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EN
This article analyses how feelings of characters in Eilhart von Oberg’s Tristrant are portrayed by means of vocabulary describing emotions. It is concluded that negative emotions prevail in their emotional worldview.
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Nostalgia a muzyka

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PL
This article is an attempt to answer the question of what nostalgia is in music. The author makes a distinction between the emotions of the author, the performer and the recipient as well as the emotional qualities of the work itself. She also tries to describe the means of artistic expression that foster the impression of nostalgia in music.
EN
The foundation upon which St. Thomas Aquinas and Descartes based their theories of feelings is the concept of the human being. An analysis of source materials of both authors reveals that they differ in their views on what the human being actually is. While Aquinas supports the notion that the body and soul are one in the human being, Descartes first questions and then denies this, before ultimately putting forward the notion of dualism – that the body and soul are two separate substances. Both philosophers, in the scope of their concept of man, acknowledge feelings, providing them with a definition and supplying a criterion for the division and diversity of these acts. According to Aquinas, feelings are only one part of human nature (one principle of action). For Descartes, however, passions are not part of human nature but only part of man’s physical realm. A detailed analysis of basic, primeval and simple feelings can expose their ontological role in the human being: 1 feelings – according to St. Thomas Aquinas – realize what they are subject to, the whole man (a compositum of body and soul), and they do this in the way of the efficient cause; 2 feelings – in the belief of Descartes – do not realize man, who is just ‘me-soul’, but rather the unity of human existence. In a way of the efficient cause, they make a complete entity out of two, separate, complete substances (of res extensa and res cogitans).
PL
Fundamentem, na którym św. Tomasz z Akwinu i Kartezjusz oparli swoje teorie uczuć, jest koncepcja człowieka. Analiza tekstów źródłowych obu autorów ukazuje, że różnią się oni bardzo w poglądach na temat tego, kim jest człowiek. Podczas gdy Akwinata broni ‘compositum’ duszy i ciała w bycie ludzkim, Descartes podaje je w wątpliwość, następnie zaprzecza, a ostatecznie ogłasza dualizm – dusza i ciało to dwie odrębne substancje zupełne. Każdy z filozofów we właściwej sobie koncepcji człowieka wyznacza miejsce dla uczuć, podaje ich definicję, kryterium podziału oraz różnorodności owych aktów. Zdaniem Akwinaty, uczucia stanowią tylko jeden z elementów natury ludzkiej (jednej zasady działania). Dla Kartezjusza natomiast, ‘passions’ nie są elementem natury ludzkiej, a tylko częścią cielesnej sfery człowieka. Szczegółowa analiza podstawowych, pierwotnych i prostych uczuć pozwala wyeksponować ich ontyczną rolę w bycie ludzkim: 1. uczucia – zdaniem Akwinaty – aktualizują to, w czym są zapodmiotowane, a więc całego człowieka (‘compositum’ duszy i ciała), a czynią to na sposób przyczyny sprawczej; 2. uczucia – w przekonaniu Descartesa – nie aktualizują człowieka, którym jest samo ‘ja’-dusza, ale raczej jedność bytu ludzkiego. Na sposób przyczyny sprawczej, czynią z dwóch odrębnych, zupełnych substancji („res cogitans” i „res extensa”) istotę absolutnie jedną.
EN
Magdalena Płotka, known for numerous publications regarding the philosophical thought of the medieval ages, this time analyses the matter of pleasure in the texts of Aquinas. The book is an extensive study of this topic and the Author herself attempts to show the referred matter in an organised way, with a coherent language, quoting a various bibliography of the subject (for the most part in English-language). The discussed book consists of: the introduction, particular chapters which are seven in numbers, the ending and practical appendices such as the index of abbreviations, bibliography and the index of names. The first chapter titled Przyjemność i jej postacie (Pleasure and Its Shapes), contains the preliminary statements which are further developed in details in the following chapters. At first, the Latin terms which are employed by Aquinas when he speaks of pleasure are enumerated. In the second chapter Magdalena Płotka analyses the topic of pleasure as feeling. Above all she speaks of feelings of the appetitive faculty and then she turns to the comparative study of pleasure and joy. The purpose of this comparison is to answer the question whether we may classify them – pleasure and joy – as feelings. Next, the third chapter, titled: Formalno-materialna struktura przyjemności (Formal-material structure of pleasure) is dedicated to a comparative study between pleasure spiritual and corporeal. In the fourth chapter we find issues regarding the reason and purpose (aim) of pleasure. The fifth chapter offers study on the moral context of pleasure. In this chapter there are included such topics as eutrapelia and sexual pleasure. In the sixth chapter the Author speaks of issues regarding the aesthetic dimension of pleasure. It poses a question whether beauty can be a source of pleasure and in what way. The last, seventh chapter, concerns the topic of pleasure which is the participation of the saved. Thereby the entire domain of responses of human appetitive faculty has been explained, encompassing also the whole human compositum including human condition after death.
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2021
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vol. 8
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issue 1
27-42
EN
Playing a game does not mean that we are doing something childish and useless. Using a new technology to express our feelings and raise the awareness of social issues does not mean we cannot call it art. If we go back in time, we can realize that there has always been a resistance to novelty and machines. Sometimes, they were even considered harmful. The same life cycle happens with video games: they are valuable in many ways, they are far more developed than they were twenty years ago, and they have even reached a stage where we can find art in them. But how can they be art? Is the answer in the story or in the audiovisual elements?  
EN
The specific impact of music on a person is examined by such scholars as A. Vyhotskyy, O. Kostyuk, V. Medushevskyy, B. Nazaykynskyy, S. Rappoport and others. They have drawn their attention to the phenomenon of human creativity, which is called artistic way and linked to associative and creative thinking of a person. The essence of the process of artistic and creative thinking formation in teaching guitar to the results of synthetic and imaginative understanding (including art) was organically included into the structure of personality, combined with his own human experience, and transformed his relation to the world. They began to share their “I”. The question of the content and orientation of information that activates perception of artistic works in music pedagogy were studied by O. Apraksina, B. Asafiev, N. Hrodzenska, D. Kabalevskyy, V. Ostromenskyy, O. Rostov, V. Shatska etc.). Based on analysis and understanding of mental processes the sensations and memories were used taking into account the laws of classical mechanics to sound production, subject teaching experience in this area and developed a system of learning to play classical guitar and modern methods of studying music. The feeling is one of the simplest cognitive mental processes. When playing the instrument every musician independently uses one of the following senses: visual, auditory, tactile or sense of touch, sense of movement, and various internal sensations that are responsible for the status of various bodies including muscle and are closely connected to emotional states. All these feelings interact. With different groups of sensations in their interaction with each other operate and develop other important mental processes: perception, representation, memory, imagination, thinking, attention, emotions, etc., which are of great importance in music lessons. Thus, acceleration of musical and technical development promotes guitarist’s competent and rational organization of educational process, allowing systematic approach to the problem of improving the technical skills of students-guitarists necessary for the full development of performance culture and art and creative students’ activity. In order to achieve the best results it is necessary that the process of development had systemic and developmental character and creativity.
EN
This paper analyses selected images from Hanneriina Moisseinen’s autobiographical graphic novel “Isä / father.” The aim here is to investigate the new dimension added by the unusual form (based on the use of techniques like collage and embroidery) to Moiseinnen’s comic. The analysis is based on Georges Didi-Huberman’s theoretical reflections, which emphasize the “visuality” (“visual”) and materiality of images, and Hermann Schmitz’s concept of “bodysphere” (“ciałosfera”). In this paper, I try to consider not only the connections between bodysphere, space and feelings, but I also investigate the role memory plays in the community.
EN
This paper is an attempt to sketch out the idea how to conjoin the physiological perspective with the philosophical perspective in the full account of human emotions. It discusses cognitive and phenomenological aspects of emotions and deploys the James-Lange argument against the claim that mental states causally precede physiological occurrences in the body. Given the results of this discussion and taking into account two medical diseases known as orthostatic hypotomy and lock on syndrome, it is argued that the James-Lange conception of the causal direction of stimuli may provide a strong clue to the solution of the philosophical problem concerning the direction of causation between mind and body.
EN
This paper is an attempt to sketch out the idea how to conjoin the physiological perspective with the philosophical perspective in the full account of human emotions. It discusses cognitive and phenomenological aspects of emotions and deploys the James-Lange argument against the claim that mental states causally precede physiological occurrences in the body. Given the results of this discussion and taking into account two medical diseases known as orthostatic hypotomy and lock on syndrome, it is argued that the James-Lange conception of the causal direction of stimuli may provide a strong clue to the solution of the philosophical problem concerning the direction of causation between mind and body.
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2017
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vol. 19
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issue numer specjalny
521 - 532
EN
Consecrated persons are to point the way to God and to bear witness by their own life to the existence of eternal life. For that reason such persons can-not allow their interior life to lose its supernatural dimension. Yet this is the kind of loss which takes place when spiritual progress is turned into a psycho-logical quest. Such is the consequence of moving the formational process in religious life from virtues to feelings. It causes the candidate to religious life to develop a relativistic worldview, with the end result being the further protestantization of Catholicism as a move toward a horizontal faith based on feeling and subjective experience of the faith. Only a return to virtues in an evangelical life immersed in the Beatitudes can lead to the revitalization of religious life and the increase of its attractiveness. A return to virtues will equip the consecrated person with the tools needed to face all trials and tribulations.
EN
The article highlights issues related to the offense of religious feelings in the context of the main symbol of Christianity: the cross. Feelings in general, including religious feelings, are not imaginary. They play an important role in the lives of both individuals and the community. They motivate a person’s moral choices. There is no religion without feelings. Above all, insulting religious feelings is an offense against religious freedom. A deliberate public insult to a believer’s feelings is a violation of the law. There are several ways to offend religious feelings relating directly to a believer and his or her worship activities as well as sacred places. The most important symbol of Christianity, the cross, is often used by certain circles hostile to religion in general and Christianity in particular, deliberately seeking to offend religious feelings. In this way, it becomes a favored object of offense that is easy to manipulate.
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76%
EN
The article is devoted to the semantic motivations of the names of feelings. Its aim is to prove that when one researches semantic motivations one discovers the original associations connected with referents, in this case, feelings. In order to present the problem in an accessible way the most legible of the names were chosen for the analysis – especially those which acquired the meaning of a feeling by way of metaphor. The names whose structure is clear but which lost their legibility due to lexicalisation were also considered.
EN
The perspective of symbolic interactionism shifted the concept of identity to the dynamic field of interaction where the “I” element has to find a balance between the internal and external environment of the organism. Thus the identity finds itself in perpetual motion, as the subject of continuous change and reconstruction of the social world. The study shows the possibility of a new perspective on the relationship between communication and integration. It uses the latest findings in the field of neurobiology and interpretation of biological and socially constructed emotions (especially A. Damasio) and integrates them into a new paradigm. It attempts to clarify the influence of emotionality and socially constructed emotion on behavioural outcomes and also points out the importance of pragmatic competence in the process of intersubjective experience creation. It also describes the possibility of somatic marker hypothesis use in the dynamic paradigm research design.
EN
This research is concerned with the problem of pedestrians as vulnerable road users. It falls within the study of social representations and risk. In this study, the representation of pedestrians by both young and experienced drivers was analyzed. A questionnaire of eleven little stories was devised and used to contextualize the environment more clearly. The participants had to make up an ending for the story according to their own behavior or feelings in each situation. Multiple correspondence analysis via the categorization of the verbatim accounts reveals homogeneity in the reactions and feelings of both groups. This homogeneity reflects the importance of civil attitudes in situations of interaction since they call on the notion of “respect.” Finally, the qualitative approach of the little stories highlights the place of emotions in specific driver-pedestrian interaction contexts.
EN
František Mareš, a physician and physiologist, was one of the first Czech thinkers to realise the potential of Kant’ thoughts for the modern discussions about man. The article is focused on Mareš’s specific concept of emotion which, at least to a certain extent, differs from the Kantian idea of the structure of human being, and attempts at a certain phenomenology of the “overall organic bond” that Mareš considered to be the cardinal expression of (not only) human life. The main goal of Mareš’s endeavours is to found the individual’s subjectivity, which presupposes a reform of the then medical and cultural praxis. Mareš was firmly convinced that the dominant scientific tendencies which ignored man should be replaced by respect for man’s moral dignity
EN
The article aims to show the character of Anna Radziwiłł née Mycielska, the second wife of Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł ‘Rybeńko’ in the light of her correspondence. The proposed approach focuses on changes in her personality taking place at key moments in her life. The source basis are letters from the Voivode of Vilnius to her husband kept in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw. The authors of this paper made an attempt to present Anna Radziwiłł from the perspective of her roles: wife, mother, and woman.
EN
The purpose of this article is to compare the Russian noun ярость (rage) and its Polish semantic equivalents (gniew, wściekłość, pasja, furia) reported by Russian-Polish and Polish-Russian Dictionaries. Monographs, articles and dictionary entries have been used to analyse the terms and to create new definitions of feelings based on the Natural semantic metalanguage (NSM). The new definitions were written using sixty semantic primes, are universal for all languages, which helped to show similarities or differences between such difficult terms as feelings. Using this method, symmetry and asymmetry of equivalence have been found between Russian and Polish words.
EN
The article is a comparative analysis of two poems by Stanisław Barańczak: Bez poprawek [Without Corrections] from his debut collection Facial Corrections (Korekta twarzy) and She Cried That Night, but Not for Him to Hear (Płakała w nocy, ale nie jej płacz go zbudził) from his last collection Surgical Precision (Chirurgiczna precyzja). The subject of both these poems is love. In the first one, the erotic poem takes a surprising turn when the punchline reveals the object of feelings to be a text. It opens the reading proposed in the title, according to which the love described by Barańczak is turned into a text, a story, an emotional relationship between two people mediated by language, mutual interpretation and, as a final consequence, by poetry. The article discusses whether transferring feelings into a text is a necessary consequence of the textual nature of one’s presence in the world, whether it results in this tragic alienation of even the closest people or – quite the contrary – whether it allows one to break through the individuality.
XX
In the first part of the article I discussed some of the contemporary (philosophical) concepts of emotion: the feeling theory, the cognitive theory (with a propositional variant), the attitudinal theory, and emotions as construals. Most philosophical theories of emotion look at the main component or two main components of an emotional episode. Some theories take into account many components (multicomponent or hybrid theories). I use the latter. In the second part I analyzed emotions as compound intentional states: (1) cognition and appraisal, (2) the physiological aspect, (3) the neurological aspect, (4) feelings, (5) a tendency to act, and (6) expression.
EN
The article aims to show the character of Anna Radziwiłł née Mycielska, the second wife of Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł ‘Rybeńko’ in the light of her correspondence. The proposed approach focuses on changes in her personality taking place at key moments in her life. The source basis are letters from the Voivode of Vilnius to her husband kept in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw. The authors of this paper made an attempt to present Anna Radziwiłł from the perspective of her roles: wife, mother, and woman.
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