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EN
The aim of the following paper is to prove that the tools applied by phenomenology of religion to the study of sacrum, i.e. various religious phenomena and manifestations appearing in our world, can be successfully applied to the study of sacrum present in the secondary worlds of modern fantasy fi ction. When applied, the phenomenological approach will contribute to a better understanding of the imaginary world and of the spiritual dimension of the heroes’ adventures, and reveal the author’s inspiration with particular religions/mythologies. The following paper, fi rst of all, provides a brief summary of phenomenology of religion as a discipline; secondly, discusses this discipline’s applicability to fantasy literature, and fi nally provides a sample study of a fantastic religion present in Guy Gavriel Kay’s Fionavar Tapestry.
EN
How to translate culture? The select fragments of the Polish and English translations of the short story Der Sandmann by E.T.A Hoffmann The article discusses the problems encountered by the translator when trying to convey the meaning of the source literary text into the target language. The analysed texts are fragments of the Polish and English translations of the short story Der Sandmann by E.T.A. Hoffmann, the leading representative of late German Romanticism, with the special attention paid to their correspondence with the source text. The analysed translations are the Polish one by Felicjan Faleński, made in 1867 and the English one by John Oxenford, made in 1844. For the purpose of analysing the text, the article employs Todorov’s theory of the fantastic for building an interpretation model of the Romantic short story Der Sandmann.
EN
The following paper analyzes how fantasy literature addresses the topic of religion. The discussion of the genre’s dependence on myths, supported by Mircea Eliade’s claims about the sacred and profane spheres of human life, offers an answer to the questions why religion is one of the most prominent themes in fantasy fiction. The analysis of a selected group of fantasy novels (the works of J.R.R. Tolkien, J. K. Rowling, C. S. Lewis, Guy Gavriel Kay, Celia S. Friedman, Jack Vance, Poul Anderson, Philip Pullman, Dave Duncan, George R. R. Martin, and Brandon Sanderson) presents various ways in which a fantasy narrative may approach religious themes: by inventing secondary religions that enrich the imaginary realm, by reworking particular religious themes and turning them into an axis of the narrative, and by supporting, promoting, or criticizing a certain faith through the means of fantasy fiction.
EN
Philip Pullman retells mankind’s archetypal memories of the Fall in his fantasy trilogy, His Dark Materials. I aim to prove that the age-old religious desire for the oneness of the sacred and the profane, as well as of spirit and matter is manifested in Pullman’s fictional mythology in a way that religion and love also turn out to be one.
EN
The article discusses issues connected with Slavic fantasy literature presented as a reflectionof mythical thinking. The examples given are works of Polish and Russian writers who create inthis genre.In order to discuss fantasy literature it is neccessary to define the genre itself, which is not aneasy task. In the article, the fantasy term is used to describe a genre of literature or film, in whichone of the most important parts of the story, keynote, time, place of action, characters andcircumstances will be magic and supernatural phenomena.The Slavic fantasy appeared in Russia and Poland in a similar period and it still developstoday. One of the factors that influenced the development of this genre was the search for Slavicroots, national identity. Those fantasy stories and novels are writings which clearly refer to thehistory and culture of the old Slavic peoples . The Slavic fantasy contains unparelled care for therealities of the epoch which is why it is sometimes called parahistoric.The article presents the typology of the Slavic fantasy by Tadeusz A. Olszański, according towhom there are three ways of presenting the Slavic plot: language stylization, culture stylizationand the so called independent worlds.Slavic fantasy is based on broad ethnographic material, especially Slavic demonology. Thecharacters of gods, spirits and beings often have a positive character.The mythical thinking in literature can be seen on several levels. On the level of the worlddescribed it takes the form of a prophecy, intervention of the gods into the lives of mortals. On theconstruction level, it shows in the way the narration is made. Third level is the heroes and theircompanions - in that case the most native mythological element of Polish and Russian fantasy isthe said demonology.
EN
This article deals with the translation of reality names in fantasy literature. Research material was collected from the novels of the Polish writer Andrzej Sapkowski and from their Russian translations. We analyzed the ways in which the names of such realities as: measures of length, weight, height, area, widely understood means of payment, holidays, time units, given names and occupations were transferred into Russian texts.
EN
This article examines the effects resulting from the interplay of the domestic and the uncanny in Susanna Clarke’s Jonathan Strange and Mr Norrell, a novel that boldly blends the conventions of the novel of manners and Gothic fiction. Analysing the selected key elements of the story, it is argued that while the uncanny is domesticated for a considerable part of the narrative, in the Gothic layer of the novel the mechanism of the uncanny is used to bring to light repressed voices. In the process, the long-established sources of inspiration for fantasy literature are rejected, and the nineteenth-century tradition of women’s writing, in both its realistic and Gothic threads, is used to reinvigorate the thematic and structural repertoire of the genre.
EN
This paper analyses the problem of ”transition” of neologisms created by the author among texts of fantasy literature. Our research is based on the texts of J. R.R. Tolkien and A. Sapkowski „Transition” of neologisms created by the author will be considered as a sort of borrowing of this kind of lexicon from already existing translations and using it in their works, where it starts to function not as equivalent, but as a part of new, created in a given language original text. It is also worth mentioning, that process of “transition” of neologisms created by the author, between different texts has quite dynamic nature. That is because it might be infinite. Equivalents created by a translator may be used by different authors, as a part of lexi
EN
The article attempts to show the role literary space can play as a carrier of values in the literary and cultural education of students. This problem will be discussed using J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit or There and Back Again fantasy novel as an example. Research on the reception of this book in Poland by contemporary teenagers and my experience with the discussed issues have motivated me to describe a few strategies for dealing with this novel in Polish language education in axiological terms.
EN
The article Reading It Still Again. A Few Words on Fairy Tales in the World of the Witcher discusses selected issues related to short stories from the volume The Last Wish by Andrzej Sapkowski, featuring the famous character of the Witcher, Geralt of Rivia. Offering a comparative close reading of The Lesser Evil and The Grain of Truth, Karolina Zastępska proceeds with contextualising the terms of, respectively, a fairy tale and a fantasy. By doing so, the author (re)approaches the narrative device of retelling, understood as here as a renarration of fairy tales, legends, themes and threads both from literary and cultural texts.
EN
Clones, artificial brains and wax statues, or about fantasize and theorize in literature and science with Gustav Meyrink in the background Meyrink This article asks about the similarity between process of writing in fantasy (here: science fiction) literature and inventing physical theories. The main meaning in both of them has the imagination of the author or scientist. Many examples show, that an author supported by physical knowledge or inspired by new technical ideas, writes text, that becomes a part of fantasy literature. The main question in this article is, if this text can loose his fiction element in the future? The possibility to answer this question give us time perspective, that we have in reading G. Meyrinks books after 100 years. We can see, if the visions of this Austrian wrtiter still fantasy are, or perhaps became reality.
Świat i Słowo
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2014
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vol. 12
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issue (2)23
213-230
EN
From the primordial times the need of religious experience has always been an inalienable human need, hence the contemporary culture proposes the return to the mythical scenarios through partial reconstruction of primeval believes and attaching new meanings to the imaginary sphere. Fantasy literature recalls the animistic model, making references to myths, magic fairy-tales, heroic epic poetry or medieval chivalry poetry. Besides the traditional roles of the myth: community creating ethnogenetic original myth, its fairy-tale nature satisfying the need of the miraculous, in modern times, as it has always been in the history of mankind, the main role is played by the myth of initiation, which enables the surrogate initiation in the virtual world of literary fiction. Fantasy worlds bring us back as far back as to the late Palaeolithic, to the magic culture to the undiversified world filled with sacrum. Contrary to this, in the science-fiction literature the role of magic is performed by science. In literary texts which combine the elements of science-fiction and fantasy (there are more and more such hybrids) the hero’s evolution, conceived as an initiation in the shamanic biographical model, leads to the higher forms of being, in which the Aliens/Others, who represent more advanced civilisations, play the structural roles of gods.
EN
In order to analyze the examples of fantasy texts translations it is indispensable to determine what fantasy literature refers to. Yet, it seems also crucial to demonstrate in what way the notion of intertextual and intercultural relations applies to the process of translation. Once these two elements are explained, it is possible to proceed to examining examples which best illustrate the theory. Red Country by Joe Abercrombie, Drood by Dan Simmons, Les Lames du cardinal written by Pierre Pevel and Brent Weeks’ The Way of Shadows show that in the fantasy text translation, intercultural relations are always present due to the fact that the fantasy world constitutes a separate culture, which must be respected. It as well as intertextuality may also be interconnected with the references to other, often exotic, cultures and other literary texts.
PL
Cykl powieściowy "Kwiat paproci" to alternatywna wizja Polski w XXI wieku. Jest w niej jednak miejsce i dla gwary okolic Kielc, gdzie osadzona jest akcja. W artykule zbadano językowe wykładniki dialektyzacji oraz stereotyp tej odmiany polszczyzny w literaturze popularnej. Autorka umiejętnie oddała cechy rzeczywistej gwary (poziom fonetyczny, fleksyjny, słowotwórczy i leksykalny), jednocześnie wpisała je w literacki stereotyp dialektu ludowego. Ciekawie przedstawia się sposób wprowadzania leksykalnych środków gwarowych, który został dopasowany do zwyczajów językowych bohaterów. Badając stosunek bohaterów do gwary, umieszczenie tej odmiany w określonym kontekście kulturowym, odtworzyć można społeczny stereotyp gwary we współczesnej Polsce.
EN
The novel series The Fern Flower is an alternative vision of Poland in the 21st century. However, there is a place in it for the dialect of the Kielce area (there is an action set in there). The article examines linguistic indicators of dialect stylization and the stereotype of dialect in popular literature. The author skilfully presented the features of the real dialect (phonetic, inflectional, word-form and lexical level), at the same time she wrote them into the literary stereotype of the dialect. Interesting is the manner of introducing dialectal vocabulary that has been adapted to the linguistic habits of the heroes. Examining the attitude of the heroes to the dialect, placing this variety in a specific cultural context, we can recreate the social stereotype of dialect in contemporary Poland.
16
Content available remote

The Antique and Modern Dimensions of Fantasy Literature

51%
EN
The following paper presents the ancient roots and modern dilemmas of fantasy literature. The first part discusses the genre’s origins in the religious and mythological texts of the antiquity, and the genre’s development until its emergence as modern fantasy literature. The second part is devoted to analyzing the modern critique of the genre (lack of realism, synonymy with children’s literature), and establishing the genre’s categories. The second part investigates the theories of J.R.R. Tolkien, Lisa Tuttle, Farah Mendlesohn and John H. Timmerman. The paper also touches upon such issues as the presence of monomyth in fantasy, the potential of sub-creation and mythopoeia, in order to explain how fantasy literature is the modern successor to storytelling.
PL
Tematem artykułu są literackie korzenie i współczesne problemy literatury fantasy. Część pierwsza omawia początki gatunku sięgające starożytnych tekstów o tematyce religijnej i mitologicznej oraz rozwój gatunku aż do wykształcenia się współczesnej literatury fantasy. Część druga poświęcona jest analizie współczesnej krytyki fantasy (brak realizmu, przyrównanie do literatury dziecięcej) i ustanowieniu wewnętrznego podziału gatunku. Część druga przedstawia teorie opracowane przez J. R. R. Tolkiena, Lisę Tuttle, Farah Mendlesohn i Johna H. Timmermana. Ponadto artykuł porusza takie kwestie jak mitopeja, wykorzystanie monomitu w literaturze fantasy oraz twórczy potencjał wtórnego stwarzania (ang. Sub-creation).
PL
The author of this paper characterizes the Polish literature translated into the Slovak language over the last few years with particular focus on the year 2017. Three genres have been translated the most: literary reportage, detective novel, and fantasy literature. What is underscored is the function of these translations in the receiving (Slovak) culture and literature, as well as the reception of the translations by scholars and readers.
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2016
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vol. 1
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issue 22-23
65-79
EN
The purpose of this article is to present the work of Trudi Canavan, one of the currently popular author of fantasy novels. Part one introduces the character of the author, development of her literary career and novels. The second part presents the results of research carried out on reading Trudi Canavan’s novels in Public Library Łódź–Polesie.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie twórczości Trudi Canavan, jednej z obecnie popularnych autorek powieści fantasy. Część pierwsza artykułu przybliża postać autorki, rozwój jej literackiej kariery oraz samą twórczość pisarki. W części drugiej przedstawione zostały wyniki przeprowadzonych badań dotyczących czytelnictwa powieści Trudi Canavan w Miejskiej Bibliotece Publicznej Łódź–Polesie.
CS
Cílem studie je charakterizace fantastické literatury v širším kontextu a nástin dvou typů fantastiky s ohledem na přístup k fantastickým prvkům a na mimotextové souvislosti. Po načrtnutí komplikací spojených s pokusy o definici fantastické literatury ohraničuje fantastičnost z hlediska historického, osobního (halucinace) a ve vztahu k mytickým a náboženským textům, aby posléze představila definici intuitivní metodou s využitím Wittgensteinových rodových podobností. Následné rozdělení na vlastní fantastično a fantastično jako prostředek vyjádření ilustruje odlišné využití fantastických prvků autory spojenými s komunitou příznivců fantastiky a mimo ni, poukazuje na kognitivní mimotextová kritéria významně se podílející na hodnocení fantastických děl a rovněž na nepevnou hranici mezi oběma kategoriemi. Nakonec přistupuje ke vztahu mezi fantastickou a krásnou literaturou úhlem pohledu teorie fantastiky a upozorňuje v tomto kontextu na časté podcenění nefantastické literatury jako opisu skutečnosti. Fantastickou literaturu představuje jako komplexní fenomén uvnitř krásné literatury a nikoli jako úzce žánrovou literaturu určenou vyhraněnému čtenáři.
PL
W opowiadaniu Błękitny syfon (1992) autorstwa Ursa Widmera wyobraźnia i uczucia wydają się grać większą rolę niż rozsądek i logika. W świat realny wpleciony jest świat fantastyczny, często granica między tymi płaszczyznami przebiega prawie niezauważalnie a czytelnik ma wrażenie, że fantazja jest tak naprawdę rzeczywistością. Narrator opowiadania i zarazem jego główny bohater odbywa zaskakującą podróż do lat swojego dzieciństwa. Pełna cudów i niespodzianek podróż w czasie rozpoczyna się w niezwykły sposób w kinie w 1991 roku, kiedy bohater, 53-letni pisarz, po projekcji filmu odnajduje się w 1941 roku w rodzinnym domu. Przez nikogo nierozpoznany obserwuje przerażonych rodziców szukających jego samego jako trzylatka, którego niania straciła z oczu w sali kinowej. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia próbę interpretacji opowiadania będącego przykładem współczesnej niemieckojęzycznej literatury fantastycznej. W tym celu znamienne wydaje się być przytoczenie najważniejszych definicji literatury fantastycznej, sformułowanych przez T. Todorova, R. Cailloisa i H.R. Brittnachera. Analiza elementów fantastycznych konstytuujących opowiadanie umożliwi uzyskanie odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakimi skutkami owocuje konfrontacja świata realnego ze światem fantazji oraz za jaką interpretacją zdarzeń opowiada się na końcu autor.
EN
In the novella „Der blaue Siphon” (1992) by Urs Widmer imagination and emotions seem to play a more important role than reason and logic. The real world intertwines with the fantastic world, the boundaries between them are almost invisible and the reader is under the impression that fantasy is actually reality. The narrator, who is also the main character in the novella, unexpectedly moves back in time to the period of his childhood. The time travel, full of wonders and surprises, begins unpredictably in a cinema in 1991, where the hero, a 53-year-old writer, after seeing a movie, finds himself at his parental home in 1941. Unrecognized by anybody, he observes his alarmed parents, looking for himself as a three-year-old, whose nurse lost sight of him at the cinema. The article attempts to present an interpretation of the novella, an example of the contemporary German-language fantasy literature. It is based on the key definitions of the fantasy literature formulated by T. Todorov, R. Caillois and H.R. Brittnacher. An interpretation of the constitutive fantastic elements provides an answer to the question about the results of the confrontation between the real and the fantasy world and the interpretation of the events supported by the author at the end of the story.
DE
In der Erzählung „Der blaue Siphon” (1992) von Urs Widmer scheinen Einbildungskraft und Gefühle eine größere Rolle als Vernunft und Logik zu spielen. Der Alltag wird ständig mit der phantastischen Welt konfrontiert, die Grenze zwischen beiden Welten aufgehoben, so dass man oft den Eindruck gewinnt, dass phantastische Ereignisse selbst zur Realität werden. Der Ich-Erzähler, der auch als Hauptprotagonist der ganzen Geschichte fungiert, unternimmt eine wunderbare und überraschende Zeitreise in seine Kindheit, die 1991 im Kinosaal beginnt. Als der Erzähler, ein 53-jähriger Schriftsteller, das Kino verlässt, wird er in seine Vergangenheit, und zwar in das Jahr 1941 an seinen Heimatort zurückversetzt,, wo er jedoch von niemandem wiedererkannt wird. Indessen suchen seine Eltern vergeblich nach ihrem 3-jährigen Sohn, der seit einem Tag verschwunden ist., es ist allerdings merkwürdig , dass der Sohn spurlos nach einem Kinobesuch verschwand, nachdem ihn ins Kino sein Kindermädchen hingebracht hatte . Der vorliegende Artikel liefert einen Interpretationsversuch dieser phantastischen Erzählung. Um einer Untersuchung des Phantastischen gerecht zu werden, lag es nun nahe, die wichtigsten Theorien der Phantastik (von T. Todorov, R. Caillois und H.R. Brittnacher) anzudeuten. Und vor diesem theoretischen Hintergrund eine Analyse des Strukturmodells des Phantastischen durchzuführen, mit der die Frage nach dem Ziel der Integration von Realem und Irrealem beantwortet sowie die Unschlüssigkeit der geschehenen Ereignisse geklärt werden konnten.
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