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1

JĘZYK I TOŻSAMOŚĆ W RODZINIE TRANSNARODOWEJ: STUDIUM PRZYPADKU

100%

Wąsikiewicz-Firlej E.

Neofilolog

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2016

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issue 47/2

155-169

EN

The following paper analyses child language socialization in a multilingual transnational family from the perspective of the emerging concept of family language policy (FLP). The central assumption of FLP is the crucial role of parents’ language ideologies in their children’s language socialization and construction of their widely-understood identity. The participants of the undertaken case study were three members of a Polish-Japanese family residing in the UK. The inquiry was based on a series of semi-structured interviews with individual family members and cyclical observation of the whole family over the period of 13 months. The results showed certain discrepancies between the language ideologies and practices of the parents, as well as difficulties in managing the family’s language policy that was to a large extent shaped by the child’s individual preferences and educational needs, often irrespective of the parents’ plans or intentions. Generally, the study reported essential difficulties in maintaining the child’s multilingualism due to a limited use of the minority languages (Japanese and Polish) at the cost of the majority language (English).

PL

The following paper analyses child language socialization in a multilingual transnational family from the perspective of the emerging concept of family language policy (FLP). The central assumption of FLP is the crucial role of parents’ language ideologies in their children’s language socialization and construction of their widely-understood identity. The participants of the undertaken case study were three members of a Polish-Japanese family residing in the UK. The inquiry was based on a series of semi-structured interviews with individual family members and cyclical observation of the whole family over the period of 13 months. The results showed certain discrepancies between the language ideologies and practices of the parents, as well as difficulties in managing the family’s language policy that was to a large extent shaped by the child’s individual preferences and educational needs, often irrespective of the parents’ plans or intentions. Generally, the study reported essential difficulties in maintaining the child’s multilingualism due to a limited use of the minority languages (Japanese and Polish) at the cost of the majority language (English).

2

Socialization of Language Through Family Language Policy: A Case Study

94%

Kayam O., Hirsch T.

Psychology of Language and Communication

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2014

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vol. 18

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issue 1

53-66

EN

Challenges of heritage language maintenance and benefits of bilingualism have been widely acknowledged. Heritage language maintenance research most oft en focuses on heritage languages in English-dominant societies. This paper presents a case study on family language policy experiences, strategies, and outcomes led by an American-born mother in her effort to maintain and promote English, her heritage language, within the home in the Hebrew-dominant environment in Israel

3

Two sociolinguistic perspectives on multilingual families

83%

Sherman T., Hromadová M., Özörencik H., Zaepernicková E., Nekvapil J.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2016

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vol. 77

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issue 3

202-218

EN

Recent years have witnessed organized efforts to utilize social approaches to multilingualism in research on families, and thus to further delimit the multilingual family as a particular field of inquiry. This overview focuses on two recent such endeavors, a special issue of the journal Language Policy entitled “Family Language Policy” (Curdt-Christiansen 2013) and a special issue of the journal Multilingua entitled “Multilingual Communication in Binational Families: Negotiating Languages, Identities and Everyday Tasks” (Ogiermann 2013). In this text, we review the contributions to these issues in detail and explore how each issue contributes to the conception and shaping of the multilingual family as the object of analysis. We consider the paradigms employed and characterize how the two journal issues complement one another. We suggest that, in addition to the family as a research focus and the presence of multiple languages, they are connected by the presence of metalinguistic behavior. The idea emerges, then, that what is understood through the lenses of policy and interaction might be more coherently interpreted through the lens of language management in the sense of Jernudd & Neustupný (1987).

4

Lithuanian language discourses and family language policies of Lithuanian families in Sweden: A case study

83%

Bissinger F. H.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2019

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vol. 43

EN

Lithuanian language discourses and family language policies of Lithuanian families in Sweden: A case studyThis case study shares first insights of the family language policy of a Lithuanian family in Sweden. It identifies Lithuanian language discourses that might affect this policy and analyses discourse strategies applied by the family members. The aim is to shed some new light on the negotiation processes of family language policies that either support the maintenance of an ethnic language as the means of intra-family communication in immigrant contexts or, conversely, work against it. Applying a linguistic ethnographical approach, the study indicates that in this case the family language policy is mostly shaped by the mother in a protective and monolingual way in order to foster the maintenance of the Lithuanian heritage in anticipation of an external threat for Lithuanian language and identity. Litewskie dyskursy językowe a polityki językowe litewskich rodzin w Szwecji. Studium przypadkuNiniejszy artykuł przedstawia wstępne uwagi analityczne dotyczące polityki językowej litewskiej rodziny mieszkającej w Szwecji. Autor identyfikuje litewskie dyskursy językowe, które mogą mieć wpływ na jej politykę językową, i analizuje strategie dyskursu stosowane przez jej członków. Celem studium jest nowe spojrzenie na procesy negocjacji rodzinnych polityk językowych (family language policies), które mogą być pomocne w utrzymaniu ojczystego języka jako środka komunikacji w rodzinach emigrantów lub temu nie sprzyjać. Przedstawione badania opierają się na metodach etnografii lingwistycznej (linguistic ethnography) i wykazują, że w tym przypadku rodzinna polityka językowa jest kształtowana głównie przez matkę, jest jednojęzyczna i ma charakter ochronny – jest nakierowana na zachowanie litewskiego dziedzictwa kulturowego w związku z przewidywanymi zagrożeniami zewnętrznymi dla języka litewskiego i tożsamości litewskiej.

5

Navigating the cumulative effects of family language policy during childhood for immigrant youth in Canada

71%

MACCORMAC M., MACCORMAC K.

Society Register

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2021

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vol. 5

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issue 2

31-56

EN

One of the most influential decisions that immigrant parents must make for their children involves establishing a set of rules and norms governing what language(s) they will be raised with and how they will acquire proficiency in the dominant languages of the host society, a process known as family language policy. Such decisions can have long lasting effects for immigrant children into adulthood by influencing their integration into the host society and transition towards adult life. Using retrospective, in-depth interview data collected from young immigrant adults, this study explores the ways that parental decisions made throughout an immigrant child’s life course regarding language use and learning shape their multilingual identity and attitude towards the use of multiple languages in their everyday adult life. Findings suggest that the linguistic decisions parents make in the early years of an immigrant youths’ life have lasting impacts on them in terms of connecting to family members and culture in adulthood. We found that when parents created either a flexible or strict family language policy, such policies produced more positive experiences in the migration and early settlement process for immigrant youth compared to those whose parents did not form a family language policy.

6

Rodzinna polityka językowa. Strategie komunikacyjne w wychowywaniu dzieci trójjęzycznych

60%

Murrmann J. M.

Socjolingwistyka

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2019

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issue 33

193-207

PL

Niektórzy rodzice, zmotywowani lub zmuszeni okolicznościami życiowym, nie poprzestają na bilingwalnym wychowaniu, lecz wprowadzają trzeci (lub nawet czwarty i kolejny) język do repertuaru językowego swoich dzieci. W specjalistycznej literaturze naukowej oraz poradnikowej poświęca się zagadnieniu symultanicznej akwizycji trzech języków oraz wczesnej ekspozycji na trzy języki mało miejsca, gdyż są to fenomeny znacznie mniej rozpowszechnione niż dwujęzyczne nabywanie kompetencji oraz edukacja bilingwalna. W oparciu o wywiady z rodzicami dzieci trójjęzycznych, w artykule przedstawiono metody i strategie wychowywania trzyjęzycznych dzieci, będące najczęściej specyficznymi adaptacjami znanych modeli wykorzystywanych w wychowywaniu bilingwalnym. Wyniki badań mogą zainteresować zarówno językoznawców jak i rodziców zastanawiających się, jak poprowadzić proces wychowania wielojęzycznych dzieci.

EN

Some parents, motivated or forced by circumstances of life, do not stop at a bilingual education, but introduce a third (or even another) language to their children’s linguistic repertoire exposing them to trilingual (or multilingual) acquisition process. In the specialist literature and handbooks, as yet, there has been significantly less scientific exploration and scholarly attention dedicated to this field of study compared to the well researched bilingualism and dual language competences which are considerably more spread worldwide. Based on interviews with parents of trilingual children, the paper presents communication strategies used for raising trilingual children, which are often adaptations of well-known models used in bilingual education. The findings of the study may be of theoretical interest to linguists, and of practical interest to parents showing curiosity or concern about growing a multilingual family.

7

Sociolinguistic determinants of heritage language maintenance and second language acquisition in bilingual immigrant speakers

60%

Banasiak I., Olpińska-Szkiełko M.

Glottodidactica

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2020

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vol. 47

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issue 2

49-65

EN

The objective of the study was to scrutinise the determinants of heritage language maintenance and second language acquisition in immigrant speakers and assess their significance and weight.Over one hundred cases of bilingual speakers with Polish as L1 (heritage language; Polish speakers abroad) and as L2 (national language; immigrant learners of Polish in Poland) were investigated in order to better understand the linguistic changes and multilingual practices involved in the process of relocating to another country. The cases underwent quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results revealed that in most cases bilinguals are at a high risk of losing their L1, and L2 becomes their dominant language. With the dominance of L2, identification with the culture of the country of residence also increases in bilinguals. Formal instruction in L1 proves to be the most important factor in heritage language maintenance, and the preservation of a sense of identification with the heritage culture. An important role in L1 and also L2 development is played by parental support and their actions.

8

Emotions and Family Language Policy: Some Case Studies of Immigrant Families from Europe

60%

Haque S.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2023

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issue 20

353-372

EN

This paper examines the family language policies in five case studies of immigrant families in Europe, focusing on the following emotions: Pride, Joy, Sadness and Fear. Families who immigrated from India and Laos to France, Sweden, Norway and Finland expressed their first and foremost emotions over the maintenance of their heritage languages in terms of language ideologies. The principal purpose of this paper is to explore critically the role of emotions of parents and of children regarding the maintenance or loss of the heritage language and the dominant position that the host language occupies in the framework of the family language policy. With an ethnographic approach, the principal tools were interviews, recording of conversations, participant observations and field notes, which yielded significant information on language attitudes, ideologies and practices toward the host-language and heritage language. Findings show that emotions of anxiety toward enfeeblement of the heritage language were common among parents, albeit not explicitly manifested in some families. Fear of losing the heritage language amounts to fear of losing linguistic and cultural identity over which some parents were frustrated, angry and helpless. Pride and joy were other affective displays, notably related to one’s command of the host languages or powerful languages like English.

9

Nastawienia wychowawcze rodziców wobec przekazywania języka rodzimego na emigracji na przykładzie języka polskiego w Ratyzbonie

48%

Pułaczewska H.

Edukacja

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2017

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issue 4(2017)

90–105

PL

Artykuł został poświęcony tematyce rodzinnej polityki językowej i wychowaniu dziecka dwujęzycznego. W ostatnich latach oba zagadnienia stały się przedmiotem badań socjolingwistycznych. Z wykorzystaniem metodologii teorii ugruntowanej przeanalizowano wywiady z 20 zamieszkałymi w Ratyzbonie polskojęzycznymi matkami nastolatków urodzonych w Niemczech lub wychowujących się tam od wieku niemowlęcego. Uzyskano informacje na temat rodzicielskich strategii wychowania w rodzinie dwujęzycznej w warunkach rozproszonej emigracji. Kluczowym aspektem badania było wskazanie relacji między aksjologicznymi postawami wobec wychowania a postawami konatywnymi wobec przekazywania języka polskiego. W tym celu przedstawiono typologie obu rodzajów postaw rodzicielskich. Rezultaty wskazują, że wybór języka niemieckiego jako języka komunikacji rodzica z dzieckiem wynika z podporządkowania się presji społecznej lub potrzeby podniesienia efektywności komunikacji. Na koniec omówiono kwestie związane z międzypokoleniowym przekazywaniem języka polskiego na tle państwowej polityki edukacyjnej.

EN

The study is rooted in the recognition that while multilingual children are frequently the object of sociolinguistic studies, the parenting of multilinguals has not yet received the attention it deserves in its own right. We obtained an account of multilingual parenting under conditions of dispersed migration using inductive methodology to analyse interviews conducted with 20 mothers of teenagers with a Polish family background living in Regensburg, Germany since birth or infancy. The article presents a typology of the parents’ axiological attitudes to parenting, involving the relative primacy of values, such as child autonomy, child security, parent-child relations, the nation, and extended family that affect the decision of whether and to what extent the Polish language is being passed on to their children. This is followed by a related typology of conative attitudes to its intergenerational transmission. The latter does not stop at the behavioural aspects, i.e. the extent to which Polish is cultivated in interactions with the child, but also indicates the dichotomous motivations for suppressing or marginalizing Polish – submission to social pressure or communicative advantages. The key aspect of the study pertains to the relationships between the axiological attitudes to parenting and the conative attitudes towards the intergenerational transmission of Polish. Finally, it is indicated that the decision to stop using the minority language in parent–child communication, while controversial and much criticised, may be a rational response to the social risks as perceived by the parents.

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