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EN
The growing problem of malnutrition has been observed in Poland for many years. This has been a growing problem in Poland. This phenomenon has been more widely observed together with progressive economic system transformation processes. Currently, about 2 million people live in extreme poverty, and 5 million are struggling with difficult living conditions. Economic poverty risk more often affects young people including children, than the elderly. There were 162 thousand of students covered by meals, i.e. 7,4% of all, 11% of children in need received no feeding, because of shortages of funds. The aim of the paper is to present a government program for feeding the population, including children and young people in Poland as well as present the results of this assistance. The article will use data of the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy on outreach programs, as well as data obtained from publications of the CSO.
EN
The present paper aims, on the basis of the literature on the subject and the surveys carried out among parents/caregivers, at defining the pre-oral phase of swallowing and its course in people with severe intellectual disability. The definitions are presented, the course of this phase and the determinants influencing its disorders are characterized. The paper also indicates the possibility of improving feeding by changing behaviour in its earliest pre-oral phase. In order to collect data to assess the most important behaviours used by caregivers when initiating feeding, surveys were conducted among the caregivers of Rehabilitation, Educational and Pedagogic Center in Pruszcz Gdański. The research is based on the group of people with a certificate of severe disability, with various dysfunctions concerning eating.
PL
W artykule, na podstawie przeglądu literatury naukowej oraz ankiet przeprowadzonych wśród opiekunów, dokonano próby zdefiniowania preoralnej fazy połykania oraz jej przebiegu u osób z głęboką niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Przedstawiono definicje, scharakteryzowano przebieg tej fazy i determinanty wpływające na jej zaburzenia. W podsumowaniu wskazano również możliwości udoskonalenia karmienia poprzez zmianę zachowań w najwcześniejszej przedustnej jego fazie. W celu zebrania danych, służących ocenie najważniejszych sposobów wykorzystywanych przez opiekunów podczas inicjowania karmienia, przeprowadzono ankiety wśród opiekunów podopiecznych Ośrodka-Rehabilitacyjno-Edukacyjno-Wychowawczego w Pruszczu Gdańskim. Badania dotyczyły osób z orzeczeniem o głębokim stopniu niepełnosprawności z różnorakimi dysfunkcjami i możliwościami w zakresie spożywania posiłków.
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