of this article makes an attempt to show the tasks that a religion teacher should fulfill as far as transmitting the essence of faith in school environment is concerned. Not only strategies of development and experiencing faith but also limitations and difficulties relating to it were mentioned. At first, the term „transmission of faith” was explained. Next, a short characterization of teaching religion at school was made. The  basic tasks of religion teachers in transmitting the essence of faith were depicted in this context. Apart from catechetical activities directed at pupils, the attention was also paid to teaching staff, school staff and parents. This is because a religion teacher is qualified to have influence on all members of catechetical interaction in school environment. Finally, the most important, crucial to religion teaching and parish catechesis, open issues were described. They require further theoretical research and empirical verification. Searching the new model of catechetical priesthood is also essential.
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The mirror of science

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EN
Mathematics is a family of theories; there is an interpretation of every science of the physical world in the corresponding mathematical structure. Hence, mathematics is the mirror of science in its entirety.
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EN
The article offers a demonstration of the correlation between faith and church law in the catholic perspective. The author stands on the position that faith is of essence for law understood as a phenomenon and as regulations that play an active role in the life of community of believers. It is because faith is a factor in the processes of drafting law, interpreting law, and implementing law. The conclusion is that in the study of church law more attention should be paid to faith especially during the Year of faith.
EN
Following the Second Vatican Council, the Catholic Church notices the need for the existence in particular dioceses of an institutional way of Christian initiation for adults who wish to follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. At the same time, there is a universal recognition of the need to organize in local churches and relatively big parishes special places where it would be possible for adults to gradually experience post-baptismal initiation. Zbigniew Kiernikowski, the Bishop of Legnica, offers us a comprehensive proposition of Christian initiation for adults, which can be experienced both prior to and after the celebration of the sacraments of Christian initiation. He updates the way of initiation in a very specific manner, which the Church recommends in the Rite of Christian initiation of adults adjusted to Polish customs. His proposition is firmly set in the biblical, liturgical, ecclesial and existential contexts. Its great asset is the author’s pastoral practice. The outline of the catechumenate and proposed catecheses were not created by him while sitting at a desk, but rather as a result of his ministry, the long-term programmes implemented personally in the dioceses of Siedlce and Legnica, the catecheses delivered, the scrutinies carried out and the sacraments celebrated. Yet, it needs to be stressed that the presented catecheses do not deal with all the essential dimensions of a Christian’s new life. Neither are they a systematic theological lecture on the sacraments of initiation. His numerous texts contain very interesting intuitions related to the existence of a new man, the Son of God, who is born thanks to being immersed in the waters of baptism. His proposition of experiencing initiation is incredibly valuable and unique against the backdrop of the Polish contemporary thought and sacramental practice.
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Conversion in the Fourth Gospel

71%
Verbum Vitae
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2022
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vol. 40
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issue 4
957-975
EN
The essence of the proclamation of the Good News is a call to conversion, which seems absent from the Fourth Gospel due to the lack of any direct reference. The biblical idea of conversion is first expressed there by a call to believe in Jesus as the Son of God; then by the repeated motif of coming out of darkness into the light, approaching and discovering (accepting) the truth; being born of God and the Spirit, approaching Jesus, testifying about him, accepting and following him, and finally glorifying God. This study aims to present this multi-faceted process, whose framework is outlined by John, first in the prologue to his Gospel and then developed in the narrative. The same order is applied in the individual stages of this analysis employing a synchronic approach, which enables the readers to derive the edifying call to turn to Jesus and follow him to gain eternal life from the final, i.e., canonical, version of John’s text.
EN
In the genealogy of Jesus at the beginning of the Gospel according to St. Matthew four women are listed. Two of them - Rahab and Ruth - connect the public profession of faith in God YHWH and the corresponding conduct. This article approaches the story of these women described in the Bible and against that background shows the value of that confession of faith, together with its importance and consequences for the future life of both heroins. Rahab and Ruth - two non-Israelites who profess faith in YHWH, and take action dictated by this faith became collaborators with God in the execution of His program of blessing of the peoples of the Earth. They were also accepted into the religious and national community of Israel. For the first recipients of the written story of the two women, that is for the members of the postexilic community of the province of Yehud, the story of Rehab and Ruth could provide a valuable lesson on the collective identity of the people of YHWH.
PL
Miłość ojczyzny i wiara w Jezusa to dwa bieguny, które są względem siebie otwarte, domagając się bliższego spojrzenia. W debacie publicznej i przestrzeni religijnej zagadnienie patriotyzmu w kontekście wiary w Jezusa jest zagadnieniem zdewaluowanym. Wobec takiego stanu rzeczy została podjęta próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy wiara w Jezusa (i czy w ogóle?) jest wyzwaniem dla miłowania ojczyzny? Artykuł został podzielony na trzy części: 1. Chrześcijańskie określenie wiary; 2. Ojczyzna i patriotyzm; 3. Biblijna perspektywa miłowania ojczyzny. Poczynione badania prowadzą do wniosku, że wiara w Boga nie tylko może stać się źródłem i siłą każdego rodzaju patriotyzmu, ale również być gwarantem trwałego pokoju między ludźmi.
EN
Love to the homeland and faith in Jesus are two aspects, which are open to one another, demanding the closer scrutiny. In public debate and the religious space the question in terms of faith in Jesus is a devaluated question. In such circumstances one tried to answer the question if the faith in Jesus or the faith in general is the challenge to love one’s homeland. The article was divided into three parts: 1. the christian definition of faith, 2. the homeland and the patriotism, 3. love one’s homeland in biblical perspective. The research lead to the conclusion that faith in God can be the source and the momentum of all kinds of patriotism, as well as the guarantee of the lasting peace among people.
EN
In the 50s of the twentieth century Leo Strauss and Eric Voegelin conducted an important dispute concerning the status of myth and the relationship of philosophy to theology. As they both remained creative within the broader political philosophy, their argument took the form of discussion on the status of political theology. This discussion seems to be even more interesting as it invokes the controversial position of political theology in the writings of Thomas Hobbes and his followers. In his article the author summarizes both the arguments of overt and directly guided polemics (among others correspondence in the years 1934 to 1964) of both authors, and reconstructs at least the most important evidence of their positions in this dispute. The author wishes also to respond to the subject matter of this dispute, and therefore the relation of philosophy to theology and the relationship between political theology and political philosophy, with reference to recent studies, among others of Merio Scattola and Jacob Taubes, were discussed.
EN
The spread of Christianity reveals a new interpretation of human existence. In it temporality is regarded as a universal characteristic of the human race. The interpreta-tion of God's word is based on a medieval understanding of being, as the Word. In the theocentric perspective Jesus Christ’s personality is a unique form of human self-consciousness. Christian thought unveils within it the dialogue between a faithful mind and a personal God, the relationship of “You” versus “Me.” Dialogic activity of a hu-man agent is kept up by the constant renewal of religious communication contexts that arises from the process of spiritual contemplation. Theocentric thinking explains the self-sufficiency of human existence through the infinity of the knowledge of God that gives a person the opportunities of self-improvement and self-fulfillment. Faith is equal to finding one’s inner self; that is why it always considers a person as a personality containing unlimited perspectives for personal self-determination.
EN
An important issue arising with regard to the relationship between politics and religion is the question: on what the authority of secularized political power is based? Already in XVIII century E. Burke, with a clear consciousness of the process of power secularization in the context of anticipated terror in post-Revolution France, did realize that a legitimization of power referring directly to material interests or violence is extraordinarily weak. He also grasped the role of the myths and manipulations, which are very useful for power-holders seeking popular legitimization. On the other hand, Eric Voegelin, who witnessed magical rituals and bloody violence of the Nazis in the '30ies of the XX century understood earlier than other political philosophers, that in the basis of totalitarian ideologies there are a sort of quasi-religious praxis and a kind of political gnosis. Yet, in the last decades there have been ever more noticeable attempts to produce a kind of so-called civic political theology, which sets aside inherited Christian contents and effectively eliminates the experience of sacrum. Both authors hold that such processes are dangerous and have negative consequences.
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