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Creating associative memory distortions - a Polish adaptation of the DRM paradigm

100%
Ulatowska J., Olszewska J.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2013
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vol. 44
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issue 4
449-456
EN
One of the most widely applied techniques used to examine associative memory errors is the Deese-Roediger- McDermott (DRM) paradigm. The aim of the present studies was to demonstrate a Polish version of the DRM paradigm and to test the characteristics of memory illusions evoked by this procedure for both recall and recognition. A normative study was conducted to prepare Polish stimuli material sharing similar characteristics as the lists in the English language version. Subsequently, the lists were applied to examine the effect of prior recall on recognition, as well as the influence of retention interval on recall. The results revealed that the Polish version of the DRM paradigm induced a robust effect of false recall and recognition. Moreover, it was revealed that immediate recall of a single list led to a higher rate of both correct and false recall and that prior recall positively influenced recognition, leading to a higher rate of hits.
2
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Categorising in People with Aphasia – The Research Using the DRM procedure, or on Creating False Memories

100%
Kokot M.
Logopedia Silesiana
|
2019
|
issue 8
242-273
PL
Creating false memories with words is a research procedure mainly used in psychology. It is based on a high correlation between the probability of remembering-knowing a critical word (the memories of the fact of learning it) and the likelihood of providing this word as an association with a list of words. An unrepresented critical word appears as a memory because it is associated with thewords presented to the participants of the study. The falsehood of the memory lies in the fact that the probability of providing a false word, i.e. a critical word, is as strong as the possibility of giving a listed word, whereas the respondents report that they remember the very moment of remembering a critical word. The aim of this article is to present the results of research on causing false memories and their effects carried out on the group of people with motor aphasia and the control group of those without this type of disorder. The study was conducted using the modified DRM procedure on the group of people with motor aphasia (N = 46) and the control group (N = 46). The study was conducted individually and the material was presented by means of visual and auditory ways. The conclusion is that the people with aphasia are prone to the effect of causing false memories to a similar extent as those without aphasia, even though this fact may be due to the non-linguistic deficits associated with aphasia.
3
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Categorising in People with Aphasia – The Research Using the DRM procedure, or on Creating False Memories

100%
Kokot M.
Logopedia Silesiana
|
2019
|
issue 8
242-273
PL
Creating false memories with words is a research procedure mainly used in psychology. It is based on a high correlation between the probability of remembering-knowing a critical word (the memories of the fact of learning it) and the likelihood of providing this word as an association with a list of words. An unrepresented critical word appears as a memory because it is associated with thewords presented to the participants of the study. The falsehood of the memory lies in the fact that the probability of providing a false word, i.e. a critical word, is as strong as the possibility of giving a listed word, whereas the respondents report that they remember the very moment of remembering a critical word. The aim of this article is to present the results of research on causing false memories and their effects carried out on the group of people with motor aphasia and the control group of those without this type of disorder. The study was conducted using the modified DRM procedure on the group of people with motor aphasia (N = 46) and the control group (N = 46). The study was conducted individually and the material was presented by means of visual and auditory ways. The conclusion is that the people with aphasia are prone to the effect of causing false memories to a similar extent as those without aphasia, even though this fact may be due to the non-linguistic deficits associated with aphasia.
4
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Is working memory working against suggestion susceptibility? Results from extended version of DRM paradigm

75%
Maciaszek P.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2016
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vol. 47
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issue 1
62-72
EN
The paper investigates relationship between working memory efficiency, defined as the result of its’ processing & storage capacity (Oberauer et al., 2003) and the tendency to (1) create assosiative memory distortions (false memories, FM); (2) yield under the influence of external, suggesting factors. Both issues were examined using extended version of Deese-Roediger-McDermott procedure (1959, 1995), modified in order to meet the study demands. Suggestion was contained in an ostentatious feedback information the participants (N=88) received during the DRM procedure. Working memory (WM) was measured by standardized tasks (n-back, Jaeggi et al., 2010; automatic-ospan, Unsworth et al., 2005). Study included 3 conditions, differing in the quality of suggestion (positive, negative or neutral). Participants were assigned into 3 groups, depending on results they achieved completing the WM tasks. Obtained results alongside the previously set hypothesis, revealed that (1) WM impacts individuals’ tendency to create false memories in DRM and (2) that the individuals showing higher rates in WM tasks are less willing to yield to suggestion compared to those with lesser ones. It also showed that the greater amount to shift (Gudjonsson, 2003), emerges under the negative suggestion condition (collating positive). Notwithstanding that the interaction effect did not achieve saliency, both analyzed factors (WM and suggesting content) are considered as meaningful to explain memory suggestion susceptibility in presented study. Although, obtained results emphasize the crucial role of WM efficiency, that is believed to decide the magnitude of feedback that is influential in every subject. Therefore, issue demands further exploration.
5
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Analiza występowania poczucia pamiętania fałszywych wspomnień u osób badanych metodą list słów skojarzonych

51%
Maciaszek P.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Psychologica
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2015
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vol. 8
51-64
PL
Głównym celem przeprowadzonych badań była weryfikacja hipotezy o występowaniu zjawiska transferu fałszywych wspomnień pomiędzy pamięcią semantyczną, a epizodyczną u osób badanych. Założono, że do przypomnienia materiału (zarówno prawdziwego, jak fałszywego) dochodzi wskutek podniesienia poziomu aktywacji w wybranym fragmencie sieci pamięciowej powyżej wartości progowej. Mechanizm ten jest specyficzny dla pamięci semantycznej. W referowanym eksperymencie sprawdzono, czy (a) mechanizm aktywacji rozprzestrzeniającej się wzdłuż sieci pojęciowej spowoduje powstanie fałszywych wspomnień usytuowanych w pamięci wydarzeń, oraz (b) czy wywołane laboratoryjnie fałszywe przypomnienia będą, pod względem raportowanych przez osoby badane charakterystyk, bardziej podobne do prawdziwych wspomnień, niż przypadkowych błędów. Do weryfikacji hipotez wykorzystano metodę list słów skojarzonych (DRM paradigm) oraz procedurę „osądu wiem-pamiętam” (remember-know judgement). Badanie przeprowadzone w grupie 61 studentów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego potwierdziło postawione hipotezy. Okazało się, że uczestnicy eksperymentu istotnie częściej raportowali poczucie pamiętania w stosunku do prawdziwych i fałszywych wspomnień, niż błędnych przypomnień, a także że uśrednione wskaźniki przypominania dla fałszywych i prawdziwych wspomnień są na zbliżonym poziomie (odpowiednio 52% i 57%, w kontraście do błędów – 9,6%). Pozwala to wnioskować o występowaniu zjawiska transferu fałszywych wspomnień powstałych w efekcie wywołania aktywacji sieci semantycznej przy pomocy procedury procedurze DRM do pamięci epizodycznej, związanej z poczuciem pamiętania konkretnego, realnego wydarzenia przez osoby badane.
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