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1

Reforming Female Convents: the Role of a Venetian Ambassador in Curia (1519)

100%

Clodelli E.

Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies

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2018

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issue 2

PL

In 1519, Patriarch Antonio Contarini (1508–24) was trying to impose his authority over the female monasteries in Venice. He wanted to impose a stricter discipline and a more rigid lifestyle to the nuns, who were accustomed to comforts. However, he soon found major impediments from many Venetian families. The majority of nuns had aristocratic origins, and their relatives did not want them to lose their ancient privileges. Besides, monasteries symbolised the honour of the city and their families, so many noblemen reacted against any changes. After complaints began to spread, the government decided to get in touch with its ambassador in Rome, Marco Minio. Minio was asked to intercede with the pope: the Republic wanted a papal approval of Contarini’s reformation to end the dispute.In the present paper, Minio’s correspondence on this subject is analysed to trace the process developed in June–August of 1519. The Venetian ambassador tried to balance words and a decision to appease both the Republic and the Holy See. The case study is indeed an example of clever procrastination which eventually made it possible for Venice to accomplish its goal.

2

La muerte simbólica. El cuadro con la representación de Silencio y Monja crucifi cada del Beaterio del Carmen de San Blas en Cusco

72%

Kubiak E., Huacso J. G.

Sztuka Ameryki Łacińskiej

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2019

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issue 9

95-126

PL

W artykule został zaprezentowany obraz, który nigdy wcześniej nie był reprodukowany ani eksponowany publicznie. Dzieło pochodzi z beaterium pod wezwaniem Matki Boskiej Szkaplerznej w parafii św. Błażeja w Cusco. Jest to przedstawienie dwustronne, na awersie znajduje się postać zakonnicy w habicie karmelitańskim, która przykłada rękę do ust i nakazuje ciszę, o czym informuje nas, prócz gestu, towarzysząca przedstawieniu inskrypcja. Na rewersie zaś zobaczyć można wizerunek ukrzyżowanej mniszki. Malowidło funkcjonowało niegdyś jako drzwi prowadzące do nowicjatu, co możliwe było do ustalenia dzięki odnalezieniu archiwalnej fotografii. W artykule scharakteryzowana została ikonografia dzieła, a także udało się wskazać źródła dla większości inskrypcji, które towarzyszą wyobrażeniom malarskim. Obraz został zaprezentowany w szerszym kontekście historycznym i kulturowym funkcjonowania kuskeńskiego beaterium. ikonografia nowożytna

EN

The article presents a painting which has never been reproduced or publicly displayed before. The work comes from the Beaterium of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in St. Blaise Parish in Cusco. It is a two-sided representation. The ob- verse side contains a figure of a nun in a Carmelite habit, who puts his hand to his mouth and orders silence, which is communicated not only by the gesture, but also by the inscription accompanying the representation. On the rever- se side we can see an image of a crucified nun. The painting used to function as a door leading to the novitiate, which could be established based on the archival photo. The article describes iconography of the work, as well as the sources for most of the inscriptions that accompany the images. The painting is presen- ted in a broader historical and cultural context of Cusco Beaterium functioning.

3

Il teatro delle e per le monache (Napoli, secolo XVIII)

72%

Novi Chavarria E.

Italica Wratislaviensia

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2019

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issue 10.2

119–133

EN

Recent studies have focused on the musical environment and the theatre in female monasteries of many Italian cities between the 16 th and 18 th centuries. These art forms became famous as forms of entertainment in travel literature and in the chronicles of the time but were forbidden in the age of the Counter-Reformation. However, the theatrical performances, both in prose and in music, enjoyed enormous success and spread in male and female monasteries. As of the 17 th century, if not even earlier, travellers from half of Europe arrived in Naples, attracted by the excellence of the musical and theatrical performances that they could enjoy in the monasteries of the city. This essay aims to reconstruct the times, the modalities, and the contents of the theatrical offerings in the female monasteries of Naples at the beginning of the 18 th century, all of which are still unknown today. In particular, the case of the Franciscan monastery of St Chiara will be examined. Through the patronage of Queen Maria Amalia, musical and theatrical performances played an active leading role in the configuration of a specific theatrical type and taste and increased the education of the nuns and young women who were educated in the monastery, representing and legitimising new feelings and sensibilities. The religious women found a way to talk of their feelings and concerns together; they forged relationships even with the environments outside of the monastery and especially with the Queen’s court and with the courts of the aristocratic palaces of their families of origin.

IT

Studi recenti hanno fatto luce sull’ambiente musicale e sul teatro monastico femminile di molte città italiane tra Cinque e Settecento, conferendo spessore documentario alla fama di cui tali forme di spettacolo godevano nella letteratura da viaggio e nella memorialistica cittadine dell’epoca. Si trattava di pratiche culturali vietate dalla normativa post-tridentina, eppure spettacoli teatrali, sia in prosa che in musica, ebbero una enorme fortuna e diffusione nei monasteri maschili e femminili. Napoli, in particolare, sin dal secolo XVII, se non da addirittura prima, richiamò viaggiatori provenienti da mezza Europa anche in virtù della eccellenza delle esecuzioni musicali e teatrali di cui era possibile fruire nei monasteri della città. Il saggio prova a far luce su tempi, modalità e contenuti dell’offerta teatrale dei monasteri femminili napoletani agli inizi del secolo XVIII, in particolare del monastero delle francescane di S. Chiara che, grazie al patronage della regina Maria Amalia, pare abbia avuto un ruolo attivo e trainante nella configurazione di uno specifico genere e gusto teatrali volto a incrementare l’istruzione delle religiose e delle giovani che venivano educate nel monastero, ma anche a rappresentare e legittimare sentimenti e nuove sensibilità. Le religiose vi trovarono un modo per raccontarsi, fare affiorare e comunicare i propri sentimenti e inquietudini, attivare forme di sociabilità e di relazioni sociali dentro e fuori il monastero, tra i monasteri e le corti, quella della Regina e le corti dei palazzi aristocratici delle loro famiglie di origine.

4

Pomiędzy tradycją zakonu a tradycją rodu – treści ideowe fasady kościoła Benedyktynek pw. św. Katarzyny w Wilnie

58%

Czyż A. S.

Artifex Novus

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2019

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issue 3

58-75

EN

The Benedictines, who had been brought to Vilnius between 1616 and 1618, formed a small and modest community. Thanks to the generous legacy of Feliks Jan Pac, in 1692 their situation changed as they could erect a brick church, which was then consecrated in 1703. The generosity of the Lithuanian chamberlain was not a coincidence; his two daughters, Sybilla and Anna, the only offspring he left, had joined the Benedictine Sisters in Vilnius. Sybilla (Magdalena) Pac, who became an abbess in 1704, was particularly important for the history of the monastery. Not only did she renew the community life, but she also became one of the most important personalities of the then Vilnius. After the fire in 1737 Sybilla Pac vigorously started rebuilding the monastery and the church, which was completed by her successor, Joanna Rejtan. The facade which was then erected after Johann Christoph Glaubitz’s design was adorned with stucco and metal decorations with a perfectly devised ideological programme which referred to the tradition of the order and to the one of the Pac family. The facade presented ideals connected with the Benedictine life, which placed them among the hints of having to fight at the level of spirit and body, incorporating among the military symbols also the need to fight the enemies of the Church and the state, and the typical for the Benedictine spirituality piety connected with the Caravaca cross and the Divine Providence. At the same time, it reminded of the Benedictine vocations comparing nuns to lilies. This comparison, due to the presence of the Gozdawa coat-of-arms (double lilie) and the common nickname of the Pac family in the 17th and 18th cc. “the Liliats”, could also apply to their lineage, including the abbess Sybilla and her services to the monastery. Exposing founders in such an emphatic way was not only the will to immortalise them, but was also, together with the entire architectural and artistic decor of the church, connected with the need to counterbalance the new and dynamically developing Visitation Monastery in Vilnius. At the same time, the nature of the facade decoration of the Church of St. Catherine is in line with other foundations of the Pac family: St Theresa’s Church and the St Peter and St Paul Church, and was the last significant artistic initiative of the family in thecapital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

PL

Sprowadzone do Wilna między 1616 a 1618 r. benedyktynki utworzyły niewielką i skromnie uposażoną wspólnotę. Ich sytuacja zmieniła się w 1692 r., kiedy to dzięki bogatym zapisom Feliksa Jana Paca mogły wystawić murowany kościół konsekrowany w 1703 r. Hojność podkomorzego litewskiego nie była przypadkowa, bowiem do wileńskich benedyktynek wstąpiły jego córki Sybilla i Anna, jedyne potomstwo jakie po sobie pozostawił. Z nich szczególne znaczenie dla dziejów klasztoru miała Sybilla (Magdalena) Pacówna, która w 1704 r. została wybrana ksienią. Nie tylko odnowiła ona życie wspólnoty, ale stała się również jedną z najważniejszych postaci ówczesnego Wilna. Po pożarze w 1737 r. Sybilla Pacówna energicznie przystąpiła do odbudowy klasztoru i kościoła, którą kończyła już jej następczyni Joanna Rejtanówna. Wzniesioną wówczas według projektu Jana Krzysztofa Glaubitza fasadę ozdobiono stiukowo-metalową dekoracją o indywidualnie zaplanowanym programie ideowym odwołującym się i do tradycji zakonnej i rodowej – pacowskiej. W fasadzie wyeksponowano ideały związane z życiem benedyktyńskim sytuując je wśród aluzji o konieczności walki na płaszczyźnie ducha i ciała, włączając w militarną symbolikę także konieczność walki z wrogami Kościoła i ojczyzny oraz charakterystyczną dla duchowości benedyktyńskiej pobożność związaną z krzyżem w typie karawaka oraz z Opatrznością Bożą. Jednocześnie przypominano o bogactwie powołań w klasztorze benedyktynek wileńskich przyrównując mniszki do lilii. Porównanie to dzięki obecności w fasadzie herbu Gozdawa (podwójna lilia) oraz powszechnego w XVII i XVIII w. zwyczaju określania Paców „Liliatami” można było odnosić także do ich rodu, w tym do zasłużonej dla klasztoru ksieni Sybilli. Tak mocne wyeksponowanie fundatorów było nie tylko chęcią upamiętnia darczyńców, ale wraz z całym architektonicznym i plastycznym wystrojem świątyni wiązało się z koniecznością stworzenia przeciwwagi dla nowego i prężnie rozwijającego się pod patronatem elity litewskiej klasztoru Wizytek w Wilnie. Przy tym charakter dekoracji fasady kościoła pw. św. Katarzyny wpisuje się w inne fundacje Paców: kościół pw. św. Teresy i kościół pw. śś. Piotra i Pawła będąc ostatnią ważną inicjatywą artystyczną rodu w stolicy Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego.

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1 Artifex Novus

1 Italica Wratislaviensia

1 Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies

1 Sztuka Ameryki Łacińskiej

3 2019

1 2018

1 Clodelli E.

1 Czyż A. S.

1 Huacso J. G.

1 Kubiak E.

1 Novi Chavarria E.

Reforming Female Convents: the Role of a Venetian Ambassador in Curia (1519)

La muerte simbólica. El cuadro con la representación de Silencio y Monja crucifi cada del Beaterio del Carmen de San Blas en Cusco

Il teatro delle e per le monache (Napoli, secolo XVIII)

Pomiędzy tradycją zakonu a tradycją rodu – treści ideowe fasady kościoła Benedyktynek pw. św. Katarzyny w Wilnie