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EN
The text has been based on the quality research which was carried out in 2007 and 2008 in the Opole region migrants’ environment (60 interviews and 30 letters – diaries). The diaries were describing emotions, feelings and thoughts of women working abroad. Women were going abroad to improve living conditions of their families. The outcome of multifaceted quantity research contains the descriptions of women’s emotional states. The research is based on two groups of women: migrating: 357 females, and non-migrating: 164 females. Female migrants were aware of difficulties connected with their working abroad (parting with the family and hard, sometimes monotonous, work). However, they could become independent financially and active professionally. The state of being employed could change their social position, their way of thinking and their social roles. For some women mobility was a specific maternal strategy and the way to fulfill their roles in a family.
EN
The article presents a discussion of the stages of child development - studentat an early age of his life, with particular emphasis on the development of the brain. Then pointed out the role of the family, kindergartens and schools to support the child's development and outlined proposals for teacher collaboration with parents.
EN
review:  When the family suffers. Assistance, support and guiding  (VANCÁKOVÁ, Soňa. Keď rodina trpí. Pomoc, podpora a sprevádzanie. Košice: Equilibria, 2020. 120 p. ISBN 978-80-8143-270-5)
EN
The function of a burgher family passed through changes depending upon historical conditions and power relations. Every family member had its social role within the family framework. Family members followed stabilisedpattem ofbehaviour influenced by personal motivation. In the era of the early modem period the original forms of social life of the burghers passed through weakening and a polarisation of the małe and female role was strengthening. That was the beginning of a gradual division process of home and public sphere leading to a formation of a burgher model of traditional roles of husband and wife. These changes were being reflected in gradual transferring of productive eaming activities from the home sphere to the public sphere. In the pre-industrial phase of early modem period the burgher women, particularly those that took part in productive and economic entrepreneurial activities with their husbands, were relatively more independent and free than the women in industrial period when the role of women was understood as a guardian of the family hearth. With the modemisation and democratisation of the society a burgher model of a good wife and a polarisation of both genders were gradually pushing ahead. The dependence of the wife on the husband was not economic only. The wife had to subordinate her life plans to the career of her husband in public sphere and concentrate to the home sphere.
EN
The article signals the problems of a complex influence that professional work, one of the key values, has over one’s personal life. This issue seems to be the common area of scientific research for both pedagogy and sociology. Based on the EU27 as well as on Polish research results, a thesis has been formulated that professional work may nowadays be a threat to the functioning of the family.
EN
The article gives an insight into the meaning of the term “normal family” and the potential implications of its use. The modernist and the postmodernist approaches presented are supposed to contribute to a reflection on the current usefulness of this term, i.e. to what extent it describes the family and work with it. The use of the terms: norm and normal is mistaken for objectivism and neutrality. It is therefore worth considering in the context of narration about the family terms such as: healthy, functional, successful, adapting, and when using the term norm or standard, to add criteria of its description. The article first presents selected definitions of norms, then the approaches to the normal family, and the resultant conclusions. Further on the article indicates the results of preliminary analyses of statements made by students, showing their ways of defining the notion of a “normal family”. Subsequently a summary is made from the perspective of both modernism and postmodernism.
EN
The studies presented in the article show the presence and quality of the male model of the guardian in the life of juvenile delinquents. The biographies of 26 boys and 34 girls (juvenile delinquents) were studied. The text attempts to prove the thesis that the absence of the father in the upbringing of the child (his physical as well as emotional absence) has serious consequences in the children’s moral development. On the other hand, a presence of a criminal father constitutes an equally strong predictor of juvenile delinquency.
EN
Children with disabled siblings grow up in specific conditions. The case study presents the profile of a young woman living with a disabled brother. Because of her family situation she has become very understanding and tolerant of people with disabilities. She has no fear of the need to help them, is very responsible and has a sense of duty to such people. However, on the negative side, the woman is afraid of the genetic determinants of the disease and fears to start her own family. She is also afraid that her husband might have a negative attitude towards disability and she has ambivalent feelings about taking over the care of her brother.
EN
In 2017, 5276 people committed suicide in Poland, while suicide attempts were reported by at least 50-75 thousand people in Poland. Mourning for a close deceased each year affects 100,000 members of our society. Suicidal behavior causes numerous changes in the functioning of families. A significant part of these changes brings conflicts and deconstruction of families. This is confirmed by research conducted among 146 students of Poznań universities who have experienced suicide of a family member.
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Genderové role v rodině pohledem dětských aktérů

80%
EN
The article is based on research conducted with young children, and uses methods of data collection that are suitable and appropriate for children (focus groups, writing, and drawing). Theoretically grounded in a child-perspective research, we intend to contribute to the debate on the transition of gender order in the Czech environment. The text focuses particularly on the issue of gender roles both in the family of participating children and in their projections of roles of individual family members. An analysis of children’ views shows that they identify with the gender categories of “men” and “women” and construct these categories as opposite and firmly bounded. Despite the awareness of conflicts and problems that the unequal distribution of domestic tasks can bring, children mostly support the traditional division of roles and refer to them as normal, natural and corresponding to the physical characteristics of men and women. On the other hand, egalitarian attitudes (the view of division of roles as not depending on gender) are expressed by some children, more often by children from the urban school than from the village school.
EN
The importance of the institution of family in housing practices has deep historical roots in Greece, and families tend to follow certain housing strategies such as late emancipation from the parental home, intergenerational house transfers and financial support for housing. Providing and maintaining a housing solution for young members is one of the top worries in this geographical region, and it is relieved via intergenerational micro-solidarities. Moreover, today’s crisis and austerity are threatening, through indirect budgetary cuts and rising taxation, the housing well-being of the citizenry which is supported only by family welfare. Nonetheless, the family still constitutes the main shock absorber of social and economic turbulence, but at what price?
EN
The XIX century Polish evangelical opinion-forming circles emerged in the Kingdom of Poland.Their views were reflected in press, mainly in “Zwi-astun Evangeliczny – Evangelical Herald”.The leading representative of these circles was Leopold Otto, pastor in Warsaw and Cieszyn, editor of “Zwiastun”.Issues affecting women used to be quite frequent topics of sermons and articles.For evangelical circles woman had to be, above all, a wife, mother and good Christian that does not go beyond the frames of the “the 3 K’s” designation. Apart from the family and religious spheres no other role was allocated to women.However, she had to be mother and an active housewife running the household in a modern way as for those times.Any postulates of equality or professionalization of women were decidedly rejected.Any attempts aimed to change women's position and hierarchy of duties were treated as attempts to violate the moral order and, consequently, the social order as well.Woman had to be exclusively a good Christian, mother and wife.Those were her fundamental tasks necessary for the functioning of society.This pattern was, as a rule, observed in Protestant families in the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries.Similar pattern was followed in Catholic communities.
EN
The aim of the study is to provide basic summary of the factors that influence the involvement of grandparents in the care for young children in the Czech families and to introduce a typology of the patterns of grandparent role. The paper presents results of both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The first part of the paper uses the data from the second wave of SHARE 1) to outline the typology of grandparents’ involvement with respect to different forms and intensity of contacts with grandchildren and the geographical proximity of family members and 2) to map how the socio-demographic factors influence the forms and intensity of involvement in the care for grandchildren. The second part of the paper focuses on the subjective experience of Czech mothers and grandmothers. 18 mothers and 12 grandmothers of children younger than 10 years were interviewed. The paper points out the existence of various conceptions of grandmothers’ role in the Czech families.
EN
The article is an attempt to reconstruct a symbolic significance of the fire in life of polish family between XIII and XVIII centuries. On the basis of analyze of rich ceremonialism, which can be found in home, household and church space, some types of this element were defined by way of example. The basic merit of a fire is its consumer value, which providing family with life was the base of assessment and creating of additional sense. In symbolic stratum the main role played a ritual fire, which being a part of receiving ritual admitted new members of community (for example, children, women) . There was a fire in magical acts and fortune-telling in everyday practice. Made cyclically or by accident purifying fire protected house and cattle from contagion, dark forces and animal pests. Fire is also a destructive power, of which man was afraid and from which protected his family. The value of flame was also an area of death. Ritual gestures and acts usually used element’s substitutes like candle, smoke, ashes and stove. The rich symbolism of fire, its multi-aspect using and great variety of forms are an evidence of importance of this element in a family’s community space.
EN
The proper functioning of the whole family depends on the properly organized life of each family. The following article is devoted to the forms of social care directed to foster families, dysfunctional, problem families and the helpless families in crises served by family assistants or coordinators of substitute care.
EN
Dogs for millennia operate alongside humans. The presence of these animals, by its universality, usually does not raise research vigilance. Meanwhile, the relationship human–dog could provide an additional resource supporting various forms and areas of human existence. However, to make this possible in a beneficial manner to all concerned parties, it is worth to analyze already existing phenomenons. Especially those related to the functioning of the family.
EN
The aim of the study is to investigate the ever referent for any society sociocultural and socio-psychological problem: how do people in Russia survive nowadays in transforming culture and family? Multigenerational families` gap and resources are analyzed. The authors are trying to give an answer to difficult questions: do couples cope with emotional problems nowadays: cheating, jealousy, loneliness? What coping strategies do families choose and how productive they are.
EN
In 2013 the Council of the Evangelical Church in Germany published a Companion Guide Zwischen Autonomie und Angewiesenheit. Familie als ver-lässliche Gemeinschaft stärken - Between autonomy and dependence – strengthening the family as a reliable community. The article presents the content of this Companion regarding families and the challenges they face, with special attention to theological analysis contained in the Companion. The article also presents the arguments for and against that have appeared in German public discussion in various milieus (academic theologians, politicians and social activists, media representatives, as well as state authorities and various church circles).
EN
After France, Great Britain has the second largest Jewish population in Europe. It is worth taking a closer look at the constantly evolving literature created by this minority. The tendency observed in recent years has been the interest of British-Jewish novelists in the subject of Jewish families from different communities. Some struggle with ultra-Orthodoxy, others are secular, while still others, as in Francesca Segal’s debut novel The Innocents, are in between the two extremes. The author decided to raise the subject of Jewish families by rewriting the acknowledged The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton.
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