Search results

1

Integration of Agricultural Production in Polish Constitutional System

100%

Mikołajczyk J.

Studia Iuridica

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2016

|

vol. 66

237-250

EN

The essence of the agricultural law is related to agricultural activities and is regulated in private law; whereas public law specifies the aims and conditions of performing these activities. The Stat is obliged to establish law supporting family farms in economic, social and financial aspects; and to introduce legal regulations protecting the interests of the owners of such farms. The principle of the family farm should be a sign-post and reference for all state authorities in their implementation of any tasks, duties and obligations . The acceptance of the normative value of Article 23 of the Constitution leads to the reconstruction of a norm ordering: 1) to recognize that the family farm is the dominant type of subjects carrying out agricultural production; 2) to prefer the dominant position of the family farm by different legal regulations, in particular tax and succession law. Polish doctrine of agricultural law has not solved the problem, whether Article 23 of the Constitution of 1997 has a juridical function of the agricultural sphere, and its formulations are guidelines for normal legislature and are binding directly for all citizens, authorities and institutions; or the regulation is a general clause, enabling free interpretation by law makers and law executors, even closer to an ideological manifest than to a strictly legal text . The lack of regulation concerning the status of a farmer as an entrepreneur is explained with historical events, the present regulations based on industrial law of 1927 and treating of farming activity not as earning for profit but only for the satisfaction of the needs of a family; on the other hand, the lack of such regulations is the result of uniform agricultural policy and development vision of agriculture.

2

Kontrowersje wokół modelu spłat z gospodarstwa rolnego

100%

Mikołajczyk J.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2014

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vol. 12

77-95

EN

Legal solutions of the model of repayment of farm shares emphasise the significance of the financial function of family farms. The present wording of Article 216 § 1 of the Civil Code is a strong expression of such an approach. Repayment has become a general institution, in terms of its admissibility; repayment can be obtained by co–owners independent of fulfilling any subjective conditions. The provisions of Article 216 § 1 of the Civil Code, in its present wording, lead to a conclusion that this solution was aimed more for the protection of ownership than for the development of farms as agricultural production units. No doubt that the need for the protection of a family farm cannot have the same meaning in different situations. The priority of the financial function is not expressed in all cases by the hierarchy of objectives. In some situations, the priority is the protection of production interests. This results from the content of Article 216 § 2 of the Civil Code, stipulating the possibility of the reduction of repayment of farm shares. Obviously, Article 216 § 2 of the Civil Code is based on economic arguments. Such an approach is correct; yet, if the protection of a family farm is the basis of the agricultural system the role of a farm as a production unit must not be exposed. The interests of co–owners deprived of their ownership rights by the reduction of the repayment of farm shares must also be taken into consideration. I find the solution of Article 216 § 2 of the Civil Code preferential for that co–owner who takes over the farm. It must be accented once again, however, that co–owners are not treated as equal subjects. I find this fact positive from the economic point of view, doubts arise if you analyse the position of co–owners from the point of view of the guarantee of ownership.

3

Gospodarstwa rodzinne w USA – status, znaczenie i aktualne problemy

100%

Blajer P.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2014

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vol. 12

97-119

EN

The article discusses a wide range of issues concerning an American conception of the family farm, taking into account its historical genesis and current approach of US institutions and American doctrine. In this context, the author aims to verify traditional argument, that family farms constitute the basis of American agriculture. An attempt to achieve above-mentioned purpose of the paper affects strongly its construction. In the first part of the article, the Author describes American notion of the “family farm” and its numerous definitions within US state and federal law, as well as doctrinal statements. The second part of the paper is devoted to the importance of small family farms to the American economy and to the role, which these units actually play in the American agriculture. Furthermore, the Author makes an attempt to indicate the most important problems that currently face small family farms in the US. Finally, in the last part of the article, the Author tries to describe the methods of family farms support, which is provided by different public entities – first of all United States Department of Agriculture, but also state legislatures and court jurisdiction (case-law).

4

Przetarg ograniczony przy sprzedaży gruntów z Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa a wsparcie gospodarstw rodzinnych (wybrane zagadnienia)

100%

Michałowski R.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2014

|

vol. 12

167-178

EN

One of the main directions of activities conducted by the Agricultural Property Agency is to support agricultural farms. The most significant manifestation of such activities, aimed at supporting this objective, is the sale of land from the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury to individual farmers who wish to enlarge their family farms, under a restricted tender procedure. Although the Act on the Management of the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury also provides for other categories of entities – i.e. other potential participants of such restricted tenders, the procedures aimed at individual farmers are of the greatest importance in the Agency’s activities in this field. However, it should be noted that the statutory regulation concerning tenders for the sale of land with a view to supporting family farms is not complete and does not provide for any legal instruments designed not only to ensure that the land will be acquired by persons with adequate qualifications, but also that such land will be used by the purchaser for the conduct of agricultural activity. Therefore, the Agency introduces appropriate clauses into agreements with such purchasers in order to ensure that agricultural activity is conducted on the land acquired by them. However, the acceptability of such clauses may raise reasonable doubts.

5

Przeciwdziałanie nadmiernej koncentracji nieruchomości rolnych przy sprzedaży gruntów z Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa

100%

Michałowski R.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

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2012

|

vol. 10

503-512

EN

The main purpose of this paper is to analize few selected aspects of the article 28a of the Act on management of the agricultural properties owned by the State Treasury. It is one of the legal instruments aimed at prevention against excessive concentration of agricultural properties. Important issue is to verify opinions formulated in the legal doctrine regarding to legal sanctions associated with above mentioned regulation. Author states, that violation of that legal norm causes nullity of sale contract. There are no justified reasons to assume another concept formulated in legal doctrine. Particulary, the author disagrees that it is norm without a sanction. Paper deals also with the problem of the definition of family farm in the legal regulation of tender procedure conducted by Agricultural Property Agency. Family farm is defined in the act on formation of agrarian system and it is not necessary to create different definition exclusively for tender procedure regulation.

6

Miejsce rodzinnego gospodarstwa rolnego w obrocie rolnym (zagadnienia wybrane)

100%

Stefańska K.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

|

2012

|

vol. 10

92-104

EN

To the concept of a family farm, constituting under article 23 of the Constitution, the basis of the agricultural system, the legislator refers in a number of legal acts. Among these laws are those that are of particular importance for the structural transformation of agriculture, and also concern trading of agricultural land. In the essay it was attempted to determine the place of a family farm in this legal regulation. Analysis carried out in this field shows there is a lot of inconsistency in enacted in this area legal regulations. The legislator refers primarily to proprietary market, builds a model of agricultural holding mainly on property law, while in the Act on forming rural system indicates that the family farm is a farm run by, for example, the leaseholder. Family farm is treated rather instrumentally to agricultural trade, rather than as a value that should be subject to special protection.

7

Integration of Agricultural Production in Polish Constitutional System

100%

Mikołajczyk J.

Studia Iuridica

|

2016

|

vol. 66

237-250

EN

The essence of the agricultural law is related to agricultural activities and is regulated in private law; whereas public law specifies the aims and conditions of performing these activities. The Stat is obliged to establish law supporting family farms in economic, social and financial aspects; and to introduce legal regulations protecting the interests of the owners of such farms. The principle of the family farm should be a sign-post and reference for all state authorities in their implementation of any tasks, duties and obligations . The acceptance of the normative value of Article 23 of the Constitution leads to the reconstruction of a norm ordering: 1) to recognize that the family farm is the dominant type of subjects carrying out agricultural production; 2) to prefer the dominant position of the family farm by different legal regulations, in particular tax and succession law. Polish doctrine of agricultural law has not solved the problem, whether Article 23 of the Constitution of 1997 has a juridical function of the agricultural sphere, and its formulations are guidelines for normal legislature and are binding directly for all citizens, authorities and institutions; or the regulation is a general clause, enabling free interpretation by law makers and law executors, even closer to an ideological manifest than to a strictly legal text . The lack of regulation concerning the status of a farmer as an entrepreneur is explained with historical events, the present regulations based on industrial law of 1927 and treating of farming activity not as earning for profit but only for the satisfaction of the needs of a family; on the other hand, the lack of such regulations is the result of uniform agricultural policy and development vision of agriculture.

8

Koncentracja kapitału a efektywność finansowa gospodarstw rodzinnych

88%

Bereżnicka J.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

|

2015

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issue 3(344)

88-100

XX

The paper presents research findings concerning financial efficiency in the context of capital concentration in the economy. The research was based on farm data collecting information on accounting for 2004-2011. The research shows that returns, obtained by farms more intensively gathering capital, are below the weighted average cost of capital.

9

O własności rolniczej w kontekście zmian w obrocie własnościowym prywatnymi gruntami rolnymi

88%

Truszkiewicz Z.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

|

2017

|

vol. Studia Iuridica Agraria, 2017, tom XV

EN

It is difficult to imagine socio-economic relations without property. Ownership can be understood differently: narrowly – as a right within the meaning of civil law and broadly – as in fact any right belonging to a person that together with other rights forms property of this person. Therefore, ownership is of interest to almost all branches of law, including constitutional law. As a consequence, ownership can be regarded as a single right, especially within the meaning of the Civil Code, or as institution that includes ownership rights and associated obligations. Nowadays, these obligations become more and more important because property is regarded as a social function and not only as an absolute right of the owner. The social perspective of ownership makes the property differentiated by its object. In this way various legal regimes of ownership are created, including agricultural property of great social significance. Agricultural property is a basic element of the agricultural system that is constitutionally based on a family farm. The state, shaping the agricultural system in the assumed way, regulates the agricultural system accordingly. This is done, among others, by the Act of 2003 on the shaping of the agricultural system that also defines a family farm. However, the Act, contrary to its title, regulates only the transfer of ownership of agricultural lands and farms. The provisions of the Act raise serious objections both in terms of assumptions and in terms of applied legal solutions. The source of these defective regulations, after the transformation of the political system at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, is a fact that in Poland the model of the agricultural system has never been developed.

10

Acquisition of State-owned Agricultural Land – Remarks to the Amendment to the Act of Agricultural Land Management by the State Treasury (Selected Issues)

75%

Perzyna A.

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

|

2017

|

vol. 26

|

issue 1

EN

The introduction of the new regulations limiting the sale of the agricultural land from the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury is aimed at counteracting the non-agricultural use of agricultural land. New regulation can raise questions, i.e. as to moratorium concerning the sale of land. New rules of tender and new restrictions concerning land area procured from the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury are described. This article also discusses issues regarding legal consequences of the violation of new regulations. Also, new contractual obligations of the buyers of the state agricultural property need to be described.

PL

Wprowadzenie nowych przepisów ograniczających sprzedaż nieruchomości z Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa ma przeciwdziałać nierolniczemu wykorzystywaniu gruntów rolnych. Nowa regulacja może jednak budzić wątpliwości interpretacyjne, zwłaszcza jeżeli chodzi o zakres moratorium na sprzedaż nieruchomości. Wskazywane są nowe reguły przetargu oraz nowy kształt ograniczeń w zakresie areału nieruchomości nabywanych od Agencji Nieruchomości Rolnych. Artykuł porusza także kwestie konsekwencji naruszenia regulacji ustawowej. Opisania wymaga dodatkowo kształt nowych obowiązków umownych nakładanych na nabywców państwowych nieruchomości rolnych.

11

Kwestia ochrony rolnictwa rodzinnego w systemie rolniczego ubezpieczenia społecznego.

75%

Puślecki D.

Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny

|

2020

|

issue 1

55-75

EN

The purpose of the present article is to answer the question to what extent the agricultural social security system provides protection for family farming. It is the issue of family protection, which, when running a farm together, provides subsistence for its members. These problems cannot be considered in isolation from the subject of insurance protection and characteristic features of farming in family farms. In conclusion, the author states that due to the lack of a rational definition of a family farm, poor implementation of constitutional norms in other legal acts, including the agricultural social insurance system, protection of this category of farms in Polish law is insufficient. Taking into consideration the peculiarity of work in agricultural activity, family- based agriculture is offered too little protection in the insurance act. The security of the existence of a farm requires special protection of the entities working in it, and it is implemented mainly through the appropriate quality of services provided. There is now a need for the appropriate protection of a family-based farming, not only in terms of the subject matter and functionality, but in terms of personal scope, above all.

PL

Celem opracowania jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, na ile system rolniczego ubezpieczenia społecznego chroni rolnictwo rodzinne. Chodzi tu o zagadnienie ochrony rodziny, która prowadząc wspólnie gospodarstwo rolne, zapewnia utrzymanie swoim członkom. Zagadnień tych nie sposób rozważyć w oderwaniu od przedmiotu ochrony ubezpieczenia i charakterystyki prowadzenia działalności rolniczej w rodzinnych gospodarstwach rolnych. W konkluzji autor stwierdza, że z uwagi na brak racjonalnej definicji rodzinnego gospodarstwa rolnego, słabej realizacji norm konstytucyjnych w innych aktach prawnych, w tym w rolniczym systemie ubezpieczenia społecznego, ochrona tej kategorii gospodarstw w prawie polskim jest niewystarczająca. Ze względu na swoistość pracy w działalności rolniczej zbyt słabo w ustawie ubezpieczeniowej ustawodawca chroni rolnictwo rodzinne. Ochrona bytu gospodarstwa rolnego wymaga szczególnej troski o podmioty w nim pracujące, a urzeczywistniana jest głównie poprzez odpowiednią jakość uzyskiwanych świadczeń. Zachodzi zatem potrzeba należytej ochrony rodzinnego gospodarstwa rolnego, nie tylko w ujęciu przedmiotowym i funkcjonalnym, lecz przede wszystkim podmiotowym.

12

Geneza i rola gospodarstw rodzinnych w rolnictwie polskim

75%

Kapusta F.

Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu

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2013

|

issue 2 (23)

151-167

EN

The concept of the family farm operates in everyday speech since the emancipation of peasants. Its definition introduces first the Act of 11 April 2003 on shaping of the agricultural system, which provides that a family farm is an entity that is maintained by an individual farmer and the total area does not exceed 300 hectares of agricultural land. Family farms in Poland have come a long and deep transformation under the influence of political, economic and demographic factors. The aim of this paper is to present the origins and role of family farms with particular emphasis on years 2003-2009, i.e. in times of the European Union. The development is based on literature research and statistical information. The collected material was developed and interpreted by a number of methods, and in particular: a compa- rative method in the form of horizontal and vertical, and statistical analysis. Family farms in agriculture in Poland emerged as a result of the emancipation of peasants in the feudal period of transition to a capitalist economy. This process took place in the period of the partitions, and on the principles established by the partitioning powers. Enfranchisement began early in the Prussian partition (1808), followed by Galicia (1848), and by the Polish Kingdom (1863). After World War I Polish parliament voted three times a law on agrarian reform: 1919, 1920 and 1925, resulting in the further shift of land from private to peasant estates and the emergence of new family farms. Further development of family farms followed after World War II as a result of the Land Reform decree of 6 September 1944, and Land Use of the Recovered Territories of 13 November 1945. Overall it can be stated that until 1949 the shaping of agricultural system took place and the foundations of the agrarian structure in Poland followed. Year 1950 as a result of the Census provides us with information about the state of family farms to which we can make a comparison of their further development. Subsequent changes in family farms happened as a result of non-uniform state policy towards them; decline in years 1950-1956, the recovery in years 1956-1960, the weakening economy until 1970, and then the reconstruction of these households until 1989. Large changes in the functioning of these farms occurred at the beginning of the nineties of the twentieth century as a result of: the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, solution of State Farms and the flow of resources to family farms and reduction of the range of co-operatives in agriculture. New impetus to the economy brought pre-accession and post-accession period to the European Union: agricultural subsidies, production quotas for certain agricultural products, increase in competitiveness through the opening of agricultural markets to foreign products. In these conditions the economic development of family farms progresses coupled with the decreasing number of farms, simplification of the investment and production, and the development of specialized production. There are variations in the share of family farms in the production of various products; increased role in the production of most products is observed. The exception is: potato, pigs number, the production of animals for slaughter and production of chicken eggs, in which areas family farms decrease their share. Today’s economy is undergoing a process of adaptation to the conditions of the Common Agricultural Policy and the EU Rural Development, adjusted by national circumstances.

13

Dylematy w definiowaniu rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych (na przykładzie Polski)

75%

Sikorska A.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

|

2014

|

issue 4(341)

31-49

EN

The aim of the paper is to characterise Polish individual farms in terms of compliance of their characteristics with definition of the family farm that is used in socio-economic sciences. The main source of the analysed data were surveys conducted in intervals of several years (most recently in 2011) in the same 76 villages across Poland. The sampling of villages for the surveys was deliberately selected to make the characteristics of the analysed farms proportional to the actual structure of agricultural holdings in Poland, both at the national level and across regions. It was found that Polish individual farms (ie. those operated by natural person and with total area of agricultural land of 1 ha and more) fully meet the eligibility criteria for the group of family farms. However, the fragmentation of agrarian structures in most cases does not allow them to achieve income parity and therefore their economic functions are limited.

14

Rola rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych w rozwoju rolnictwa i obszarów wiejskich w Polsce: stan i perspektywy

71%

Zolotnytska Y.

Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie

|

2021

|

vol. 58

|

issue 1

43-58

EN

The article presents the role of family farms in the development of rural areas in Poland. The analysis has shown that Poland is an excellent example of how a comprehensive rural development policy can lead to a successful modernisation of agriculture. The study of the stages of the formation and current state of family farming in Poland enabled the author to outline key factors of its development. It has been established that a family farm has interrelated functions: commercial-production, social, environmental, cultural-civilisational, and settlement- rural. It has been proven that family farms are a dominant driving force behind rural development and the formation of food and environmental security and socio-economic stability in Poland. The mechanism for managing agricultural development, in line with the European Union’s (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), is based on the key factors of sustainable rural development: economic, social, and environmental, which ensure improved farmer welfare and socio-economic stability, environmental protection, and humane treatment of livestock. A concept of rural development was proposed, based on the development of family farming, which made it possible to take into account not only the principles of the market mechanism but also to reduce the anthropogenic impact of man on nature and to contribute to the achievement of socio-ecological balance.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono rolę gospodarstw rodzinnych w rozwoju obszarów wiejskich w Polsce. Analiza wykazała, że Polska jest doskonałym przykładem tego, jak kompleksowa polityka rozwoju obszarów wiejskich może prowadzić do udanej modernizacji rolnictwa. Badanie etapów formowania i aktualnego stanu rolnictwa rodzinnego w Polsce pozwoliło na zarysowanie kluczowych czynników jego rozwoju. Ustalono, że rodzinne gospodarstwo rolne pełni wzajemnie powiązane funkcje: komercyjno-produkcyjną, społeczną, środowiskową, kulturowo-cywilizacyjną i osadniczo-wiejską. Udowodniono, że rodzinne gospodarstwa rolne są dominującą siłą napędową rozwoju obszarów wiejskich oraz kształtowania bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego i środowiskowego oraz stabilności społeczno-ekonomicznej w Polsce. Mechanizm zarządzania rozwojem rolnictwa, zgodnie ze Wspólną Polityką Rolną (WPR) Unii Europejskiej (UE), oparty jest na kluczowych czynnikach zrównoważonego rozwoju obszarów wiejskich: gospodarczym, społecznym i środowiskowym, które zapewniają poprawę dobrostanu rolników i stabilności społeczno-ekonomicznej, ochrony środowiska i humanitarnego traktowania zwierząt gospodarskich. Zaproponowano pojęcie rozwoju obszarów wiejskich, które opiera się na rozwoju rolnictwa rodzinnego, co pozwoliło uwzględnić nie tylko zasady mechanizmu rynkowego, ale także ograniczy antropogeniczne oddziaływanie człowieka na przyrodę i przyczyni się do osiągnięcia równowagi społeczno-ekologicznej.

15

Polskie rolniczki jako menedżerki

63%

Drąg Z., Gorlach K.

Studia Socjologiczne

|

2019

|

issue 4(235)

129-156

PL

Artykuł podejmuje kwestię równości płci w rodzinnych gospodarstwach rolnych w Polsce. Zawód rolnika uznawany jest za typowo męski, a rodzinne gospodarstwo rolne za przedsiębiorstwo, w którym uwidocznia się segregacja płci. Nie oznacza to, że kobiety mają ograniczony dostęp do zawodu, a jedynie, że pełnią w nim drugoplanowe role. Domeną mężczyzn są prace polowe i funkcje kierownicze, a zadaniem kobiet jest pomoc w gospodarstwie i praca w domu (gettoizacja). Ostatnio zaobserwować można proces zwiększania udziału kobiet na funkcjach kierowniczych. Czy jest to oznaką osiągania równowagi płci w zawodzie rolnika (integracja zawodowa)? Autorzy analizują wyniki reprezentatywnych badań rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce z lat 1994–2007 i roku 2017. Stawiają tezę, że wzrost udziału rolniczek-menedżerek jest konsekwencją zmian na pozarolniczym rynku pracy. Nie jest to jednak wystarczająca podstawa do stwierdzenia procesów integracyjnych płci w rodzinnych gospodarstwach rolnych.

EN

The article tackles an issue of gender equality in Polish family farms. Farming is considered a typically male occupation. Family farms are perceived as businesses with a strong gender segregation. This does not mean that women have limited access to farming but rather that they play secondary roles in it. Men primarily work in the field and usually occupy managerial positions while women do auxiliary jobs and take care of the household (ghettoization). Recently the process of feminization in managerial positions can be observed at farms. We pose a question if this process is conductive to gender equality in farming (occupational integration)? The data from the representative research conducted in the years 1994–2007 and 2017 are used to answer this question. Our findings indicate that the increasing number of women in managerial positions is mainly an outcome of changes in the labor market. This does not constitute a sufficient basis to maintain that gender integration in family farms in Poland takes place.

16

Wyniki ekonomiczne gospodarstw polowych większych obszarowo o różnej formie prawnej

63%

Czarnota P., Kambo K., Olewnik E.

Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego

|

2012

|

issue 2(68)

67-78

EN

The study presents the production and economic results of two groups of farms differing in legal form. The structure of production, costs, assets as well as liabilities of individual farms and legal entities was analyzed and compared. The analysis was performed on the basis of data collected under the System for Collection and Use of Accounting Data from Farms in 2010. Despite the fact that two groups of farms with the same production direction, economic potential and characterized by a similar crop structure were analyzed, due to a different legal form, they were characterized by different results. Farms with legal personality achieved better results in terms of productivity, while individual farms achieved a higher value of income per full-time employee.

PL

W opracowaniu zaprezentowano wyniki produkcyjne i ekonomiczne dwóch grup gospodarstw rolnych różniących się formą prawną. Przeanalizowano oraz porównano strukturę produkcji, kosztów, aktywów jak również pasywów gospodarstw indywidualnych i z osobowością prawną. Analizę wykonano na podstawie danych zebranych w ramach Systemu Zbierania i Wykorzystywania Danych Rachunkowych z Gospodarstw Rolnych w 2010 roku. Pomimo, iż analizowano dwie grupy gospodarstw o tym samym kierunku produkcji, potencjale ekonomicznym oraz charakteryzujące się podobną strukturą upraw to ze względu na inną formę prawną charakteryzowały się one odmiennymi wynikami. Gospodarstwa z osobowością prawną osiągnęły lepsze wyniki pod względem produktywności, natomiast gospodarstwa indywidualne osiągnęły wyższą wartość dochodu w przeliczeniu na osobę pełnozatrudnioną.

17

Konstrukcja gospodarstwa rodzinnego na tle konstrukcji gospodarstwa rolnego w Kodeksie cywilnym i ustawie o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego

63%

Gała P., Łobos-Kotowska D., Stańko M.

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

|

2021

|

issue 2(29)

201-214

IT

L’articolo si propone di definire i presupposti giuridico-costituzionali ed economici della costruzione giuridica di un’azienda a conduzione familiare sullo sfondo di quella di un’azienda agricola nel codice civile e nella legge dell’11 aprile 2003 sul regime agricolo. Nell’articolo è stato dimostrato che la disposizione dell’art. 23 della Costituzione è solo una dichiarazione politica, una sorta di manifesto ideologico. Affinché sia riconosciuta come norma direzionale, il legislatore ordinario dovrebbe completarla con contenuti adeguati. A questo proposito, non è sufficiente basare la definizione di un’azienda a conduzione familiare sulla necessità di limitare la compravendita degli immobili agricoli prevista nella legge sul regime agricolo. È necessario creare una costruzione moderna e al passo con i requisiti attuali. I cambiamenti dovrebbero andare in una direzione attentamente studiata, tenuto conto della politica agricola dello Stato.

EN

The aim of the article is to determine the legal, constitutional and economic assumptions of the legal construction of a family farm in the context of the construction of an agricultural holding in the Civil Code and in the Act of 11 April 2003 on shaping the agricultural system. It has been shown that the provision of Article 23 of the Constitution constitutes only a system declaration, a kind of ideological manifesto. In order for it to be recognised as a directional norm, it should be filled with the relevant content. A definition of a family farm as formulated in the Act on shaping the agricultural system is not sufficient in this respect. It is necessary to formulate a modern construction of such a holding which will meet the requirements of today. However, the direction of these changes should be carefully planned taking into account the agricultural policy of the state.

PL

Celem rozważań jest określenie założeń prawno-konstytucyjnych i ekonomicznych konstrukcji prawnej gospodarstwa rodzinnego na tle konstrukcji gospodarstwa rolnego w Kodeksie cywilnym i ustawie z 11 kwietnia 2003 r. o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego. W artykule wykazano, że przepis art. 23 Konstytucji RP stanowi jedynie deklarację ustrojową, rodzaj manifestu ideologicznego. Aby został uznany za normę kierunkową, ustawodawca zwykły powinien wypełnić go stosowną treścią. Niewystarczające jest w tym zakresie zdefiniowanie gospodarstwa rodzinnego na podstawie ograniczeń w obrocie nieruchomościami rolnymi w ustawie o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego. Konieczne jest stworzenia nowoczesnej i odpowiadającym współczesnym wymogom konstrukcji takiego gospodarstwa. Kierunek tych zmian powinien być jednak przemyślany i uwzględniający politykę rolną państwa.

18

Instrumenty prawne reglamentacji obrotu nieruchomościami rolnymi w Polsce na tle regulacji wybranych państw europejskich

63%

Czechowski P., Niewiadomski A.

Studia Iuridica

|

2017

|

vol. 72

87-100

PL

The article presents selected legal instruments affecting the turnover of agricultural real estate in Poland. Changes since 2016 have introduced not only a new legal regime, but also numerous restrictions on the purchase of agricultural real estate. In some respects, they correspond to the resolution of the European Parliament, which encourages EU Member States to protect the agricultural nature of real estate. The current legal status, however, significantly affects the Treaty free movement of capital. In addition, it limits constitutionally protected property. The Polish regulations have been presented against the background of the regulations of selected European countries.

19

Društveno odgovorno poslovanje u agroturizmu Republike Hrvatske

63%

Gregoric M., Somodi D., Kovacic T.

Obrazovanje za poduzetništvo - E4E : znanstveno stručni časopis o obrazovanju za poduzetništvo

|

2020

|

vol. 10/1

24-39

HR

Predmet istraživanja ovoga rada je primjena društveno odgovornog poslovanja u agroturizmu, „seljačkom turizmu“ ili „turizmu na obiteljskim poljoprivrednim gospodarstvima“ u Republici Hrvatskoj. Cilj je istražiti trendove društveno odgovornog poslovanja kroz poduzetničke aktivnosti u turističkom sektoru koji se odnosi na obiteljska poljoprivredna gospodarstva s tendencijom njihova razvoja u kombinaciji s određenim kontekstualnim čimbenicima. Metode korištene u ovome radu su povijesna, metoda analize i sinteze, indukcije i dedukcije te empirijska kvantitativna metoda putem instrumenta strukturiranog upitnika na uzorku poduzetnika koji posluju kao seoska obiteljska gospodarstva (OPG) na području Republike Hrvatske. Također su provedeni i dubinski intervjui s predstavnicima i vlasnicima obiteljskih poljoprivrednih gospodarstava. Prikupljeni podaci obrađeni su deskriptivnom statistikom te je provedena analiza primjene društveno odgovornog poslovanja u tom segmentu turističke ponude. Praktična implikacija istraživanja je da se društveno odgovorno poslovanje ne smije zanemarivati jer je ona pretpostavka za postizanje poslovne konkurentske prednosti u kombinaciji s promjenom nacionalne kulture primjenjivanja društveno odgovornog poslovanja u agroturizmu.

EN

The subject of this paper is the application of corporate social responsibility in agritourism, “peasant tourism” or “tourism at family farms” in the Republic of Croatia. The aim is to explore the trends of corporate social responsibility through entrepreneurial activities in the tourism sector that relate to family farms, with the tendency of their development in combination with certain contextual factors. The methods used in this paper are the historical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and empirical quantitative method using a structured questionnaire instrument on a sample of entrepreneurs operating as rural households (OPGs) in the Republic of Croatia. In-depth interviews were also conducted with representatives and owners of family farms. The collected data was processed with descriptive statistics and an analysis of the application of socially responsible business in this segment of tourism. The practical implication of the research is that socially responsible business must not be neglected because it is a prerequisite for achieving competitive advantage and should be combined with the change of national culture with regards to applying socially responsible business in agritourism.

20

Pozycja prawna młodego rolnika w Polsce w świetle rezolucji Parlamentu Europejskiego z 29 maja 2018 r.

62%

Litwiniuk P.

Przegląd Prawa Rolnego

|

2020

|

issue 2(27)

53-73

IT

La risoluzione del Parlamento europeo del 29 maggio 2018 sull'attuazione degli strumenti della PAC a favore dei giovani agricoltori nell'UE dopo la riforma del 2013 richiama l'attenzione degli organi dell'UE e delle istituzioni europee, nonché dei governi degli Stati membri, su un problema fondamentale che riguarda una adeguata formazione e salvaguardia riguardo alla posizione dei giovani agricoltori all’interno della legislazione dell’UE e delle regolazioni nazionali. L'articolo, oltre a spiegare le ragioni per le quali la risoluzione è stata adottata, presenta anche le raccomandazioni rivolte al Consiglio, alla Commissione europea, alla Corte dei conti, nonché ai governi e ai parlamenti degli Stati membri. Inoltre, l'autore analizza gli strumenti di sostegno a favore dei giovani agricoltori, adottati in Polonia, i quali favoriscono il ricambio generazionale nelle zone rurali. Nella parte conclusiva, è stato appurato che le soluzioni giuridiche adottate siano inefficaci, mentre il loro carattere è frammentario e non complementare.

EN

The European Parliament Resolution of 29 May 2018 on the implementation in the EU of CAP tools for young farmers after the 2013 reform draws the attention of EU bodies and European institutions as well as the governments of the Member States to the significant problem of adequate forms and safeguards for the position of young farmers provided for in EU legislation and national regulations. The article presents the reasons for the adoption of the resolution and the recommendations addressed to the Council, the European Commission, the Court of Auditors and the governments and parliaments of the Member States. An analysis of the instruments developed to support young farmers in Poland and facilitate a generational change in rural areas was conducted and it has been found that despite certain unquestionable achievements to date, Polish legal solutions are still largely ineffective, fragmentary and incomplete.

PL

Rezolucja Parlamentu Europejskiego z 29 maja 2018 r. w sprawie wdrażania narzędzi WPR dla młodych rolników w UE po reformie z 2013 r. zwraca uwagę unijnych organów i europejskich instytucji, a także rządów państw członkowskich, na istotną potrzebę należytego ukształtowania i zabezpieczenia pozycji młodych rolników w unijnym prawodawstwie oraz w regulacjach krajowych. W artykule zostały zaprezentowane motywy przyjęcia tej rezolucji oraz zalecenia skierowane do Rady, Komisji Europejskiej, Trybunału Obrachunkowego, a także rządów i parlamentów państw członkowskich. Autor przeprowadził analizę stosowanych w Polsce instrumentów wsparcia młodych rolników, sprzyjających przemianom pokoleniowym na obszarach wiejskich. W podsumowaniu sformułował twierdzenie, że dotychczasowa krajowa polityka, kreująca system wsparcia młodych rolników, mimo niewątpliwych osiągnięć, może być w wielu aspektach uważana za nieefektywną, a stosowane rozwiązania prawne uznawane za fragmentaryczne i wobec siebie niekomplementarne.

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