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Archiwariusz na dnie rozlewiska

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EN
The paper is a short critical essay concerning the history of Polish nineteenthcentury fantastic and its relationships with Lithuanian and Byelorussian (Albaruthenian) folklore.
PL
The present paper aims at analyzing two novels by Dmitry Bykov: Justification(1998) and Signals (2013). On the basis of both their subject and formal representation we may state that they may be considered a dilogy. In the former the author focused on a specific problem - an alternative version of the causes, course and consequences of Stalinist repressions. The latter touches upon the issue of the existing reality anddetermination to attain goals in the context of a contemporary Russian’s mentality,which is largely affected by Soviet thinking
EN
In the article the author examines fantastic novels by contemporary Polish writers (Andrzej Maleszka, Paweł Beręsowicz, Rafał Kosik and other) for young readers in a cultural context. In his essay he uses two well-known cultural categories “myth” and “magic” to his analysis of fantastic novels. According to the author, the myth and magic have two important functions in fantastic children’s literature. First, they lead young readers to knowledge about the world and depict different, complex phenomena of cultural dimension. Second, the myth and magic create a particular space (what “engulfs” young readers) of play and entertainment. Moreover, the myth and magic attract young readers to fabulous worlds including the elements of realistic literary convention. Thereby the writers increase their credibility among the youth. A “myth-magic” in the presented word of contemporary Polish fantastic novels assures balance between incredible entertainment represented by wizards, witches, dragons and the real world with characters having various digital devices within reach.
DE
Das Volume enthält keine Abstracts in deutscher Sprache.
EN
This article focuses on the aquatic element in two fantastic Belgian texts: Médua by Maurice Carême and La Grande pitié de la famille Zintram by Anne Richter, to study different functions: first, the aquatic space evokes the geography of mist and rain of Flanders, mythical land where everything can happen and around which floats an aura of mystery. The role of this location is twofold : it creates both the effect of reality and the fantastic effect. Water also has a diegetic function. Tainted with negative value, it has a negative influence on the characters: it triggers or promotes their metamorphosis and their decay.
FR
Le présent article porte sur l’élément aquatique dans deux textes fantastiques belges : Médua de Maurice Carême et La Grande pitié de la famille Zintram d’Anne Richter, et en étudie différentes fonctions. En premier lieu, l’espace aquatique évoque la géographie de brume et de la pluie de la Flandre, contrée mythique où tout peut arriver et autour de laquelle flotte une aura d’étrangeté. Le rôle de cet ancrage est donc double : il crée à la fois l’effet de réel et l’effet fantastique. L’eau revêt aussi une fonction diégétique. Teintée de valeur négative, elle a une emprise néfaste sur les personnages : elle déclenche ou favorise leur métamorphose et, en fin de compte, leur déchéance.
RU
Том не содержит аннотаций на русском языке.
EN
The article presents censorship reviews of "Memoirs Found in a Bathtub" by Stanisław Lem written in censorship offices in Cracow and Warsaw. As a result of the reservations expressed by censors, the author added a new preface to the novel which was accepted for the publication of the book without further interference. Numerous censorship documents dealing only with one novel clarify the circumstances of writing the foreword and also provide some insight to the censors’ way of thinking, illustrate the most important control mechanisms and present formal evaluation criteria – both politically-ideological and aesthetic. The censors evaluating Lem ’s novel do not intend to go through the interpretative labyrinth of "Memoirs…"; they insist on author’s unambiguous comments which would allow to neutralise political vagueness by the 'appropriate' orientation of the novel. When accepting the new preface they seem to omit (yet it is not certain to what extant the omission is deliberate) the fact that the added foreword is another layer of the novel’s fiction and is not a meta-comment which could be considered as the voice of the author.
EN
The article Are There Monsters in Dorota Wieczorek’s Strachopolis? analyzes selected elements of the topos of fear in the aponymous IBBY-awarded children’s novel. The author is interested in the contemporary version of the topoi of fear embedded in the landscape of globalized existence affected by the phenomenon of supermarketization and consumerism. In the article, the topic of fear highlighted by Wieczorek, is reinterpreted through the prism of a number of sociological theories, notably, Marc Augé’s concept of non-places, Zygmunt Bauman’s postmodern construct of “liquid life”, and Jeffrey J. Cohen’s cultural theory of monster. In Wieczorek’s novel, “monster” is a social metaphor for the excluded whom Bauman has called homo sacer. Their societal degradation in the fairy-tale futuristic metropolis is conditioned upon the post-panopticon power, exercised as persecution of the “Other’s” ethnic and gender identity. The excluded are thus outsiders, if not the discarded “social pariahs”. Besides presenting the sociological and cultural theme of the monstrum, the article further discusses the strategy of carnivalization put forward by Bachtin. This shift leads to the victory of the Others-Monsters as subjects within the liquid modernity. It makes the novel intriguing both on the textual and didactic plane.
EN
Michel de Ghelderode, fascinated by the misty and rainy landscape of Belgium, makes of water an important element of the world presented in the collection of fantastic short stories Sortilèges (1941). The role that this element plays in the spatial structure is not only decorative and mimetic, but mainly symbolic and meaningful: sinister and dark water space conducive to the manifestations of a fantastic phenomenon, produces hallucinations and provides atmosphere of fear and terror. As in G. Bachelard, water has an ambivalent nature: it is a force both demiurge and destructive, life-giving and deadly. Combined secret relationship with supernatural, water becomes an important and distinctive compositional element of dark stories of this writer.
PL
Zafascynowany mglistym i deszczowym pejzażem Belgii Michel de Ghelderode czyni z wody ważny element świata przedstawionego w zbiorze opowiadań fantastycznych Czary (1941). Rola, jaką ów żywioł odgrywa w strukturze przestrzennej nie jest jedynie zdobnicza i mimetyczna, ale przede wszystkim symboliczna i konstruktywna: przestrzeń wodna, złowroga i mroczna, sprzyja pojawianiu się zjawisk nadprzyrodzonych, generuje halucynacje oraz wprowadza atmosferę strachu i grozy. Podobnie jak w poetyce G. Bachelarda, posiada ambiwalentną naturę: jest siłą jednocześnie demiurgiczną i destrukcyjną, życiodajną i śmiercionośną. Połączona sekretną więzią z siłami nadprzyrodzonymi, woda staje się ważnym i charakterystycznym elementem kompozycyjnym mrocznych opowieści tego pisarza.
FR
Fasciné par l’improbable géographie de brume et de pluie de la Belgique, M. de Ghelderode fait de l’eau un élément important de l’univers crépusculaire de ses contes fantastiques, publiés dans le recueil Sortilčges (1941). La fonction qu’il lui octroie n’est pas seulement ornementale et référentielle, mais avant tout fonctionnelle et significative : l’espace aquatique, sinistre et hostile, est propice au surgissement des forces maléfiques et devient générateur d’hallucinations et d’angoisses. Dans ses récits, comme dans la poétique de G. Bachelard, l’eau est une matičre primaire ambivalente et contradictoire : elle est ŕ la fois une force créatrice et destructive, démiurgique et thanatomorphe. Lié intrinsčquement au surnaturel, l’élément aquatique constitue une composante essentielle et caractéristique de la charpente des contes fantastiques ghelderodiens.
CS
Cílem studie je charakterizace fantastické literatury v širším kontextu a nástin dvou typů fantastiky s ohledem na přístup k fantastickým prvkům a na mimotextové souvislosti. Po načrtnutí komplikací spojených s pokusy o definici fantastické literatury ohraničuje fantastičnost z hlediska historického, osobního (halucinace) a ve vztahu k mytickým a náboženským textům, aby posléze představila definici intuitivní metodou s využitím Wittgensteinových rodových podobností. Následné rozdělení na vlastní fantastično a fantastično jako prostředek vyjádření ilustruje odlišné využití fantastických prvků autory spojenými s komunitou příznivců fantastiky a mimo ni, poukazuje na kognitivní mimotextová kritéria významně se podílející na hodnocení fantastických děl a rovněž na nepevnou hranici mezi oběma kategoriemi. Nakonec přistupuje ke vztahu mezi fantastickou a krásnou literaturou úhlem pohledu teorie fantastiky a upozorňuje v tomto kontextu na časté podcenění nefantastické literatury jako opisu skutečnosti. Fantastickou literaturu představuje jako komplexní fenomén uvnitř krásné literatury a nikoli jako úzce žánrovou literaturu určenou vyhraněnému čtenáři.
EN
This article examines the relationship between Rachid Boudjedra's dystopian writing and postcolonial theory exploited in his novel L’Escargot entêté ("Stubborn snail”). This particular work represents postcolonial Algerian literature and therefore stands as an emblem of hybrid aesthetics. The hybridity employed by the author - which is nothing but a utopian concept of postcolonial theory - ends up shattered in the text, thereby generating a dystopian work. To achieve this effect, the writer mixes realistic and fantastic genres, only to create a split between them, to perpetuate the image of dystopia. He uses misinformation to form cracks in the novel's intertextuality, imploding the hybridity of the writing from within. Finally, he tries to liberate Algerian literature, to separate it from French literature, creating a breach between "the periphery" and "the center".
FR
Cet article porte sur le rapport entre l’écriture dystopique de Rachid Boudjedra et la théorie postcoloniale dans son roman L’Escargot entêté. Cette œuvre fait partie de la littérature algérienne postcoloniale et se trouve, par conséquent, être l’emblème d’une esthétique hybride. L’hybridité dont use l’auteur, et qui n’est autre qu’un concept utopique de la théorie postcoloniale, finit par se briser dans le texte, générant par là une écriture dystopique. Pour ce faire, l’écrivain mélange les genres réaliste et fantastique, puis y crée une scission pour perpétuer l’image de la dystopie. Il utilise des informations erronées pour créer des fissures dans l’intertextualité du roman, en faisant imploser l’hybridité de l’écriture de l’intérieur. Enfin, il tente de libérer la littérature algérienne qu’il veut séparer de la littérature française, créant une brèche entre « la périphérie » et « le centre ».
EN
During his career as a writer, Calvino achieved a special bond with the children’s universe. He was one of the greatest Italian storytellers for adults who also explored the area of children’s literature and young adult literature and did so with sublime results. In particular, his literary approach is especially inspiring when addressing young adults. The main characters of his Our Ancestors trilogy embody some important qualities of the new contemporary man. The protagonists of The Cloven Viscount, The Baron in the Trees and The Nonexistent Knight all live, each in his own way, ‘upside down’, because they break the rules of logic. Their ‘adultness’ is characterized by the actual dimensions of unrest, ‘incompleteness’, indefiniteness, doubt, confusion, and uncertainty about the future, that is, by feelings that deeply define the archetypical elements of youth. Furthermore, their behaviour emphasizes the role of wandering which is considered a viaticum given as a means to access a different quality of life, which is certainly strange, unusual, and extraordinary, but also, precisely because of this extraordinariness, all the more authentic and rewarding. Finally, the search for humanity, differently incarnated by the three respective characters, represents the highest literary and educational values of Calvino’s narratives.
HR
Tijekom svoje spisateljske karijere Calvino je uspostavio posebnu vezu s dječjim svijetom. Bio je jedan od najvećih talijanskih pripovjedača za odrasle čitatelje koji je također istraživao područje dječje književnosti i književnosti za mladež, i to s izvanrednim rezultatima. Njegov je književni izričaj naročito inspirativan kad ga upućuje mladim čitateljima. Glavni likovi njegove trilogije Naši preci uključuju važne značajke novoga suvremenoga čovjeka. Protagonisti romana Raspolovljeni viskont, Barun penjač i Nepostojeći vitez žive, svaki na svoj način, ‘naopako’ jer krše logičke zakone. Njihova je ‘odraslost’ obilježena danas aktualnim obilježjima nemira, ‘necjelovitosti’, neodređenosti, dvojbe, zbunjenosti i nesigurnosti o budućnosti, tj. osjećajima koji dubinski određuju arhetipske sastavnice mladosti. Nadalje, njihovo ponašanje ističe važnost lutanja koje se smatra pomašću danom kako bi se dostigla drukčija kakvoća života, a koja je svakako čudna, neobična i iznimna. Međutim, upravo zbog te iznimnosti, još je u većoj mjeri vjerodostojna i zadovoljavajuća. Konačno, potraga za humanošću, na različite načine utjelovljena u trima spomenutim likovima, predstavlja najviše književne i odgojne vrijednosti Calvinovih pripovijedi.
DE
In seiner schriftstellerischen Laufbahn baute Italo Calvino eine besondere Beziehung zur Welt der Kinder und Jugendlichen auf. Er war nicht nur einer der erfolgreichsten italienischen Erzähler für Erwachsene, sondern bereicherte ebenso den Bereich der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Insbesondere erscheint seine literarische Ausdrucksweise für junge Leser außerordentlich inspirierend. Die Hauptgestalten seiner Trilogie Unsere Vorfahren verkörpern Wesenszüge des zeitgenössischen Menschen. Die Protagonisten aus seinen Romanen Der geteilte Visconte, Der Baron auf den Bäumen und Der Ritter, den es nicht gab leben – jeder auf seine Weise – ‚verkehrt’, weil sie gegen logische Gesetze verstoßen. Ihr ‚Erwachsensein’ ist von den modernen Gefühlen der Unruhe, der ‚Unganzheitlichkeit’, der Unbestimmtheit, des Zweifels, der Verwirrung und der Zukunftsunsicherheit geprägt, d.h. von Gefühlen, welche archetypisch für die Jugend stehen. In den Verhaltensweisen der Protagonisten spielt ferner das Wandern als eine Art von Salbung eine wichtige Rolle, durch die eine andere Qualität des Lebens erzielbar ist. Mag dieses Qualität auch fremd, ungewöhnlich und außerordentlich erscheinen, so ist sie jedoch gerade dank ihrer Außergewöhnlichkeit noch authentischer und lohnender. Nicht zuletzt stellt die anhand der drei erwähnten Gestalten auf unterschiedliche Weise verkörperte Suche nach Humanität die höchsten literarischen und erzieherischen Werte in Calvins Erzählgut dar.
FR
Deux versions du Horla de Guy de Maupassant, considéré comme le chef-d’œuvre du genre, ne cessent d’éveiller des controverses parmi les critiques ; les uns les traitent comme deux versions du même récit dont la seconde est censée « corriger » et compléter la première, tandis que les autres y voient deux histoires indépendantes. L’article soutient la thèse que les deux versions constituent comme deux volets complémentaires du même récit dont le premier est raconté par un homme lucide, quoiqu’enfermé, de son propre gré, dans un asile de fous ; le second volet est l’histoire dramatique et émotionnelle d’une personne en proie à des troubles mentaux de plus en plus forts, provoqués par la peur de l’invisible, l’innommable, l’inconnu. Considéré dans une telle perspective, le texte de Maupassant serait un récit autoscopique, constituant son propre reflet ; les lignes narratives divergentes et une fin différente correspondraient aux deux côtés de la personnalité du narrateur : le rationnel et l’irrationnel. Les sources de ce dualisme sont autant la biographie de l’écrivain (qui sombre peu à peu dans la folie) que la fascination particulière de l’époque pour les maladies et les troubles mentaux.
EN
The Horla, written twice, is considered as a masterpiece of a short horror story. Its two versions are still objects of critics’ arguments : some of them see in the second text an amplified and revised version of the first one, whereas others consider the two texts as two separate stories. The paper tries to consider the two Horlas as two complementary parts of the same story ; the first is told by a completely ‘normal’ person who has asked to live in a lunatic asylum, and the second, full of striking, strong emotions, is given by someone who gives up more and more to mental troubles caused by his fear of the unknown, the unnamed, the invisible. Considered in this way, the texts of the two versions of The Horla become one “autoscopic” story, which means that it is its own reflect; two narrative lines and two different endings deal with two sides, one rational ant the other irrational, of the narrator’s personality. This dualism comes as well from the writer’s biography (his gradual insanity) as from his time’s fascination of mental illnesses and anomalies.
PL
Dwie wersje opowiadania Guy de Maupassanta Horla, uważanego za arcydzieło gatunku, nie przestają wzbudzać kontrowersji wśród krytyków, spierających się, czy są to dwie wersje tego samego tekstu, z których druga ma za zadanie „poprawić” i uzupełnić pierwszą, czy też mamy do czynienia z odrębnymi historiami. Artykuł stawia tezę, że obie wersje stanowią uzupełniające się odsłony tego samego opowiadania, z których pierwszą opowiada osoba znajdująca się w pełni władz umysłowych, choć zamknięta – na własne życzenie – w szpitalu psychiatrycznym, natomiast druga stanowi pełną dramatyzmu i silnych emocji opowieść kogoś poddającego się coraz silniejszym zaburzeniom psychicznym, wywołanym przez strach przed nieznanym, nienazwanym, niewidzialnym. Widziany w ten sposób tekst obu opowiadań staje się tekstem autoskopicznym, stanowiącym swoje własne odbicie, a różna linia narracyjna i różne zakończenie odpowiadają dwu stronom – racjonalnej i nieracjonalnej – osobowości narratora. Źródłem tego dualizmu jest zarówno biografia pisarza (stopniowe popadanie w obłęd), jak i szczególna fascynacja epoki chorobami i anomaliami psychicznymi.
13
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Alice in the Land of Movies

45%
EN
The paper focuses on Tim Burton’s movie adaptation of the Alice books by Lewis Carroll. The distinction between the magical and the fantastic, and the miraculous and the wonderful that is resolved within the movie Alice in Wonderland (2010), carried within the infant nature present in Tim Burton’s grown-up Alice, redefines the standpoints of the fantastic, making child’s fantasy a literary-screen reality. In both cases, the frames of the fantastic, starting from a hint of the fictional and the wonderful, make a crossover towards the miraculous. According to Roger Caillois (1972), the fantastic expresses a scandal, a break, a strange, almost unbearable, penetration into the real world, and with its penetrations of the other side into the real world, it transforms itself into a poetics of the miraculous.
HR
Analizira se uradak Tima Burtona, filmska adaptacija knjiga o Alici Lewisa Carrolla. Razlikovanje čarobnoga i fantastičnoga, kao i čudotvornoga i čudesnoga koje se razrješuje u samome filmu Alice in Wonderland (2010), sadržano u dječjoj naravi odrasle Alice Tima Burtona, redefinira polazišta fantastičnoga, čineći dječju fantastiku književno-filmskom stvarnošću. I u književnoj i u filmskoj pripovijedi okviri fantastičnoga, polazeći od naznaka fikcionalnoga i čudesnoga, čine prijelaz prema čudotvornome. Prema Rogeru Cailloisu (1972), fantastično izražava skandal, raskid, čudno, gotovo nepodnošljivo prodiranje u stvarni svijet, a u tome prodiranju druge strane u stvarni svijet on se preobražava u poetiku čudotvornoga.
DE
Im Beitrag wird Tim Bartons Verfilmung von Lewis Carrolls Alice-Büchern besprochen. Die im Film Alice in Wonderland (2010) aufgelöste und in der Kindernatur von Bartons erwachsenen Alice enthaltene Unterscheidung zwischen dem Magischen und dem Fantastischen, dem Wunderbarem und dem Wundersamen, bestimmt aufs Neue die Standpunkte des Fantastischen, weil im Film die Kinderfantasie in literarisch-filmische Wirklichkeit verwandelt wird. In beiden Medien bilden die Rahmen des Fantastischen den Übergang zum Wunderbaren, indem sie die Spuren des Fiktionalen und des Wundersamen verfolgen. Laut Roger Caillois (1972) drückt das Fantastische einen Skandal aus, einen Bruch, ein befremdendes, beinah nicht auszuhaltendes Vordringen in die wirkliche Welt, wobei dann durch das Vordringen der anderen Seite in die wirkliche Welt diese zur Poetik des Wunderbaren umgewandelt wird.
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