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EN
This paper discusses the value system of family assistants as people who provide support on a professional basis. This issue is taken up as professionals are participating in support networks more and more frequently. These people run the most risk of professional burnout. A coherent value system helps to perform one’s everyday duties more effectively. The study aimed to examine the link between the hierarchy of values and sociodemographic determinants among family assistants. To find the answer, 40 family assistants were surveyed using the RVS. The results show that the value system is not related to sociodemographic determinants among family assistants.
EN
The aim of the study was to identify the role fulfilled by family assistants, along with the subject-matter of their tasks, obstacles they encounter, and favourable factors. Professional role was treated as a framework for professional functioning and experiences of the family assistants participating in the study. The presented material originates from five individual, semi-structured in-depth interviews with family assistants. The results of the study revealed that, to some extent, almost all assistants fulfil their own professional roles in a non-standard manner, although the statements they made have a common characteristic: awareness of the importance of trust in their joint work with families. Moreover, family assistants are characterised as experiencing some difficulties that appear to be the combination of various components. The participants verbalise the conviction that they create their professional roles themselves, which are determined, to some extent, also by the families they support, their managers, and social workers.
EN
The proper functioning of the whole family depends on the properly organized life of each family. The following article is devoted to the forms of social care directed to foster families, dysfunctional, problem families and the helpless families in crises served by family assistants or coordinators of substitute care.
EN
The family is the fundamental environment for every human being’s development. A functional family is the basic component of the common good. Presently, there are often situations when a family cannot cope with fulfilling important tasks, so it becomes inefficient, inconsiderate, and problematic. Part of the responsibility for the proper functioning of such a family is taken over by institutions and professionals supporting the family, and the family assistance profession recently joined this group. Family assistance is a “young” profession, introduced in 2012, and by the end of 2014, it was an optional solution. As of January 1, 2015, the obligation to employ family assistants was imposed on every community. The profession of a family assistant is still developing. More and more assistants are being recruited from year to year, which points to their high demand. However, the organizational context of the profession still needs to be clarified. Issues such as the competence of family assistants, their workshops, methods, tools, and qualifications are particularly important when considering the difficulty of working with a dysfunctional family. The main purpose of the article is to indicate the preferred competences and skills needed to perform the profession of a family assistant, and thus the prerequisites for improving the service quality of family assistants. The presented position results from the analysis of research carried out among family assistants in 2016–2017. Research shows, however, that there are new challenges and needs for meeting competences.
EN
The article deals with the issues of family assistance from the perspective of working with the biological family of a child placed in foster care. Family support, implemented by assistants, consists of helping to overcome difficulties in order to prevent children being taken away and placed in a foster care environment, and when this happens, focusing on seeking change and creating safe conditions for their return. Studies cited in the text indicate that biological parents face many problems, among which alcohol addiction is the most common. The assistant, working with the family, needs to perform many tasks, the effects of which depend on the involvement of parents, cooperation with other entities responsible for supporting families experiencing difficulties, and continue supporting parents after the child’s return. The article also attempts to outline the factors that increase the child’s chances of returning to the family, considering the most important aspect that is to say maintaining contact between parents and children in foster care, and cooperation between assistants and biological families, foster families, persons running family children’s homes or representatives of care and educational institutions, and all other entities within the assistance system.
EN
The article aims to present data describing social services’ cooperation for the child’s benefit from the perspective of the family assistants. Basing on the assistants’ opinions, a coherent picture of the nature of child wellness emerged. Also, the issue of meeting of not only basic, but also psychologialc and social needs is described. The study suggests the need of coorperation between family assistant and other social services’ representatives in order to obtain complementary and effective help for the families.
EN
This article attempts to analyze the attitude of family assistants towards the selected principles adopted in the proposed ethical code. The aim of the research was also to diagnose the scope of values which the respondents encountered in the course of their education and which have been selected from the presented proposal. It has been assumed that the values constitute an important tool for persons who provide professional assistance to families, affecting the level of efficiency of the tasks they perform. The research has revealed that respect for other people was the most important element for the respondents. At the same time, most of them encountered this feature in the course of their education. The following principles were also rated highly by the subjects: “treating the clients as partners and experts on their own lives”, “working with the family instead of controlling it” and “listening to people”. It seems that the principles considered the most important by the respondents in their work are also ranked as the most important ones by theoreticians dealing with the professionalization of the family assistants. The study presents only the axiological framework of the family assistance practice which, undoubtedly, requires further in-depth research. The aim of this paper was to draw the attention of the persons involved in family assistance to the issues connected with professionalization of the family assistants and to emphasize that professional ethics is an indispensable part of their work, having a decisive effect on the success of that work.
EN
The article unveils the complexity of the professional role of a family assistant as well as areas close to other social professions. In addition, it shows the character of social work, which has its roots in the assumptions of social pedagogy of the 60s of the 20th century, as well as, in a similar scope, in the current expectations for social workers. The statutory requirements of family assistance, practiced and desirable work styles of assistants in Poland are described. The article presents the situations and activities of an assistant when working with families. Emphasis is placed on the multidimensionality of assistants’ work. A family assistant, like a social worker or social educator, balances his/her professional role from an empathic attitude through a distanced care to the institutional trap. These dilemmas and paradoxes together with their types and areas are described. Moreover, the article shows examples of moral dilemmas and paradoxes of family assistants’ professional actions.
EN
The family assistant’s tasks include providing emotional and instrumental support and empowering the family in its subjectivity. As raising a child with ASD poses many specific challenges (e.g. the lack of a comprehensive system of support), the assistant should be able to guide the family to the right institutions. The aim of this article is to indicate the need for family assistants to know the specificity of autism spectrum disorder. In addition, based on the ‘For Life’ Act, the available benefits and services for pregnant women, children with ASD and their families are described, and a list of support facilities is provided.
EN
Contemporary society around the world is highly volatile and therefore any support system that responds to the real needs of people must be constantly evolving. As a result, new and innovative solutions appear in the social welfare system. However, the analysis of public policies and programs shows that many good ideas are not implemented in the daily work of employees who directly support clients. There is a resistance on their part to novelty and their openness to the implementation of new concepts is limited. The aim of the article is to analyze the phenomenon of openness to change. The study was conducted on a group of 186 social welfare workers (132 social workers and 54 family assistants). Two research categories were adopted: declared and actual openness to change. The results of the study showed that social assistance workers declare a high level of openness to change, but their measured level of real openness is actually low. Although employees declare great support for new solutions, they do, in fact, have very low tolerance for uncertainty and the ability to take risks, which is inherent in the implementation of innovations. Thus, a gap arises between the declared and actual value. This discovery is crucial for the successful implementation of innovations and may be one of the more important obstacles to its realization. It is necessary to change the current approach and broaden the activities preparing for implementation of new solutions so that the actual readiness to change of employees is at a sufficient level.
PL
With its specific way of functioning and network of interweaving interactions of various character and emotional intensity, the family is an environment where the process of a child’s socialization takes place, social personality develops and patterns of social roles are acquired. A family that malfunctions can trigger deviation mechanisms, thus considerably contributing to a child’s social maladjustment. Due to that, in case the criteria described by law are met, it is necessary to use specific assistance measures and interfere in a family’s autonomy, limit its parental authority and support it in fulfilling educational and socialization functions. Appointing a family assistant is one of the measures of limiting parental authority aimed at helping a family.
PL
Głównym zadaniem asystenta rodziny jest wspieranie jej w realizacji funkcji opiekuńczo-wychowawczej oraz pomoc w polepszeniu standardu życia tak, aby środowisko wychowawcze rodzin sprzyjało prawidłowemu rozwojowi dzieci. Wiąże się to często z poszukiwaniem rozwiązań trudnych sytuacji życiowych oraz motywowaniem do konstruktywnych zmian. Asystent rodziny powinien prowadzić z klientem dialog w taki sposób, aby wytwarzać relację współpracy i chęć do działania na rzecz domu i rodziny. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie, jakie transakcje zachodzą pomiędzy asystentami rodziny a klientami. Wykorzystałam model stanów Ja do analizy sekwencji transakcji.
EN
The main task of a family assistant is to support the family in realizing the care and educational function and to help in improving the standard of living, so that the family educational environment would support the proper development of children. This is often related to searching for solutions to difficult life situations and motivating for constructive changes. A family assistant should conduct a dialogue with the client in such a way as to create a relationship of cooperation and willingness to act for the benefit of the home and family. The aim of this article is to determine what type of transactions occur between family assistants and clients. The ego-state model has been used to analyze transactional sequences in the article.
PL
Od 1 stycznia 2015 r. na każdą gminę został nałożony obowiązek zatrudniania asystentów rodzin. Niezależnie od tej powinności profesja asystenta rodziny rozwijała się w wielu gminach przez poprzednie trzy lata. Asystent rodziny to zawód „młody”, został wprowadzony w 2012 r. i do końca roku 2014 był rozwiązaniem fakultatywnym. Głównym celem artykułu jest wskazanie przesłanek do usprawnienia pracy asystentów rodziny oraz rekomendacji zmian związanych z funkcjonowaniem asystentów w systemie pomocy społecznej. Prezentowane stanowisko wynika z analizy badań przeprowadzonych w 2016 r. wśród asystentów rodziny, w wyniku których został m.in. zaprezentowany zakres wykonywanych przez nich usług. Autorka stara się odpowiedzieć na pytania: czy instytucja asystenta rodziny okazuje się być skuteczną formą wsparcia? Jak nałożony na gminy obowiązek przyczynia się do zmiany systemu wsparcia rodzin? Jakie wyzwania i nowe potrzeby pojawiają się w związku z pracą asystentów rodziny?
EN
Since the 1st of January 2015, every municipality has been obliged to employ family assi- stants. Apart from this obligation the profession of a family assistant developed in many municipalities during the previous three years. A family assistant is a “young” profession, introduced in 2012 and by the end of 2014 was an optional solution. The main aim of this article is to point out reasons to improve the quality of family assi- stants work and to formulate recommendations for changes related to the functioning of assistants in the social welfare system. The article is based on the analysis of research conducted in 2016 among family assistants. The research reveals new challenges and needs, but also presents the range of services offered by family assistants. Does the family assistant profession turns out to be an effective form of support? How does it contribute to changes in the family support system as being the municipal obli- gation? What challenges and new needs arise in connection with the work of family assistants? The author seeks to answer these questions the presented text.
EN
Family assistant is a new form of social service functioning as part of family support system. An assistant works with families for limited amount of time, not only to help them in solving their problems, but also to make them self-reliant in overcoming future hardships, especially those concerning children care and upbringing. A family assistant’s work can be performed under a services agreement governed by specific regulations. Some of the workers employed under flexible forms of work are content with the possibilities it offers. They combine services agreement with fulltime employment, education, taking care of a child or an elderly person. However, a large group of people are dissatisfied with their current working conditions. Unfortunately, family assistants often belong to the latter group. They possess the factual competences required to perform their work, and chose employment under services agreement because they had no alternatives. They have to face negative consequences of working under a civil law contract. This article present the family assistants’ working conditions and resulting consequences for workers and beneficiaries, and family assistant’s occupation professionalization. Key­words: fam­ily assis­tant, flex­i­ble forms of work, precariat
PL
W systemie pomocy rodzinie funkcjonuje nowa służba społeczna nazwana asystentem rodziny. Asystent pracuje jedynie przez pewien czas z rodziną, nie tylko żeby pomóc rozwiązać jej problemy, ale aby w przyszłości samodzielnie potrafiła pokonywać trudności życiowe, zwłaszcza dotyczące opieki i wychowania dzieci. Praca asystenta rodziny może być wykonywana w ramach umowy o świadczenie usług, do której stosuje się przepisy dotyczące zlecenia. Istnieje grupa pracowników zatrudnionych w ramach elastycznych form zatrudnienia, która jest zadowolona z takiej możliwości organizowania pracy. Członkowie tej grupy łączą pracę na umowę o świadczenie usług z pracą na etacie, edukacją, opieką nad dziećmi lub seniorami. Jednak obok tej grupy mamy do czynienia z bardzo licznym gronem osób, które nie są zadowolone z aktualnych warunków pracy. Niestety, do tej grupy osób należą również asystenci rodziny. Mają kompetencje merytoryczne do wykonywania zawodu, a podjęły się pracy na zlecenie z braku innych możliwości. Borykają się z negatywnymi konsekwencjami zatrudnienia na umowę cywilno­prawną. W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowane zostały warunki pracy tych asystentów oraz wynikające z nich konsekwencje dla pracowników, beneficjen­tów i profesjonalizacji zawodu asystenta rodziny.
15
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EN
In the era of contemporary transformations of social life, the interest in the issues of help and support given to children and families in their living environment is growing more and more often. People who are professionally involved in supporting families in difficult life situations are the family assistant and social worker. The model of mutual actions directed to families proposed by them will mainly contribute to their improvement in functioning and to achieving universally understood well-being. There is no doubt, therefore, that the area of ​​influence of the social worker and the assistant should be both cohesive and flexible, so that social problems, peculiarities of clients and the specificity of individual tasks that these professions stand in the process of professional support for contemporary families. Therefore, both the family assistant and social worker should undertake consistent coping strategies at work and seek opportunities for interdisciplinary cooperation in the following areas: education and professional development; 2) the area of ​​methodical action in the aspect of diagnosing and using common tools of work, (social projects); 3) area of ​​values ​​and features of professionally assisting people, conditioning the quality of support provided.
PL
W dobie współczesnych przeobrażeń życia społecznego coraz częściej wzrasta zainteresowanie problematyką pomocy oraz wsparcia udzielanych dziecku i rodzinie w ich środowisku zamieszkania. Osobami profesjonalnie zajmującymi się wsparciem rodzin znajdujących się w trudnych sytuacjach życiowych są asystent rodziny i pracownik socjalny. Proponowany przez nich model wzajemnych działań skierowanych do rodzin będzie sprzyjał ich poprawie funkcjonowania oraz osiągnięciu powszechnie rozumianego dobrostanu. Nie ulega zatem wątpliwości, że obszar oddziaływań pracownika socjalnego i asystenta powinien być zarówno spójny, jak i elastyczny, by problemy społeczne, osobliwości klientów oraz specyfika indywidualnych zadań, przed jakimi stoją te profesje, wpisywały się w proces profesjonalnego wsparcia współczesnych rodzin. Dlatego też zarówno asystent rodziny, jak i pracownik socjalny powinni podejmować spójne strategie radzenia sobie w pracy oraz poszukiwać możliwości interdyscyplinarnego współdziałania w następujących obszarach: 1) edukacja oraz doskonalenie zawodowe; 2) metodyczne działanie w aspekcie realizacji diagnozy i wykorzystanie wspólnych narzędzi pracy, tj. projektów socjalnych; 3) wartości i cech osób profesjonalnie pomagających, warunkujących jakość świadczonego wsparcia.
EN
Cooperation of a social worker and a family assistant is conducive to effective social work with a family. This is especially true in situations in which previous efforts made by welfare workers have been unsuccessful. The responsibilities of social workers have been dealt with in the literature on numerous occasions but have never been subjected to in-depth analyses covering the cooperation of social workers with family assistants. A family assistant supports a family so that it can overcome difficulties, especially those concerning children. The assistant accompanies parents in introducing changes that will make it possible for their children to develop properly. Unlike social work, the work of an assistant is characterised by a high level of individualisation at work due to the fact that there are fewer recipients of that work. On the other hand, social assistant’s work is similar to a social worker’s work in that the social assistant’s task is to boost family members’ sense of agency and the quality of their lives. The aim of the family assistant’s activities is largely to make the family self-reliant and to make the children stay in the family. The article endeavours to discuss the scopes of the social worker’s and family assistant’s roles within the family support system.
PL
Efektywnej pracy socjalnej z rodziną sprzyja właściwa współpraca pracownika socjalnego z asystentem rodziny. Zharmonizowanie ich zadań jest ważne szczególnie w sytuacjach, w których dotychczasowe działania przedstawicieli służb społecznych nie przyniosły satysfakcjonujących rezultatów. Zadania pracownika socjalnego, wielokrotnie opisywane w literaturze, nie doczekały się pogłębionych analiz obejmujących wspólne działanie z asystentem rodziny. Asystent wspiera rodzinę tak, by mogła pokonywać trudności życiowe, zwłaszcza dotyczące dzieci, oraz towarzyszy rodzicom we wprowadzeniu zmian umożliwiających prawidłowy rozwój ich potomstwa. W przeciwieństwie do pracy socjalnej cechą właściwą asystowaniu jest wysoka indywidualizacja działań, możliwa dzięki mniejszej liczbie świadczeniobiorców. Podobnie do pracownika socjalnego asystent ma na celu zwiększenie poczucia wpływu członków rodziny na własne życie, przyczyniając się do podniesienia poziomu jego jakości. Optyka asystenta rodziny ogniskuje się głównie na jej usamodzielnieniu i pozostawieniu dzieci w ich naturalnym środowisku, obejmując szeroko rozumianą pedagogizację. W artykule podjęto próbę omówienia zakresów ról pracownika socjalnego i asystenta rodziny w systemie wspierania rodziny.
EN
The main purpose of the article is to draw attention to the need for cooperation between a family assistant and a speech therapist, which rarely occurs. An assistant is another profession called to work with a family in the area of support. "The main task of an assistant is to support parents in the proper fulfillment of their caring and educational functions and shaping the skills of family members in finding solutions to life difficulties" (Krasiejko, 2016, p. 5). Therefore, work in this profession requires continuous expansion of competences and their adaptation to the needs of those under their care. The article introduces one of the topics that a family assistant can meet in his work and which can be a challenge for him, mainly the topic of the correct and incorrect development of a child's speech. Stages of speech development were discussed, with particular attention to preschool children. The presented description of the course of speech development (normative - delayed - disturbed) will allow the family assistant to catch an early deviation from the norm, draw the child's guardians attention to the need for a speech therapy assessment of speech development and to help in organizing consultations with a speech therapist. As a result of the examination, the speech therapist will decide whether to start therapy and refer you to specialist examinations (e.g. audiological, ENT, orthodontic, psychological).
PL
Artykuł w swej treści obejmuje problematykę asystenta rodziny, od strony charakteru jego pracy, przedstawienia najważniejszych celów i zadań oraz obowiązków i wyzwań zawodowych. Asystent rodziny jest bowiem zawodem nowym, funkcjonującym w systemie pomocy społecznej, ukierunkowanym na profesjonalizm i zarazem wielostronność działania na rzecz rodzin przeżywających trudności życiowe. Na wstępie pracy zaznaczono społeczny aspekt zawodu, zaś w części zasadniczej scharakteryzowano profesję asystenta rodziny od strony celów, zadań i rodzaju realizowanych obowiązków zawodowych oraz najczęściej przyjętych sposobów działania. Ukazano również dylematy związane z wykonywaniem zawodu asystenta rodziny oraz jego perspektywy na przyszłość. W badaniach zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, stosując jako narzędzie badawcze kwestionariusz ankiety. Badaniami objęto czterdzieści osób będących klientami pomocy społecznej oraz 60 asystentów rodziny i pracowników socjalnych. Przedstawiono również szczegółowe wnioski wypływające z tych badań, dotyczące istoty i postrzegania pracy asystenta rodziny przez ludzi korzystających z jego pomocy oraz przez samych asystentów rodziny / pracowników socjalnych. Całość kończy podsumowanie, podkreślające znaczenie zawodu zarówno w realiach współczesnego życia, jak i w kontekście prowadzonej przez państwo polityki prorodzinnej.
EN
The article covers the issues of the family assistant, concentrates on the nature of his work, presents the most important goals and tasks as well as professional duties and challenges. The family assistant is a new profession, functioning in the social welfare system, aimed at professionalism and at the same time multilateral action for families experiencing life difficulties. At the beginning of the work, the social aspect of the profession was marked, while in the main part the profession of the family assistant was characterized while concentrating on the objectives, tasks and type of professional duties performed, as well as the most commonly adopted methods of action. Also, the dilemmas related to the profession of family assistant and its prospects for the future were taken into consideration. The research used the method of a diagnostic survey, using a questionnaire as a research tool. It covered 40 people who are social welfare clients and 60 family and social worker assistants. Therefore, the article presents the specific conclusions of these studies regarding the nature and perception of the work of a family assistant by the families he helps and by the family assistants / social workers themselves. The work as a whole ends with a summary emphasizing the importance of the profession both in the realities of modern life and in the context of the state-oriented pro-family policy.
EN
The purpose of this article is to present an example of social innovation in projects financed by European Social Fund (ESF) and discuss problems related to using experiences of social innovation in the process of systemic change in social policy. Social innovation is defined as a new and better way of resolving social problems. The article is a part of broader author’s research on social innovation in social policy in Poland. The theoretic point of research is related to the theory of the utility-based evaluation proposed by the team of the Centre for Evaluation and Analysis of Public Policies of Jagiellonian University in Cracow. The first part includes definitions of social innovation and detailed description of the process of social innovation. The second part of the paper outlines the results of the case study on family’s assistant described as a social innovation in social services in Poland in 2008. The family’s assistant model was prepared during innovative project in 2004–2008 (in the EQUAL Programme). In the third part the author discusses the role of social innovation in the process of systemic change in social policy. The author believes that social innovations occur in the ESF projects but their potential is not properly used in the social policy. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that the ESF project could be a kind of live laboratory for systematic change in social policy. She proposes to improve the management of knowledge about social innovation and describes assumptions for the system of diffusion of social innovation.
PL
Tematem rozważań artykułu są innowacje społeczne rozumiane jako nowe i lepsze sposoby rozwiązywania problemów społecznych, pojawiające się w projektach finansowanych ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego (EFS) w Polsce. Artykuł jest częścią szerszych badań autorki, dotyczących procesu tworzenia, wdrażania oraz upowszechniania innowacji społecznych w polityce społecznej w Polsce. Teoretycznym punktem odniesienia badań są koncepcje ewaluacji opartej na kryterium użyteczności. Przedstawiono tu wyniki analizy wybranego projektu innowacyjnego realizowanego w latach 2004–2008, którego przedmiotem było przygotowanie i przetestowanie modelu działania asystenta rodziny. W pierwszej części artykułu zostały zaprezentowane definicje dotyczące innowacji społecznych oraz procesu ich tworzenia i wdrażania. Następnie zostały omówione wyniki studium wyżej wymienionego projektu – pod nazwą „Druga Szansa”. Kolejna część odnosi się do wykorzystania doświadczeń wybranego projektu innowacyjnego w procesie wprowadzania zmian do systemu pomocy społecznej. Ich zakres dotyczy nowego zawodu asystenta rodziny, wprowadzonego Ustawą o wspieraniu rodziny i pieczy zastępczej z dnia 9 czerwca 2011 roku. Autorka proponuje stworzenie systemu dyfuzji innowacji społecznych, którego funkcją byłoby zarządzanie wiedzą oraz wsparcie procesu wdrażania zmian w polityce społecznej na poziomie lokalnym.
EN
A family assistant profession in the light of existing rules was implemented to social assistance in Poland in 2012. However, the origins of it dates back long before. This is a profession, consisting to a large extent in helping people overcoming life difficulties, improving the functioning of family members in different activity areas. The aim of the current article was an overview of the publications presenting research on the professional role of the family assistant. The researchers worked on many areas of the assistantship introduced in Poland. It may include not only putting a family assistantship into practice but also a research letting evaluate its effectiveness according to specified criteria. They were also interested in the possibilities to shape competencies in the training process of the family assistants as well as their professional burn-out. There are also analysis related to perception of family assistants, forms of their employment or professionalization. The publications presented contain a lot of aspects constantly related to family assistantship, there are also such which present only one area of the research concerning a specific role of the family assistant. The range of presented publications is quite wide, but it let us choose the areas for deeper analysis.
PL
Zawód asystenta rodziny w świetle obowiązujących przepisów został wprowadzony do pomocy społecznej w Polsce w 2012 r., początki jego istnienia datuje się jednak dużo wcześniej. Zawód ten w dużej mierze polega na udzielaniu pomocy w przezwyciężaniu trudności życiowych rodzin oraz poprawie funkcjonowania jej członków w różnych obszarach. Celem artykułu był przegląd publikacji prezentujących badania poświęcone roli zawodowej asystenta. Badacze zajmowali się wieloma obszarami wprowadzonej w Polsce asystentury. Zalicza się do nich realizację asystentury rodziny oraz badania pozwalające na ocenę jej efektywności według ustalonych kryteriów. W polu zainteresowań znalazły się także możliwości kształtowania kompetencji w procesie szkolenia asystentów rodzin oraz radzenia sobie z wypaleniem zawodowym, jak również analizy związane z postrzeganiem asystentów rodziny, formami zatrudnienia czy profesjonalizacji zawodu asystenta. Opisane publikacje zawierają wiele aspektów stale związanych z asystenturą rodziny, lecz są też takie, które przedstawiają jeden obszar badań, dotyczący specyficznej roli asystenta rodziny. Zakres prezentowanych publikacji jest dość szeroki, pozwala jednak na wybranie obszarów do głębszej analizy.
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