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ESTATUTO DA METRÓPOLE E GESTÃO DE AGLOMERADOS URBANOS NO BRASIL

100%

MOULIN S. PENALVA SANTOS A., RAMOS PRADO VASQUES P. H.

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

2016

issue 19

125-152

O Brasil está organizado como uma federação tripartite, em que os municípios lograram a condição de entes federativos e responsáveis pela política urbana. Esta, no entanto, não se resume à ordenação do uso do solo, mas também a políticas setoriais, como o saneamento, a habitação e mobilidade, que geralmente extravasam as fronteiras municipais. Nesse contexto, a lei do Estatuto da Metrópole veio preencher uma lacuna nas formas de coordenação interfederativa para a gestão de territórios que constituem aglomerações urbanas, mas não são entes federativos. Trata-se de um importante avanço normativo que, no entanto, está a espera de avanços na cooperação federativa para o financiamento dos serviços de interesse interfederativo.

Brazil is politically and administratively organized as a tripartite federation, in which municipalities have achieved the status of federative entities and are now responsible for the urban policy. This, however, is not just about land use planning, but it also concerns sectoral policies such as sanitation, housing and mobility, which often go beyond municipal boundaries. In this context, the Statute of the Metropolis Act has filled a gap in the forms of interfederative coordination for the management of territories that constitute urban agglomerations, but are not federal entities. This is an important policy development, however, which is still awaiting progress in the federative cooperation for the financing of interfederative interest services.

EL AUTORITARISMO Y EL MILITARISMO EN LA CONSOLIDACIÓN DEL ESTADO EN VENEZUELA

80%

KRZYWICKA K.

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

2012

issue 15

131-154

El presente artículo analiza los factores que tuvieron influencia sobre la formación y consolidación del Estado nacional en Venezuela en la primera mitad del siglo XX. El análisis de este problema tiene por objetivo mostrar la importancia y la influencia duradera de los condicionamientos históricos existentes en la fase de la formación del Estado sobre su futuro desarrollo, mirando desde la perspectiva de los cambios que tienen lugar en Venezuela en el siglo XXI. La autora reflexiona sobre la tesis según la cual el proceso de centralización del poder y el uso de instrumentos autoritarios para ejercerlo están condicionados históricamente y desde la consumación de la independencia constituyen un elemento de disputa sobre la distribución del poder en el marco de dos conceptos del Estado federal – descentralizado y centralizado, pero en la práctica autoritario. Para analizar el proceso de la consolidación del Estado nacional, la autora se refiere a los textos de las siete leyes fundamentales, establecidas durante el período del régimen del general Juan Vicente Gómez, las cuales se basaban, por un lado, en los principios del federalismo y, por el otro, servían a la centralización del Estado. La autora enfocará sus consideraciones en los siguientes condicionamientos: la formación de las fuerzas armadas nacionales, la centralización de los órganos de la administración estatal, el desarrollo de la legislación y el crecimiento económico basado en la explotación del petróleo.

The present article analyzes factors which had influence on the formation and consolidation of the national state in Venezuela in the first half of the 20th century. The purpose of the analysis is to demonstrate the importance and long-lasting influence of the historical conditions existing in the course of formation of the state on its future development, viewing this problem from the perspective of the changes which have been taking place in Venezuela in the 21st century. The author reflects upon the thesis according to which the process of centralization of power and the use of authoritarian instruments for executing it are historically conditioned and, since the consummation of the independence, they have become an element of dispute over the distribution of power within the frames of two concepts of the federal state – decentralized and centralized, but in practice authoritarian. In order to analyze the process of consolidation of the national state, the author refers to the texts of seven fundamental laws established during the regime of General Juan Vicente Gómez, which were based, on the one hand, on the principles of federalism and, on the other hand, they served to centralize the state. The author's considerations will be focused on the following conditions: the formation of the national armed forces, the centralization of the state administration organs, the development of the legislation and the economic growth based on the exploitation of crude oil.

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2 Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

1 2016

1 2012

1 KRZYWICKA K.

1 MOULIN S. PENALVA SANTOS A.

1 RAMOS PRADO VASQUES P. H.

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ESTATUTO DA METRÓPOLE E GESTÃO DE AGLOMERADOS URBANOS NO BRASIL

EL AUTORITARISMO Y EL MILITARISMO EN LA CONSOLIDACIÓN DEL ESTADO EN VENEZUELA